Mercurial > jdk8-mips64-public > hotspot / file revision

 /*

  * Copyright 1997-2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,

  * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or

  * have any questions.

  *

  */

 class BiasedLockingCounters;

 // Contains all the definitions needed for x86 assembly code generation.

 // Calling convention

 class Argument VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {

  public:

   enum {

 #ifdef _LP64

 #ifdef _WIN64

     n_int_register_parameters_c   = 4, // rcx, rdx, r8, r9 (c_rarg0, c_rarg1, ...)

     n_float_register_parameters_c = 4,  // xmm0 - xmm3 (c_farg0, c_farg1, ... )

 #else

     n_int_register_parameters_c   = 6, // rdi, rsi, rdx, rcx, r8, r9 (c_rarg0, c_rarg1, ...)

     n_float_register_parameters_c = 8,  // xmm0 - xmm7 (c_farg0, c_farg1, ... )

 #endif // _WIN64

     n_int_register_parameters_j   = 6, // j_rarg0, j_rarg1, ...

     n_float_register_parameters_j = 8  // j_farg0, j_farg1, ...

 #else

     n_register_parameters = 0   // 0 registers used to pass arguments

 #endif // _LP64

   };

 };

 #ifdef _LP64

 // Symbolically name the register arguments used by the c calling convention.

 // Windows is different from linux/solaris. So much for standards...

 #ifdef _WIN64

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, c_rarg0, rcx);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, c_rarg1, rdx);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, c_rarg2, r8);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, c_rarg3, r9);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg0, xmm0);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg1, xmm1);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg2, xmm2);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg3, xmm3);

 #else

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, c_rarg0, rdi);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, c_rarg1, rsi);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, c_rarg2, rdx);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, c_rarg3, rcx);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, c_rarg4, r8);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, c_rarg5, r9);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg0, xmm0);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg1, xmm1);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg2, xmm2);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg3, xmm3);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg4, xmm4);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg5, xmm5);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg6, xmm6);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, c_farg7, xmm7);

 #endif // _WIN64

 // Symbolically name the register arguments used by the Java calling convention.

 // We have control over the convention for java so we can do what we please.

 // What pleases us is to offset the java calling convention so that when

 // we call a suitable jni method the arguments are lined up and we don't

 // have to do little shuffling. A suitable jni method is non-static and a

 // small number of arguments (two fewer args on windows)

 //

 //        |-------------------------------------------------------|

 //        | c_rarg0   c_rarg1  c_rarg2 c_rarg3 c_rarg4 c_rarg5    |

 //        |-------------------------------------------------------|

 //        | rcx       rdx      r8      r9      rdi*    rsi*       | windows (* not a c_rarg)

 //        | rdi       rsi      rdx     rcx     r8      r9         | solaris/linux

 //        |-------------------------------------------------------|

 //        | j_rarg5   j_rarg0  j_rarg1 j_rarg2 j_rarg3 j_rarg4    |

 //        |-------------------------------------------------------|

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, j_rarg0, c_rarg1);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, j_rarg1, c_rarg2);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, j_rarg2, c_rarg3);

 // Windows runs out of register args here

 #ifdef _WIN64

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, j_rarg3, rdi);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, j_rarg4, rsi);

 #else

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, j_rarg3, c_rarg4);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, j_rarg4, c_rarg5);

 #endif /* _WIN64 */

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, j_rarg5, c_rarg0);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, j_farg0, xmm0);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, j_farg1, xmm1);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, j_farg2, xmm2);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, j_farg3, xmm3);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, j_farg4, xmm4);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, j_farg5, xmm5);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, j_farg6, xmm6);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(XMMRegister, j_farg7, xmm7);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, rscratch1, r10);  // volatile

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, rscratch2, r11);  // volatile

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, r12_heapbase, r12); // callee-saved

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, r15_thread, r15); // callee-saved

 #else

 // rscratch1 will apear in 32bit code that is dead but of course must compile

 // Using noreg ensures if the dead code is incorrectly live and executed it

 // will cause an assertion failure

 #define rscratch1 noreg

 #endif // _LP64

 // Address is an abstraction used to represent a memory location

 // using any of the amd64 addressing modes with one object.

 //

 // Note: A register location is represented via a Register, not

 //       via an address for efficiency & simplicity reasons.

 class ArrayAddress;

 class Address VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {

  public:

   enum ScaleFactor {

     no_scale = -1,

     times_1  =  0,

     times_2  =  1,

     times_4  =  2,

     times_8  =  3,

     times_ptr = LP64_ONLY(times_8) NOT_LP64(times_4)

   };

   static ScaleFactor times(int size) {

     assert(size >= 1 && size <= 8 && is_power_of_2(size), "bad scale size");

     if (size == 8)  return times_8;

     if (size == 4)  return times_4;

     if (size == 2)  return times_2;

     return times_1;

   }

   static int scale_size(ScaleFactor scale) {

     assert(scale != no_scale, "");

     assert(((1 << (int)times_1) == 1 &&

             (1 << (int)times_2) == 2 &&

             (1 << (int)times_4) == 4 &&

             (1 << (int)times_8) == 8), "");

     return (1 << (int)scale);

   }

  private:

   Register         _base;

   Register         _index;

   ScaleFactor      _scale;

   int              _disp;

   RelocationHolder _rspec;

   // Easily misused constructors make them private

   // %%% can we make these go away?

   NOT_LP64(Address(address loc, RelocationHolder spec);)

   Address(int disp, address loc, relocInfo::relocType rtype);

   Address(int disp, address loc, RelocationHolder spec);

  public:

  int disp() { return _disp; }

   // creation

   Address()

     : _base(noreg),

       _index(noreg),

       _scale(no_scale),

       _disp(0) {

   }

   // No default displacement otherwise Register can be implicitly

   // converted to 0(Register) which is quite a different animal.

   Address(Register base, int disp)

     : _base(base),

       _index(noreg),

       _scale(no_scale),

       _disp(disp) {

   }

   Address(Register base, Register index, ScaleFactor scale, int disp = 0)

     : _base (base),

       _index(index),

       _scale(scale),

       _disp (disp) {

     assert(!index->is_valid() == (scale == Address::no_scale),

            "inconsistent address");

   }

   Address(Register base, RegisterConstant index, ScaleFactor scale = times_1, int disp = 0)

     : _base (base),

       _index(index.register_or_noreg()),

       _scale(scale),

       _disp (disp + (index.constant_or_zero() * scale_size(scale))) {

     if (!index.is_register())  scale = Address::no_scale;

     assert(!_index->is_valid() == (scale == Address::no_scale),

            "inconsistent address");

   }

   Address plus_disp(int disp) const {

     Address a = (*this);

     a._disp += disp;

     return a;

   }

   // The following two overloads are used in connection with the

   // ByteSize type (see sizes.hpp).  They simplify the use of

   // ByteSize'd arguments in assembly code. Note that their equivalent

   // for the optimized build are the member functions with int disp

   // argument since ByteSize is mapped to an int type in that case.

   //

   // Note: DO NOT introduce similar overloaded functions for WordSize

   // arguments as in the optimized mode, both ByteSize and WordSize

   // are mapped to the same type and thus the compiler cannot make a

   // distinction anymore (=> compiler errors).

 #ifdef ASSERT

   Address(Register base, ByteSize disp)

     : _base(base),

       _index(noreg),

       _scale(no_scale),

       _disp(in_bytes(disp)) {

   }

   Address(Register base, Register index, ScaleFactor scale, ByteSize disp)

     : _base(base),

       _index(index),

       _scale(scale),

       _disp(in_bytes(disp)) {

     assert(!index->is_valid() == (scale == Address::no_scale),

            "inconsistent address");

   }

   Address(Register base, RegisterConstant index, ScaleFactor scale, ByteSize disp)

     : _base (base),

       _index(index.register_or_noreg()),

       _scale(scale),

       _disp (in_bytes(disp) + (index.constant_or_zero() * scale_size(scale))) {

     if (!index.is_register())  scale = Address::no_scale;

     assert(!_index->is_valid() == (scale == Address::no_scale),

            "inconsistent address");

   }

 #endif // ASSERT

   // accessors

   bool        uses(Register reg) const { return _base == reg || _index == reg; }

   Register    base()             const { return _base;  }

   Register    index()            const { return _index; }

   ScaleFactor scale()            const { return _scale; }

   int         disp()             const { return _disp;  }

   // Convert the raw encoding form into the form expected by the constructor for

   // Address.  An index of 4 (rsp) corresponds to having no index, so convert

   // that to noreg for the Address constructor.

   static Address make_raw(int base, int index, int scale, int disp);

   static Address make_array(ArrayAddress);

  private:

   bool base_needs_rex() const {

     return _base != noreg && _base->encoding() >= 8;

   }

   bool index_needs_rex() const {

     return _index != noreg &&_index->encoding() >= 8;

   }

   relocInfo::relocType reloc() const { return _rspec.type(); }

   friend class Assembler;

   friend class MacroAssembler;

   friend class LIR_Assembler; // base/index/scale/disp

 };

 //

 // AddressLiteral has been split out from Address because operands of this type

 // need to be treated specially on 32bit vs. 64bit platforms. By splitting it out

 // the few instructions that need to deal with address literals are unique and the

 // MacroAssembler does not have to implement every instruction in the Assembler

 // in order to search for address literals that may need special handling depending

 // on the instruction and the platform. As small step on the way to merging i486/amd64

 // directories.

 //

 class AddressLiteral VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {

   friend class ArrayAddress;

   RelocationHolder _rspec;

   // Typically we use AddressLiterals we want to use their rval

   // However in some situations we want the lval (effect address) of the item.

   // We provide a special factory for making those lvals.

   bool _is_lval;

   // If the target is far we'll need to load the ea of this to

   // a register to reach it. Otherwise if near we can do rip

   // relative addressing.

   address          _target;

  protected:

   // creation

   AddressLiteral()

     : _is_lval(false),

       _target(NULL)

   {}

   public:

   AddressLiteral(address target, relocInfo::relocType rtype);

   AddressLiteral(address target, RelocationHolder const& rspec)

     : _rspec(rspec),

       _is_lval(false),

       _target(target)

   {}

   AddressLiteral addr() {

     AddressLiteral ret = *this;

     ret._is_lval = true;

     return ret;

   }

  private:

   address target() { return _target; }

   bool is_lval() { return _is_lval; }

   relocInfo::relocType reloc() const { return _rspec.type(); }

   const RelocationHolder& rspec() const { return _rspec; }

   friend class Assembler;

   friend class MacroAssembler;

   friend class Address;

   friend class LIR_Assembler;

 };

 // Convience classes

 class RuntimeAddress: public AddressLiteral {

   public:

   RuntimeAddress(address target) : AddressLiteral(target, relocInfo::runtime_call_type) {}

 };

 class OopAddress: public AddressLiteral {

   public:

   OopAddress(address target) : AddressLiteral(target, relocInfo::oop_type){}

 };

 class ExternalAddress: public AddressLiteral {

   public:

   ExternalAddress(address target) : AddressLiteral(target, relocInfo::external_word_type){}

 };

 class InternalAddress: public AddressLiteral {

   public:

   InternalAddress(address target) : AddressLiteral(target, relocInfo::internal_word_type) {}

 };

 // x86 can do array addressing as a single operation since disp can be an absolute

 // address amd64 can't. We create a class that expresses the concept but does extra

 // magic on amd64 to get the final result

 class ArrayAddress VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {

   private:

   AddressLiteral _base;

   Address        _index;

   public:

   ArrayAddress() {};

   ArrayAddress(AddressLiteral base, Address index): _base(base), _index(index) {};

   AddressLiteral base() { return _base; }

   Address index() { return _index; }

 };

 const int FPUStateSizeInWords = NOT_LP64(27) LP64_ONLY( 512 / wordSize);

 // The Intel x86/Amd64 Assembler: Pure assembler doing NO optimizations on the instruction

 // level (e.g. mov rax, 0 is not translated into xor rax, rax!); i.e., what you write

 // is what you get. The Assembler is generating code into a CodeBuffer.

 class Assembler : public AbstractAssembler  {

   friend class AbstractAssembler; // for the non-virtual hack

   friend class LIR_Assembler; // as_Address()

   friend class StubGenerator;

  public:

   enum Condition {                     // The x86 condition codes used for conditional jumps/moves.

     zero          = 0x4,

     notZero       = 0x5,

     equal         = 0x4,

     notEqual      = 0x5,

     less          = 0xc,

     lessEqual     = 0xe,

     greater       = 0xf,

     greaterEqual  = 0xd,

     below         = 0x2,

     belowEqual    = 0x6,

     above         = 0x7,

     aboveEqual    = 0x3,

     overflow      = 0x0,

     noOverflow    = 0x1,

     carrySet      = 0x2,

     carryClear    = 0x3,

     negative      = 0x8,

     positive      = 0x9,

     parity        = 0xa,

     noParity      = 0xb

   };

   enum Prefix {

     // segment overrides

     CS_segment = 0x2e,

     SS_segment = 0x36,

     DS_segment = 0x3e,

     ES_segment = 0x26,

     FS_segment = 0x64,

     GS_segment = 0x65,

     REX        = 0x40,

     REX_B      = 0x41,

     REX_X      = 0x42,

     REX_XB     = 0x43,

     REX_R      = 0x44,

     REX_RB     = 0x45,

     REX_RX     = 0x46,

     REX_RXB    = 0x47,

     REX_W      = 0x48,

     REX_WB     = 0x49,

     REX_WX     = 0x4A,

     REX_WXB    = 0x4B,

     REX_WR     = 0x4C,

     REX_WRB    = 0x4D,

     REX_WRX    = 0x4E,

     REX_WRXB   = 0x4F

   };

   enum WhichOperand {

     // input to locate_operand, and format code for relocations

     imm_operand  = 0,            // embedded 32-bit|64-bit immediate operand

     disp32_operand = 1,          // embedded 32-bit displacement or address

     call32_operand = 2,          // embedded 32-bit self-relative displacement

 #ifndef _LP64

     _WhichOperand_limit = 3

 #else

      narrow_oop_operand = 3,     // embedded 32-bit immediate narrow oop

     _WhichOperand_limit = 4

 #endif

   };

   // NOTE: The general philopsophy of the declarations here is that 64bit versions

   // of instructions are freely declared without the need for wrapping them an ifdef.

   // (Some dangerous instructions are ifdef's out of inappropriate jvm's.)

   // In the .cpp file the implementations are wrapped so that they are dropped out

   // of the resulting jvm. This is done mostly to keep the footprint of KERNEL

   // to the size it was prior to merging up the 32bit and 64bit assemblers.

   //

   // This does mean you'll get a linker/runtime error if you use a 64bit only instruction

   // in a 32bit vm. This is somewhat unfortunate but keeps the ifdef noise down.

 private:

   // 64bit prefixes

   int prefix_and_encode(int reg_enc, bool byteinst = false);

   int prefixq_and_encode(int reg_enc);

   int prefix_and_encode(int dst_enc, int src_enc, bool byteinst = false);

   int prefixq_and_encode(int dst_enc, int src_enc);

   void prefix(Register reg);

   void prefix(Address adr);

   void prefixq(Address adr);

   void prefix(Address adr, Register reg,  bool byteinst = false);

   void prefixq(Address adr, Register reg);

   void prefix(Address adr, XMMRegister reg);

   void prefetch_prefix(Address src);

   // Helper functions for groups of instructions

   void emit_arith_b(int op1, int op2, Register dst, int imm8);

   void emit_arith(int op1, int op2, Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   // only 32bit??

   void emit_arith(int op1, int op2, Register dst, jobject obj);

   void emit_arith(int op1, int op2, Register dst, Register src);

   void emit_operand(Register reg,

                     Register base, Register index, Address::ScaleFactor scale,

                     int disp,

                     RelocationHolder const& rspec,

                     int rip_relative_correction = 0);

   void emit_operand(Register reg, Address adr, int rip_relative_correction = 0);

   // operands that only take the original 32bit registers

   void emit_operand32(Register reg, Address adr);

   void emit_operand(XMMRegister reg,

                     Register base, Register index, Address::ScaleFactor scale,

                     int disp,

                     RelocationHolder const& rspec);

   void emit_operand(XMMRegister reg, Address adr);

   void emit_operand(MMXRegister reg, Address adr);

   // workaround gcc (3.2.1-7) bug

   void emit_operand(Address adr, MMXRegister reg);

   // Immediate-to-memory forms

   void emit_arith_operand(int op1, Register rm, Address adr, int32_t imm32);

   void emit_farith(int b1, int b2, int i);

  protected:

   #ifdef ASSERT

   void check_relocation(RelocationHolder const& rspec, int format);

   #endif

   inline void emit_long64(jlong x);

   void emit_data(jint data, relocInfo::relocType    rtype, int format);

   void emit_data(jint data, RelocationHolder const& rspec, int format);

   void emit_data64(jlong data, relocInfo::relocType rtype, int format = 0);

   void emit_data64(jlong data, RelocationHolder const& rspec, int format = 0);

   bool reachable(AddressLiteral adr) NOT_LP64({ return true;});

   // These are all easily abused and hence protected

   void mov_literal32(Register dst, int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec, int format = 0);

   // 32BIT ONLY SECTION

 #ifndef _LP64

   // Make these disappear in 64bit mode since they would never be correct

   void cmp_literal32(Register src1, int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec);   // 32BIT ONLY

   void cmp_literal32(Address src1, int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec);    // 32BIT ONLY

   void mov_literal32(Address dst, int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec);     // 32BIT ONLY

   void push_literal32(int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec);                 // 32BIT ONLY

 #else

   // 64BIT ONLY SECTION

   void mov_literal64(Register dst, intptr_t imm64, RelocationHolder const& rspec);   // 64BIT ONLY

 #endif // _LP64

   // These are unique in that we are ensured by the caller that the 32bit

   // relative in these instructions will always be able to reach the potentially

   // 64bit address described by entry. Since they can take a 64bit address they

   // don't have the 32 suffix like the other instructions in this class.

   void call_literal(address entry, RelocationHolder const& rspec);

   void jmp_literal(address entry, RelocationHolder const& rspec);

   // Avoid using directly section

   // Instructions in this section are actually usable by anyone without danger

   // of failure but have performance issues that are addressed my enhanced

   // instructions which will do the proper thing base on the particular cpu.

   // We protect them because we don't trust you...

   // Don't use next inc() and dec() methods directly. INC & DEC instructions

   // could cause a partial flag stall since they don't set CF flag.

   // Use MacroAssembler::decrement() & MacroAssembler::increment() methods

   // which call inc() & dec() or add() & sub() in accordance with

   // the product flag UseIncDec value.

   void decl(Register dst);

   void decl(Address dst);

   void decq(Register dst);

   void decq(Address dst);

   void incl(Register dst);

   void incl(Address dst);

   void incq(Register dst);

   void incq(Address dst);

   // New cpus require use of movsd and movss to avoid partial register stall

   // when loading from memory. But for old Opteron use movlpd instead of movsd.

   // The selection is done in MacroAssembler::movdbl() and movflt().

   // Move Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void movss(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void movss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void movss(Address dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Move Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void movsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void movsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void movsd(Address dst, XMMRegister src);

   void movlpd(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   // New cpus require use of movaps and movapd to avoid partial register stall

   // when moving between registers.

   void movaps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void movapd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // End avoid using directly

   // Instruction prefixes

   void prefix(Prefix p);

   public:

   // Creation

   Assembler(CodeBuffer* code) : AbstractAssembler(code) {}

   // Decoding

   static address locate_operand(address inst, WhichOperand which);

   static address locate_next_instruction(address inst);

   // Utilities

 #ifdef _LP64

  static bool is_simm(int64_t x, int nbits) { return -( CONST64(1) << (nbits-1) )  <= x   &&   x  <  ( CONST64(1) << (nbits-1) ); }

  static bool is_simm32(int64_t x) { return x == (int64_t)(int32_t)x; }

 #else

  static bool is_simm(int32_t x, int nbits) { return -( 1 << (nbits-1) )  <= x   &&   x  <  ( 1 << (nbits-1) ); }

  static bool is_simm32(int32_t x) { return true; }

 #endif // LP64

   // Generic instructions

   // Does 32bit or 64bit as needed for the platform. In some sense these

   // belong in macro assembler but there is no need for both varieties to exist

   void lea(Register dst, Address src);

   void mov(Register dst, Register src);

   void pusha();

   void popa();

   void pushf();

   void popf();

   void push(int32_t imm32);

   void push(Register src);

   void pop(Register dst);

   // These are dummies to prevent surprise implicit conversions to Register

   void push(void* v);

   void pop(void* v);

   // These do register sized moves/scans

   void rep_mov();

   void rep_set();

   void repne_scan();

 #ifdef _LP64

   void repne_scanl();

 #endif

   // Vanilla instructions in lexical order

   void adcl(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void adcl(Register dst, Address src);

   void adcl(Register dst, Register src);

   void adcq(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void adcq(Register dst, Address src);

   void adcq(Register dst, Register src);

   void addl(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void addl(Address dst, Register src);

   void addl(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void addl(Register dst, Address src);

   void addl(Register dst, Register src);

   void addq(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void addq(Address dst, Register src);

   void addq(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void addq(Register dst, Address src);

   void addq(Register dst, Register src);

   void addr_nop_4();

   void addr_nop_5();

   void addr_nop_7();

   void addr_nop_8();

   // Add Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void addsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void addsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Add Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void addss(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void addss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void andl(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void andl(Register dst, Address src);

   void andl(Register dst, Register src);

   void andq(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void andq(Register dst, Address src);

   void andq(Register dst, Register src);

   // Bitwise Logical AND of Packed Double-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void andpd(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void andpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void bswapl(Register reg);

   void bswapq(Register reg);

   void call(Label& L, relocInfo::relocType rtype);

   void call(Register reg);  // push pc; pc <- reg

   void call(Address adr);   // push pc; pc <- adr

   void cdql();

   void cdqq();

   void cld() { emit_byte(0xfc); }

   void clflush(Address adr);

   void cmovl(Condition cc, Register dst, Register src);

   void cmovl(Condition cc, Register dst, Address src);

   void cmovq(Condition cc, Register dst, Register src);

   void cmovq(Condition cc, Register dst, Address src);

   void cmpb(Address dst, int imm8);

   void cmpl(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void cmpl(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void cmpl(Register dst, Register src);

   void cmpl(Register dst, Address src);

   void cmpq(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void cmpq(Address dst, Register src);

   void cmpq(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void cmpq(Register dst, Register src);

   void cmpq(Register dst, Address src);

   // these are dummies used to catch attempting to convert NULL to Register

   void cmpl(Register dst, void* junk); // dummy

   void cmpq(Register dst, void* junk); // dummy

   void cmpw(Address dst, int imm16);

   void cmpxchg8 (Address adr);

   void cmpxchgl(Register reg, Address adr);

   void cmpxchgq(Register reg, Address adr);

   // Ordered Compare Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Values and set EFLAGS

   void comisd(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   // Ordered Compare Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Values and set EFLAGS

   void comiss(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   // Identify processor type and features

   void cpuid() {

     emit_byte(0x0F);

     emit_byte(0xA2);

   }

   // Convert Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Value to Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Value

   void cvtsd2ss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Convert Doubleword Integer to Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Value

   void cvtsi2sdl(XMMRegister dst, Register src);

   void cvtsi2sdq(XMMRegister dst, Register src);

   // Convert Doubleword Integer to Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Value

   void cvtsi2ssl(XMMRegister dst, Register src);

   void cvtsi2ssq(XMMRegister dst, Register src);

   // Convert Packed Signed Doubleword Integers to Packed Double-Precision Floating-Point Value

   void cvtdq2pd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Convert Packed Signed Doubleword Integers to Packed Single-Precision Floating-Point Value

   void cvtdq2ps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Convert Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Value to Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Value

   void cvtss2sd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Convert with Truncation Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Value to Doubleword Integer

   void cvttsd2sil(Register dst, Address src);

   void cvttsd2sil(Register dst, XMMRegister src);

   void cvttsd2siq(Register dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Convert with Truncation Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Value to Doubleword Integer

   void cvttss2sil(Register dst, XMMRegister src);

   void cvttss2siq(Register dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Divide Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void divsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void divsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Divide Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void divss(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void divss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void emms();

   void fabs();

   void fadd(int i);

   void fadd_d(Address src);

   void fadd_s(Address src);

   // "Alternate" versions of x87 instructions place result down in FPU

   // stack instead of on TOS

   void fadda(int i); // "alternate" fadd

   void faddp(int i = 1);

   void fchs();

   void fcom(int i);

   void fcomp(int i = 1);

   void fcomp_d(Address src);

   void fcomp_s(Address src);

   void fcompp();

   void fcos();

   void fdecstp();

   void fdiv(int i);

   void fdiv_d(Address src);

   void fdivr_s(Address src);

   void fdiva(int i);  // "alternate" fdiv

   void fdivp(int i = 1);

   void fdivr(int i);

   void fdivr_d(Address src);

   void fdiv_s(Address src);

   void fdivra(int i); // "alternate" reversed fdiv

   void fdivrp(int i = 1);

   void ffree(int i = 0);

   void fild_d(Address adr);

   void fild_s(Address adr);

   void fincstp();

   void finit();

   void fist_s (Address adr);

   void fistp_d(Address adr);

   void fistp_s(Address adr);

   void fld1();

   void fld_d(Address adr);

   void fld_s(Address adr);

   void fld_s(int index);

   void fld_x(Address adr);  // extended-precision (80-bit) format

   void fldcw(Address src);

   void fldenv(Address src);

   void fldlg2();

   void fldln2();

   void fldz();

   void flog();

   void flog10();

   void fmul(int i);

   void fmul_d(Address src);

   void fmul_s(Address src);

   void fmula(int i);  // "alternate" fmul

   void fmulp(int i = 1);

   void fnsave(Address dst);

   void fnstcw(Address src);

   void fnstsw_ax();

   void fprem();

   void fprem1();

   void frstor(Address src);

   void fsin();

   void fsqrt();

   void fst_d(Address adr);

   void fst_s(Address adr);

   void fstp_d(Address adr);

   void fstp_d(int index);

   void fstp_s(Address adr);

   void fstp_x(Address adr); // extended-precision (80-bit) format

   void fsub(int i);

   void fsub_d(Address src);

   void fsub_s(Address src);

   void fsuba(int i);  // "alternate" fsub

   void fsubp(int i = 1);

   void fsubr(int i);

   void fsubr_d(Address src);

   void fsubr_s(Address src);

   void fsubra(int i); // "alternate" reversed fsub

   void fsubrp(int i = 1);

   void ftan();

   void ftst();

   void fucomi(int i = 1);

   void fucomip(int i = 1);

   void fwait();

   void fxch(int i = 1);

   void fxrstor(Address src);

   void fxsave(Address dst);

   void fyl2x();

   void hlt();

   void idivl(Register src);

   void idivq(Register src);

   void imull(Register dst, Register src);

   void imull(Register dst, Register src, int value);

   void imulq(Register dst, Register src);

   void imulq(Register dst, Register src, int value);

   // jcc is the generic conditional branch generator to run-

   // time routines, jcc is used for branches to labels. jcc

   // takes a branch opcode (cc) and a label (L) and generates

   // either a backward branch or a forward branch and links it

   // to the label fixup chain. Usage:

   //

   // Label L;      // unbound label

   // jcc(cc, L);   // forward branch to unbound label

   // bind(L);      // bind label to the current pc

   // jcc(cc, L);   // backward branch to bound label

   // bind(L);      // illegal: a label may be bound only once

   //

   // Note: The same Label can be used for forward and backward branches

   // but it may be bound only once.

   void jcc(Condition cc, Label& L,

            relocInfo::relocType rtype = relocInfo::none);

   // Conditional jump to a 8-bit offset to L.

   // WARNING: be very careful using this for forward jumps.  If the label is

   // not bound within an 8-bit offset of this instruction, a run-time error

   // will occur.

   void jccb(Condition cc, Label& L);

   void jmp(Address entry);    // pc <- entry

   // Label operations & relative jumps (PPUM Appendix D)

   void jmp(Label& L, relocInfo::relocType rtype = relocInfo::none);   // unconditional jump to L

   void jmp(Register entry); // pc <- entry

   // Unconditional 8-bit offset jump to L.

   // WARNING: be very careful using this for forward jumps.  If the label is

   // not bound within an 8-bit offset of this instruction, a run-time error

   // will occur.

   void jmpb(Label& L);

   void ldmxcsr( Address src );

   void leal(Register dst, Address src);

   void leaq(Register dst, Address src);

   void lfence() {

     emit_byte(0x0F);

     emit_byte(0xAE);

     emit_byte(0xE8);

   }

   void lock();

   enum Membar_mask_bits {

     StoreStore = 1 << 3,

     LoadStore  = 1 << 2,

     StoreLoad  = 1 << 1,

     LoadLoad   = 1 << 0

   };

   // Serializes memory.

   void membar(Membar_mask_bits order_constraint) {

     // We only have to handle StoreLoad and LoadLoad

     if (order_constraint & StoreLoad) {

       // MFENCE subsumes LFENCE

       mfence();

     } /* [jk] not needed currently: else if (order_constraint & LoadLoad) {

          lfence();

     } */

   }

   void mfence();

   // Moves

   void mov64(Register dst, int64_t imm64);

   void movb(Address dst, Register src);

   void movb(Address dst, int imm8);

   void movb(Register dst, Address src);

   void movdl(XMMRegister dst, Register src);

   void movdl(Register dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Move Double Quadword

   void movdq(XMMRegister dst, Register src);

   void movdq(Register dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Move Aligned Double Quadword

   void movdqa(Address     dst, XMMRegister src);

   void movdqa(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void movdqa(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Move Unaligned Double Quadword

   void movdqu(Address     dst, XMMRegister src);

   void movdqu(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void movdqu(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void movl(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void movl(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void movl(Register dst, Register src);

   void movl(Register dst, Address src);

   void movl(Address dst, Register src);

   // These dummies prevent using movl from converting a zero (like NULL) into Register

   // by giving the compiler two choices it can't resolve

   void movl(Address  dst, void* junk);

   void movl(Register dst, void* junk);

 #ifdef _LP64

   void movq(Register dst, Register src);

   void movq(Register dst, Address src);

   void movq(Address dst, Register src);

 #endif

   void movq(Address     dst, MMXRegister src );

   void movq(MMXRegister dst, Address src );

 #ifdef _LP64

   // These dummies prevent using movq from converting a zero (like NULL) into Register

   // by giving the compiler two choices it can't resolve

   void movq(Address  dst, void* dummy);

   void movq(Register dst, void* dummy);

 #endif

   // Move Quadword

   void movq(Address     dst, XMMRegister src);

   void movq(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void movsbl(Register dst, Address src);

   void movsbl(Register dst, Register src);

 #ifdef _LP64

   // Move signed 32bit immediate to 64bit extending sign

   void movslq(Address dst, int32_t imm64);

   void movslq(Register dst, int32_t imm64);

   void movslq(Register dst, Address src);

   void movslq(Register dst, Register src);

   void movslq(Register dst, void* src); // Dummy declaration to cause NULL to be ambiguous

 #endif

   void movswl(Register dst, Address src);

   void movswl(Register dst, Register src);

   void movw(Address dst, int imm16);

   void movw(Register dst, Address src);

   void movw(Address dst, Register src);

   void movzbl(Register dst, Address src);

   void movzbl(Register dst, Register src);

   void movzwl(Register dst, Address src);

   void movzwl(Register dst, Register src);

   void mull(Address src);

   void mull(Register src);

   // Multiply Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void mulsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void mulsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Multiply Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void mulss(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void mulss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void negl(Register dst);

 #ifdef _LP64

   void negq(Register dst);

 #endif

   void nop(int i = 1);

   void notl(Register dst);

 #ifdef _LP64

   void notq(Register dst);

 #endif

   void orl(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void orl(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void orl(Register dst, Address src);

   void orl(Register dst, Register src);

   void orq(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void orq(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void orq(Register dst, Address src);

   void orq(Register dst, Register src);

   void popl(Address dst);

 #ifdef _LP64

   void popq(Address dst);

 #endif

   // Prefetches (SSE, SSE2, 3DNOW only)

   void prefetchnta(Address src);

   void prefetchr(Address src);

   void prefetcht0(Address src);

   void prefetcht1(Address src);

   void prefetcht2(Address src);

   void prefetchw(Address src);

   // Shuffle Packed Doublewords

   void pshufd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int mode);

   void pshufd(XMMRegister dst, Address src,     int mode);

   // Shuffle Packed Low Words

   void pshuflw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int mode);

   void pshuflw(XMMRegister dst, Address src,     int mode);

   // Shift Right Logical Quadword Immediate

   void psrlq(XMMRegister dst, int shift);

   // Interleave Low Bytes

   void punpcklbw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void pushl(Address src);

   void pushq(Address src);

   // Xor Packed Byte Integer Values

   void pxor(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void pxor(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void rcll(Register dst, int imm8);

   void rclq(Register dst, int imm8);

   void ret(int imm16);

   void sahf();

   void sarl(Register dst, int imm8);

   void sarl(Register dst);

   void sarq(Register dst, int imm8);

   void sarq(Register dst);

   void sbbl(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void sbbl(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void sbbl(Register dst, Address src);

   void sbbl(Register dst, Register src);

   void sbbq(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void sbbq(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void sbbq(Register dst, Address src);

   void sbbq(Register dst, Register src);

   void setb(Condition cc, Register dst);

   void shldl(Register dst, Register src);

   void shll(Register dst, int imm8);

   void shll(Register dst);

   void shlq(Register dst, int imm8);

   void shlq(Register dst);

   void shrdl(Register dst, Register src);

   void shrl(Register dst, int imm8);

   void shrl(Register dst);

   void shrq(Register dst, int imm8);

   void shrq(Register dst);

   void smovl(); // QQQ generic?

   // Compute Square Root of Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Value

   void sqrtsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void sqrtsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void std() { emit_byte(0xfd); }

   void stmxcsr( Address dst );

   void subl(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void subl(Address dst, Register src);

   void subl(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void subl(Register dst, Address src);

   void subl(Register dst, Register src);

   void subq(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void subq(Address dst, Register src);

   void subq(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void subq(Register dst, Address src);

   void subq(Register dst, Register src);

   // Subtract Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void subsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void subsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Subtract Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void subss(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void subss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void testb(Register dst, int imm8);

   void testl(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void testl(Register dst, Register src);

   void testl(Register dst, Address src);

   void testq(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void testq(Register dst, Register src);

   // Unordered Compare Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Values and set EFLAGS

   void ucomisd(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void ucomisd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Unordered Compare Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Values and set EFLAGS

   void ucomiss(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void ucomiss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void xaddl(Address dst, Register src);

   void xaddq(Address dst, Register src);

   void xchgl(Register reg, Address adr);

   void xchgl(Register dst, Register src);

   void xchgq(Register reg, Address adr);

   void xchgq(Register dst, Register src);

   void xorl(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

   void xorl(Register dst, Address src);

   void xorl(Register dst, Register src);

   void xorq(Register dst, Address src);

   void xorq(Register dst, Register src);

   // Bitwise Logical XOR of Packed Double-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void xorpd(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void xorpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   // Bitwise Logical XOR of Packed Single-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void xorps(XMMRegister dst, Address src);

   void xorps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);

   void set_byte_if_not_zero(Register dst); // sets reg to 1 if not zero, otherwise 0

 };

 // MacroAssembler extends Assembler by frequently used macros.

 //

 // Instructions for which a 'better' code sequence exists depending

 // on arguments should also go in here.

 class MacroAssembler: public Assembler {

   friend class LIR_Assembler;

   friend class Runtime1;      // as_Address()

  protected:

   Address as_Address(AddressLiteral adr);

   Address as_Address(ArrayAddress adr);

   // Support for VM calls

   //

   // This is the base routine called by the different versions of call_VM_leaf. The interpreter

   // may customize this version by overriding it for its purposes (e.g., to save/restore

   // additional registers when doing a VM call).

 #ifdef CC_INTERP

   // c++ interpreter never wants to use interp_masm version of call_VM

   #define VIRTUAL

 #else

   #define VIRTUAL virtual

 #endif

   VIRTUAL void call_VM_leaf_base(

     address entry_point,               // the entry point

     int     number_of_arguments        // the number of arguments to pop after the call

   );

   // This is the base routine called by the different versions of call_VM. The interpreter

   // may customize this version by overriding it for its purposes (e.g., to save/restore

   // additional registers when doing a VM call).

   //

   // If no java_thread register is specified (noreg) than rdi will be used instead. call_VM_base

   // returns the register which contains the thread upon return. If a thread register has been

   // specified, the return value will correspond to that register. If no last_java_sp is specified

   // (noreg) than rsp will be used instead.

   VIRTUAL void call_VM_base(           // returns the register containing the thread upon return

     Register oop_result,               // where an oop-result ends up if any; use noreg otherwise

     Register java_thread,              // the thread if computed before     ; use noreg otherwise

     Register last_java_sp,             // to set up last_Java_frame in stubs; use noreg otherwise

     address  entry_point,              // the entry point

     int      number_of_arguments,      // the number of arguments (w/o thread) to pop after the call

     bool     check_exceptions          // whether to check for pending exceptions after return

   );

   // These routines should emit JVMTI PopFrame and ForceEarlyReturn handling code.

   // The implementation is only non-empty for the InterpreterMacroAssembler,

   // as only the interpreter handles PopFrame and ForceEarlyReturn requests.

   virtual void check_and_handle_popframe(Register java_thread);

   virtual void check_and_handle_earlyret(Register java_thread);

   void call_VM_helper(Register oop_result, address entry_point, int number_of_arguments, bool check_exceptions = true);

   // helpers for FPU flag access

   // tmp is a temporary register, if none is available use noreg

   void save_rax   (Register tmp);

   void restore_rax(Register tmp);

  public:

   MacroAssembler(CodeBuffer* code) : Assembler(code) {}

   // Support for NULL-checks

   //

   // Generates code that causes a NULL OS exception if the content of reg is NULL.

   // If the accessed location is M[reg + offset] and the offset is known, provide the

   // offset. No explicit code generation is needed if the offset is within a certain

   // range (0 <= offset <= page_size).

   void null_check(Register reg, int offset = -1);

   static bool needs_explicit_null_check(intptr_t offset);

   // Required platform-specific helpers for Label::patch_instructions.

   // They _shadow_ the declarations in AbstractAssembler, which are undefined.

   void pd_patch_instruction(address branch, address target);

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   static void pd_print_patched_instruction(address branch);

 #endif

   // The following 4 methods return the offset of the appropriate move instruction

   // Support for fast byte/short loading with zero extension (depending on particular CPU)

   int load_unsigned_byte(Register dst, Address src);

   int load_unsigned_short(Register dst, Address src);

   // Support for fast byte/short loading with sign extension (depending on particular CPU)

   int load_signed_byte(Register dst, Address src);

   int load_signed_short(Register dst, Address src);

   // Support for sign-extension (hi:lo = extend_sign(lo))

   void extend_sign(Register hi, Register lo);

   // Loading values by size and signed-ness

   void load_sized_value(Register dst, Address src, int size_in_bytes, bool is_signed);

   // Support for inc/dec with optimal instruction selection depending on value

   void increment(Register reg, int value = 1) { LP64_ONLY(incrementq(reg, value)) NOT_LP64(incrementl(reg, value)) ; }

   void decrement(Register reg, int value = 1) { LP64_ONLY(decrementq(reg, value)) NOT_LP64(decrementl(reg, value)) ; }

   void decrementl(Address dst, int value = 1);

   void decrementl(Register reg, int value = 1);

   void decrementq(Register reg, int value = 1);

   void decrementq(Address dst, int value = 1);

   void incrementl(Address dst, int value = 1);

   void incrementl(Register reg, int value = 1);

   void incrementq(Register reg, int value = 1);

   void incrementq(Address dst, int value = 1);

   // Support optimal SSE move instructions.

   void movflt(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {

     if (UseXmmRegToRegMoveAll) { movaps(dst, src); return; }

     else                       { movss (dst, src); return; }

   }

   void movflt(XMMRegister dst, Address src) { movss(dst, src); }

   void movflt(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

   void movflt(Address dst, XMMRegister src) { movss(dst, src); }

   void movdbl(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {

     if (UseXmmRegToRegMoveAll) { movapd(dst, src); return; }

     else                       { movsd (dst, src); return; }

   }

   void movdbl(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

   void movdbl(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {

     if (UseXmmLoadAndClearUpper) { movsd (dst, src); return; }

     else                         { movlpd(dst, src); return; }

   }

   void movdbl(Address dst, XMMRegister src) { movsd(dst, src); }

   void incrementl(AddressLiteral dst);

   void incrementl(ArrayAddress dst);

   // Alignment

   void align(int modulus);

   // Misc

   void fat_nop(); // 5 byte nop

   // Stack frame creation/removal

   void enter();

   void leave();

   // Support for getting the JavaThread pointer (i.e.; a reference to thread-local information)

   // The pointer will be loaded into the thread register.

   void get_thread(Register thread);

   // Support for VM calls

   //

   // It is imperative that all calls into the VM are handled via the call_VM macros.

   // They make sure that the stack linkage is setup correctly. call_VM's correspond

   // to ENTRY/ENTRY_X entry points while call_VM_leaf's correspond to LEAF entry points.

   void call_VM(Register oop_result,

                address entry_point,

                bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result,

                address entry_point,

                Register arg_1,

                bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result,

                address entry_point,

                Register arg_1, Register arg_2,

                bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result,

                address entry_point,

                Register arg_1, Register arg_2, Register arg_3,

                bool check_exceptions = true);

   // Overloadings with last_Java_sp

   void call_VM(Register oop_result,

                Register last_java_sp,

                address entry_point,

                int number_of_arguments = 0,

                bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result,

                Register last_java_sp,

                address entry_point,

                Register arg_1, bool

                check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result,

                Register last_java_sp,

                address entry_point,

                Register arg_1, Register arg_2,

                bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result,

                Register last_java_sp,

                address entry_point,

                Register arg_1, Register arg_2, Register arg_3,

                bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM_leaf(address entry_point,

                     int number_of_arguments = 0);

   void call_VM_leaf(address entry_point,

                     Register arg_1);

   void call_VM_leaf(address entry_point,

                     Register arg_1, Register arg_2);

   void call_VM_leaf(address entry_point,

                     Register arg_1, Register arg_2, Register arg_3);

   // last Java Frame (fills frame anchor)

   void set_last_Java_frame(Register thread,

                            Register last_java_sp,

                            Register last_java_fp,

                            address last_java_pc);

   // thread in the default location (r15_thread on 64bit)

   void set_last_Java_frame(Register last_java_sp,

                            Register last_java_fp,

                            address last_java_pc);

   void reset_last_Java_frame(Register thread, bool clear_fp, bool clear_pc);

   // thread in the default location (r15_thread on 64bit)

   void reset_last_Java_frame(bool clear_fp, bool clear_pc);

   // Stores

   void store_check(Register obj);                // store check for obj - register is destroyed afterwards

   void store_check(Register obj, Address dst);   // same as above, dst is exact store location (reg. is destroyed)

   void g1_write_barrier_pre(Register obj,

 #ifndef _LP64

                             Register thread,

 #endif

                             Register tmp,

                             Register tmp2,

                             bool     tosca_live);

   void g1_write_barrier_post(Register store_addr,

                              Register new_val,

 #ifndef _LP64

                              Register thread,

 #endif

                              Register tmp,

                              Register tmp2);

   // split store_check(Register obj) to enhance instruction interleaving

   void store_check_part_1(Register obj);

   void store_check_part_2(Register obj);

   // C 'boolean' to Java boolean: x == 0 ? 0 : 1

   void c2bool(Register x);

   // C++ bool manipulation

   void movbool(Register dst, Address src);

   void movbool(Address dst, bool boolconst);

   void movbool(Address dst, Register src);

   void testbool(Register dst);

   // oop manipulations

   void load_klass(Register dst, Register src);

   void store_klass(Register dst, Register src);

   void load_prototype_header(Register dst, Register src);

 #ifdef _LP64

   void store_klass_gap(Register dst, Register src);

   void load_heap_oop(Register dst, Address src);

   void store_heap_oop(Address dst, Register src);

   void encode_heap_oop(Register r);

   void decode_heap_oop(Register r);

   void encode_heap_oop_not_null(Register r);

   void decode_heap_oop_not_null(Register r);

   void encode_heap_oop_not_null(Register dst, Register src);

   void decode_heap_oop_not_null(Register dst, Register src);

   void set_narrow_oop(Register dst, jobject obj);

   // if heap base register is used - reinit it with the correct value

   void reinit_heapbase();

 #endif // _LP64

   // Int division/remainder for Java

   // (as idivl, but checks for special case as described in JVM spec.)

   // returns idivl instruction offset for implicit exception handling

   int corrected_idivl(Register reg);

   // Long division/remainder for Java

   // (as idivq, but checks for special case as described in JVM spec.)

   // returns idivq instruction offset for implicit exception handling

   int corrected_idivq(Register reg);

   void int3();

   // Long operation macros for a 32bit cpu

   // Long negation for Java

   void lneg(Register hi, Register lo);

   // Long multiplication for Java

   // (destroys contents of eax, ebx, ecx and edx)

   void lmul(int x_rsp_offset, int y_rsp_offset); // rdx:rax = x * y

   // Long shifts for Java

   // (semantics as described in JVM spec.)

   void lshl(Register hi, Register lo);                               // hi:lo << (rcx & 0x3f)

   void lshr(Register hi, Register lo, bool sign_extension = false);  // hi:lo >> (rcx & 0x3f)

   // Long compare for Java

   // (semantics as described in JVM spec.)

   void lcmp2int(Register x_hi, Register x_lo, Register y_hi, Register y_lo); // x_hi = lcmp(x, y)

   // misc

   // Sign extension

   void sign_extend_short(Register reg);

   void sign_extend_byte(Register reg);

   // Division by power of 2, rounding towards 0

   void division_with_shift(Register reg, int shift_value);

   // Compares the top-most stack entries on the FPU stack and sets the eflags as follows:

   //

   // CF (corresponds to C0) if x < y

   // PF (corresponds to C2) if unordered

   // ZF (corresponds to C3) if x = y

   //

   // The arguments are in reversed order on the stack (i.e., top of stack is first argument).

   // tmp is a temporary register, if none is available use noreg (only matters for non-P6 code)

   void fcmp(Register tmp);

   // Variant of the above which allows y to be further down the stack

   // and which only pops x and y if specified. If pop_right is

   // specified then pop_left must also be specified.

   void fcmp(Register tmp, int index, bool pop_left, bool pop_right);

   // Floating-point comparison for Java

   // Compares the top-most stack entries on the FPU stack and stores the result in dst.

   // The arguments are in reversed order on the stack (i.e., top of stack is first argument).

   // (semantics as described in JVM spec.)

   void fcmp2int(Register dst, bool unordered_is_less);

   // Variant of the above which allows y to be further down the stack

   // and which only pops x and y if specified. If pop_right is

   // specified then pop_left must also be specified.

   void fcmp2int(Register dst, bool unordered_is_less, int index, bool pop_left, bool pop_right);

   // Floating-point remainder for Java (ST0 = ST0 fremr ST1, ST1 is empty afterwards)

   // tmp is a temporary register, if none is available use noreg

   void fremr(Register tmp);

   // same as fcmp2int, but using SSE2

   void cmpss2int(XMMRegister opr1, XMMRegister opr2, Register dst, bool unordered_is_less);

   void cmpsd2int(XMMRegister opr1, XMMRegister opr2, Register dst, bool unordered_is_less);

   // Inlined sin/cos generator for Java; must not use CPU instruction

   // directly on Intel as it does not have high enough precision

   // outside of the range [-pi/4, pi/4]. Extra argument indicate the

   // number of FPU stack slots in use; all but the topmost will

   // require saving if a slow case is necessary. Assumes argument is

   // on FP TOS; result is on FP TOS.  No cpu registers are changed by

   // this code.

   void trigfunc(char trig, int num_fpu_regs_in_use = 1);

   // branch to L if FPU flag C2 is set/not set

   // tmp is a temporary register, if none is available use noreg

   void jC2 (Register tmp, Label& L);

   void jnC2(Register tmp, Label& L);

   // Pop ST (ffree & fincstp combined)

   void fpop();

   // pushes double TOS element of FPU stack on CPU stack; pops from FPU stack

   void push_fTOS();

   // pops double TOS element from CPU stack and pushes on FPU stack

   void pop_fTOS();

   void empty_FPU_stack();

   void push_IU_state();

   void pop_IU_state();

   void push_FPU_state();

   void pop_FPU_state();

   void push_CPU_state();

   void pop_CPU_state();

   // Round up to a power of two

   void round_to(Register reg, int modulus);

   // Callee saved registers handling

   void push_callee_saved_registers();

   void pop_callee_saved_registers();

   // allocation

   void eden_allocate(

     Register obj,                      // result: pointer to object after successful allocation

     Register var_size_in_bytes,        // object size in bytes if unknown at compile time; invalid otherwise

     int      con_size_in_bytes,        // object size in bytes if   known at compile time

     Register t1,                       // temp register

     Label&   slow_case                 // continuation point if fast allocation fails

   );

   void tlab_allocate(

     Register obj,                      // result: pointer to object after successful allocation

     Register var_size_in_bytes,        // object size in bytes if unknown at compile time; invalid otherwise

     int      con_size_in_bytes,        // object size in bytes if   known at compile time

     Register t1,                       // temp register

     Register t2,                       // temp register

     Label&   slow_case                 // continuation point if fast allocation fails

   );

   void tlab_refill(Label& retry_tlab, Label& try_eden, Label& slow_case);

   // interface method calling

   void lookup_interface_method(Register recv_klass,

                                Register intf_klass,

                                RegisterConstant itable_index,

                                Register method_result,

                                Register scan_temp,

                                Label& no_such_interface);

   //----

   void set_word_if_not_zero(Register reg); // sets reg to 1 if not zero, otherwise 0

   // Debugging

   // only if +VerifyOops

   void verify_oop(Register reg, const char* s = "broken oop");

   void verify_oop_addr(Address addr, const char * s = "broken oop addr");

   // only if +VerifyFPU

   void verify_FPU(int stack_depth, const char* s = "illegal FPU state");

   // prints msg, dumps registers and stops execution

   void stop(const char* msg);

   // prints msg and continues

   void warn(const char* msg);

   static void debug32(int rdi, int rsi, int rbp, int rsp, int rbx, int rdx, int rcx, int rax, int eip, char* msg);

   static void debug64(char* msg, int64_t pc, int64_t regs[]);

   void os_breakpoint();

   void untested()                                { stop("untested"); }

   void unimplemented(const char* what = "")      { char* b = new char[1024];  jio_snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "unimplemented: %s", what);  stop(b); }

   void should_not_reach_here()                   { stop("should not reach here"); }

   void print_CPU_state();

   // Stack overflow checking

   void bang_stack_with_offset(int offset) {

     // stack grows down, caller passes positive offset

     assert(offset > 0, "must bang with negative offset");

     movl(Address(rsp, (-offset)), rax);

   }

   // Writes to stack successive pages until offset reached to check for

   // stack overflow + shadow pages.  Also, clobbers tmp

   void bang_stack_size(Register size, Register tmp);

   virtual RegisterConstant delayed_value(intptr_t* delayed_value_addr,

                                          Register tmp,

                                          int offset);

   // Support for serializing memory accesses between threads

   void serialize_memory(Register thread, Register tmp);

   void verify_tlab();

   // Biased locking support

   // lock_reg and obj_reg must be loaded up with the appropriate values.

   // swap_reg must be rax, and is killed.

   // tmp_reg is optional. If it is supplied (i.e., != noreg) it will

   // be killed; if not supplied, push/pop will be used internally to

   // allocate a temporary (inefficient, avoid if possible).

   // Optional slow case is for implementations (interpreter and C1) which branch to

   // slow case directly. Leaves condition codes set for C2's Fast_Lock node.

   // Returns offset of first potentially-faulting instruction for null

   // check info (currently consumed only by C1). If

   // swap_reg_contains_mark is true then returns -1 as it is assumed

   // the calling code has already passed any potential faults.

   int biased_locking_enter(Register lock_reg, Register obj_reg,

                            Register swap_reg, Register tmp_reg,

                            bool swap_reg_contains_mark,

                            Label& done, Label* slow_case = NULL,

                            BiasedLockingCounters* counters = NULL);

   void biased_locking_exit (Register obj_reg, Register temp_reg, Label& done);

   Condition negate_condition(Condition cond);

   // Instructions that use AddressLiteral operands. These instruction can handle 32bit/64bit

   // operands. In general the names are modified to avoid hiding the instruction in Assembler

   // so that we don't need to implement all the varieties in the Assembler with trivial wrappers

   // here in MacroAssembler. The major exception to this rule is call

   // Arithmetics

   void addptr(Address dst, int32_t src) { LP64_ONLY(addq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(addl(dst, src)) ; }

   void addptr(Address dst, Register src);

   void addptr(Register dst, Address src) { LP64_ONLY(addq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(addl(dst, src)); }

   void addptr(Register dst, int32_t src);

   void addptr(Register dst, Register src);

   void andptr(Register dst, int32_t src);

   void andptr(Register src1, Register src2) { LP64_ONLY(andq(src1, src2)) NOT_LP64(andl(src1, src2)) ; }

   void cmp8(AddressLiteral src1, int imm);

   // renamed to drag out the casting of address to int32_t/intptr_t

   void cmp32(Register src1, int32_t imm);

   void cmp32(AddressLiteral src1, int32_t imm);

   // compare reg - mem, or reg - &mem

   void cmp32(Register src1, AddressLiteral src2);

   void cmp32(Register src1, Address src2);

 #ifndef _LP64

   void cmpoop(Address dst, jobject obj);

   void cmpoop(Register dst, jobject obj);

 #endif // _LP64

   // NOTE src2 must be the lval. This is NOT an mem-mem compare

   void cmpptr(Address src1, AddressLiteral src2);

   void cmpptr(Register src1, AddressLiteral src2);

   void cmpptr(Register src1, Register src2) { LP64_ONLY(cmpq(src1, src2)) NOT_LP64(cmpl(src1, src2)) ; }

   void cmpptr(Register src1, Address src2) { LP64_ONLY(cmpq(src1, src2)) NOT_LP64(cmpl(src1, src2)) ; }

   // void cmpptr(Address src1, Register src2) { LP64_ONLY(cmpq(src1, src2)) NOT_LP64(cmpl(src1, src2)) ; }

   void cmpptr(Register src1, int32_t src2) { LP64_ONLY(cmpq(src1, src2)) NOT_LP64(cmpl(src1, src2)) ; }

   void cmpptr(Address src1, int32_t src2) { LP64_ONLY(cmpq(src1, src2)) NOT_LP64(cmpl(src1, src2)) ; }

   // cmp64 to avoild hiding cmpq

   void cmp64(Register src1, AddressLiteral src);

   void cmpxchgptr(Register reg, Address adr);

   void locked_cmpxchgptr(Register reg, AddressLiteral adr);

   void imulptr(Register dst, Register src) { LP64_ONLY(imulq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(imull(dst, src)); }

   void negptr(Register dst) { LP64_ONLY(negq(dst)) NOT_LP64(negl(dst)); }

   void notptr(Register dst) { LP64_ONLY(notq(dst)) NOT_LP64(notl(dst)); }

   void shlptr(Register dst, int32_t shift);

   void shlptr(Register dst) { LP64_ONLY(shlq(dst)) NOT_LP64(shll(dst)); }

   void shrptr(Register dst, int32_t shift);

   void shrptr(Register dst) { LP64_ONLY(shrq(dst)) NOT_LP64(shrl(dst)); }

   void sarptr(Register dst) { LP64_ONLY(sarq(dst)) NOT_LP64(sarl(dst)); }

   void sarptr(Register dst, int32_t src) { LP64_ONLY(sarq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(sarl(dst, src)); }

   void subptr(Address dst, int32_t src) { LP64_ONLY(subq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(subl(dst, src)); }

   void subptr(Register dst, Address src) { LP64_ONLY(subq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(subl(dst, src)); }

   void subptr(Register dst, int32_t src);

   void subptr(Register dst, Register src);

   void sbbptr(Address dst, int32_t src) { LP64_ONLY(sbbq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(sbbl(dst, src)); }

   void sbbptr(Register dst, int32_t src) { LP64_ONLY(sbbq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(sbbl(dst, src)); }

   void xchgptr(Register src1, Register src2) { LP64_ONLY(xchgq(src1, src2)) NOT_LP64(xchgl(src1, src2)) ; }

   void xchgptr(Register src1, Address src2) { LP64_ONLY(xchgq(src1, src2)) NOT_LP64(xchgl(src1, src2)) ; }

   void xaddptr(Address src1, Register src2) { LP64_ONLY(xaddq(src1, src2)) NOT_LP64(xaddl(src1, src2)) ; }

   // Helper functions for statistics gathering.

   // Conditionally (atomically, on MPs) increments passed counter address, preserving condition codes.

   void cond_inc32(Condition cond, AddressLiteral counter_addr);

   // Unconditional atomic increment.

   void atomic_incl(AddressLiteral counter_addr);

   void lea(Register dst, AddressLiteral adr);

   void lea(Address dst, AddressLiteral adr);

   void lea(Register dst, Address adr) { Assembler::lea(dst, adr); }

   void leal32(Register dst, Address src) { leal(dst, src); }

   void test32(Register src1, AddressLiteral src2);

   void orptr(Register dst, Address src) { LP64_ONLY(orq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(orl(dst, src)); }

   void orptr(Register dst, Register src) { LP64_ONLY(orq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(orl(dst, src)); }

   void orptr(Register dst, int32_t src) { LP64_ONLY(orq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(orl(dst, src)); }

   void testptr(Register src, int32_t imm32) {  LP64_ONLY(testq(src, imm32)) NOT_LP64(testl(src, imm32)); }

   void testptr(Register src1, Register src2);

   void xorptr(Register dst, Register src) { LP64_ONLY(xorq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(xorl(dst, src)); }

   void xorptr(Register dst, Address src) { LP64_ONLY(xorq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(xorl(dst, src)); }

   // Calls

   void call(Label& L, relocInfo::relocType rtype);

   void call(Register entry);

   // NOTE: this call tranfers to the effective address of entry NOT

   // the address contained by entry. This is because this is more natural

   // for jumps/calls.

   void call(AddressLiteral entry);

   // Jumps

   // NOTE: these jumps tranfer to the effective address of dst NOT

   // the address contained by dst. This is because this is more natural

   // for jumps/calls.

   void jump(AddressLiteral dst);

   void jump_cc(Condition cc, AddressLiteral dst);

   // 32bit can do a case table jump in one instruction but we no longer allow the base

   // to be installed in the Address class. This jump will tranfers to the address

   // contained in the location described by entry (not the address of entry)

   void jump(ArrayAddress entry);

   // Floating

   void andpd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) { Assembler::andpd(dst, src); }

   void andpd(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

   void comiss(XMMRegister dst, Address src) { Assembler::comiss(dst, src); }

   void comiss(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

   void comisd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) { Assembler::comisd(dst, src); }

   void comisd(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

   void fldcw(Address src) { Assembler::fldcw(src); }

   void fldcw(AddressLiteral src);

   void fld_s(int index)   { Assembler::fld_s(index); }

   void fld_s(Address src) { Assembler::fld_s(src); }

   void fld_s(AddressLiteral src);

   void fld_d(Address src) { Assembler::fld_d(src); }

   void fld_d(AddressLiteral src);

   void fld_x(Address src) { Assembler::fld_x(src); }

   void fld_x(AddressLiteral src);

   void ldmxcsr(Address src) { Assembler::ldmxcsr(src); }

   void ldmxcsr(AddressLiteral src);

 private:

   // these are private because users should be doing movflt/movdbl

   void movss(Address dst, XMMRegister src)     { Assembler::movss(dst, src); }

   void movss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) { Assembler::movss(dst, src); }

   void movss(XMMRegister dst, Address src)     { Assembler::movss(dst, src); }

   void movss(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

   void movlpd(XMMRegister dst, Address src)      {Assembler::movlpd(dst, src); }

   void movlpd(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

 public:

   void movsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) { Assembler::movsd(dst, src); }

   void movsd(Address dst, XMMRegister src)     { Assembler::movsd(dst, src); }

   void movsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src)     { Assembler::movsd(dst, src); }

   void movsd(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

   void ucomiss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) { Assembler::ucomiss(dst, src); }

   void ucomiss(XMMRegister dst, Address src) { Assembler::ucomiss(dst, src); }

   void ucomiss(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

   void ucomisd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) { Assembler::ucomisd(dst, src); }

   void ucomisd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) { Assembler::ucomisd(dst, src); }

   void ucomisd(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

   // Bitwise Logical XOR of Packed Double-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void xorpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) { Assembler::xorpd(dst, src); }

   void xorpd(XMMRegister dst, Address src)     { Assembler::xorpd(dst, src); }

   void xorpd(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

   // Bitwise Logical XOR of Packed Single-Precision Floating-Point Values

   void xorps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) { Assembler::xorps(dst, src); }

   void xorps(XMMRegister dst, Address src)     { Assembler::xorps(dst, src); }

   void xorps(XMMRegister dst, AddressLiteral src);

   // Data

   void cmov(Condition cc, Register dst, Register src) { LP64_ONLY(cmovq(cc, dst, src)) NOT_LP64(cmovl(cc, dst, src)); }

   void cmovptr(Condition cc, Register dst, Address src) { LP64_ONLY(cmovq(cc, dst, src)) NOT_LP64(cmovl(cc, dst, src)); }

   void cmovptr(Condition cc, Register dst, Register src) { LP64_ONLY(cmovq(cc, dst, src)) NOT_LP64(cmovl(cc, dst, src)); }

   void movoop(Register dst, jobject obj);

   void movoop(Address dst, jobject obj);

   void movptr(ArrayAddress dst, Register src);

   // can this do an lea?

   void movptr(Register dst, ArrayAddress src);

   void movptr(Register dst, Address src);

   void movptr(Register dst, AddressLiteral src);

   void movptr(Register dst, intptr_t src);

   void movptr(Register dst, Register src);

   void movptr(Address dst, intptr_t src);

   void movptr(Address dst, Register src);

 #ifdef _LP64

   // Generally the next two are only used for moving NULL

   // Although there are situations in initializing the mark word where

   // they could be used. They are dangerous.

   // They only exist on LP64 so that int32_t and intptr_t are not the same

   // and we have ambiguous declarations.

   void movptr(Address dst, int32_t imm32);

   void movptr(Register dst, int32_t imm32);

 #endif // _LP64

   // to avoid hiding movl

   void mov32(AddressLiteral dst, Register src);

   void mov32(Register dst, AddressLiteral src);

   // to avoid hiding movb

   void movbyte(ArrayAddress dst, int src);

   // Can push value or effective address

   void pushptr(AddressLiteral src);

   void pushptr(Address src) { LP64_ONLY(pushq(src)) NOT_LP64(pushl(src)); }

   void popptr(Address src) { LP64_ONLY(popq(src)) NOT_LP64(popl(src)); }

   void pushoop(jobject obj);

   // sign extend as need a l to ptr sized element

   void movl2ptr(Register dst, Address src) { LP64_ONLY(movslq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(movl(dst, src)); }

   void movl2ptr(Register dst, Register src) { LP64_ONLY(movslq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(if (dst != src) movl(dst, src)); }

 #undef VIRTUAL

 };

 /**

  * class SkipIfEqual:

  *

  * Instantiating this class will result in assembly code being output that will

  * jump around any code emitted between the creation of the instance and it's

  * automatic destruction at the end of a scope block, depending on the value of

  * the flag passed to the constructor, which will be checked at run-time.

  */

 class SkipIfEqual {

  private:

   MacroAssembler* _masm;

   Label _label;

  public:

    SkipIfEqual(MacroAssembler*, const bool* flag_addr, bool value);

    ~SkipIfEqual();

 };

 #ifdef ASSERT

 inline bool AbstractAssembler::pd_check_instruction_mark() { return true; }

 #endif