jdk8-mips64-public/hotspot: src/cpu/ppc/vm/assembler

src/cpu/ppc/vm/assembler_ppc.hpp@69f33959c27f (annotated)

src/cpu/ppc/vm/assembler_ppc.hpp

Sun, 26 May 2019 21:02:55 -0400

author: gromero
date: Sun, 26 May 2019 21:02:55 -0400
changeset 9684: 69f33959c27f
parent 9662: 6eedcffa129d
child 9687: 846245a33793
permissions: -rw-r--r--

8166684: PPC64: implement intrinsic code with vector instructions for Unsafe.copyMemory()
Reviewed-by: simonis, mdoerr
Contributed-by: Michihiro Horie <horie@jp.ibm.com>

 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2002, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2018, SAP SE. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  *
  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  * accompanied this code).
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  *
  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  * questions.
  *
  */
 #ifndef CPU_PPC_VM_ASSEMBLER_PPC_HPP
 #define CPU_PPC_VM_ASSEMBLER_PPC_HPP
 #include "asm/register.hpp"
 // Address is an abstraction used to represent a memory location
 // as used in assembler instructions.
 // PPC instructions grok either baseReg + indexReg or baseReg + disp.
 // So far we do not use this as simplification by this class is low
 // on PPC with its simple addressing mode. Use RegisterOrConstant to
 // represent an offset.
 class Address VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
 };
 class AddressLiteral VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
  private:
   address          _address;
   RelocationHolder _rspec;
   RelocationHolder rspec_from_rtype(relocInfo::relocType rtype, address addr) {
     switch (rtype) {
     case relocInfo::external_word_type:
       return external_word_Relocation::spec(addr);
     case relocInfo::internal_word_type:
       return internal_word_Relocation::spec(addr);
     case relocInfo::opt_virtual_call_type:
       return opt_virtual_call_Relocation::spec();
     case relocInfo::static_call_type:
       return static_call_Relocation::spec();
     case relocInfo::runtime_call_type:
       return runtime_call_Relocation::spec();
     case relocInfo::none:
       return RelocationHolder();
     default:
       ShouldNotReachHere();
       return RelocationHolder();
     }
   }
  protected:
   // creation
   AddressLiteral() : _address(NULL), _rspec(NULL) {}
  public:
   AddressLiteral(address addr, RelocationHolder const& rspec)
     : _address(addr),
       _rspec(rspec) {}
   AddressLiteral(address addr, relocInfo::relocType rtype = relocInfo::none)
     : _address((address) addr),
       _rspec(rspec_from_rtype(rtype, (address) addr)) {}
   AddressLiteral(oop* addr, relocInfo::relocType rtype = relocInfo::none)
     : _address((address) addr),
       _rspec(rspec_from_rtype(rtype, (address) addr)) {}
   intptr_t value() const { return (intptr_t) _address; }
   const RelocationHolder& rspec() const { return _rspec; }
 };
 // Argument is an abstraction used to represent an outgoing
 // actual argument or an incoming formal parameter, whether
 // it resides in memory or in a register, in a manner consistent
 // with the PPC Application Binary Interface, or ABI. This is
 // often referred to as the native or C calling convention.
 class Argument VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
  private:
   int _number;  // The number of the argument.
  public:
   enum {
     // Only 8 registers may contain integer parameters.
     n_register_parameters = 8,
     // Can have up to 8 floating registers.
     n_float_register_parameters = 8,
     // PPC C calling conventions.
     // The first eight arguments are passed in int regs if they are int.
     n_int_register_parameters_c = 8,
     // The first thirteen float arguments are passed in float regs.
     n_float_register_parameters_c = 13,
     // Only the first 8 parameters are not placed on the stack. Aix disassembly
     // shows that xlC places all float args after argument 8 on the stack AND
     // in a register. This is not documented, but we follow this convention, too.
     n_regs_not_on_stack_c = 8,
   };
   // creation
   Argument(int number) : _number(number) {}
   int  number() const { return _number; }
   // Locating register-based arguments:
   bool is_register() const { return _number < n_register_parameters; }
   Register as_register() const {
     assert(is_register(), "must be a register argument");
     return as_Register(number() + R3_ARG1->encoding());
   }
 };
 #if !defined(ABI_ELFv2)
 // A ppc64 function descriptor.
 struct FunctionDescriptor VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
  private:
   address _entry;
   address _toc;
   address _env;
  public:
   inline address entry() const { return _entry; }
   inline address toc()   const { return _toc; }
   inline address env()   const { return _env; }
   inline void set_entry(address entry) { _entry = entry; }
   inline void set_toc(  address toc)   { _toc   = toc; }
   inline void set_env(  address env)   { _env   = env; }
   inline static ByteSize entry_offset() { return byte_offset_of(FunctionDescriptor, _entry); }
   inline static ByteSize toc_offset()   { return byte_offset_of(FunctionDescriptor, _toc); }
   inline static ByteSize env_offset()   { return byte_offset_of(FunctionDescriptor, _env); }
   // Friend functions can be called without loading toc and env.
   enum {
     friend_toc = 0xcafe,
     friend_env = 0xc0de
   };
   inline bool is_friend_function() const {
     return (toc() == (address) friend_toc) && (env() == (address) friend_env);
   }
   // Constructor for stack-allocated instances.
   FunctionDescriptor() {
     _entry = (address) 0xbad;
     _toc   = (address) 0xbad;
     _env   = (address) 0xbad;
   }
 };
 #endif
 class Assembler : public AbstractAssembler {
  protected:
   // Displacement routines
   static void print_instruction(int inst);
   static int  patched_branch(int dest_pos, int inst, int inst_pos);
   static int  branch_destination(int inst, int pos);
   friend class AbstractAssembler;
   // Code patchers need various routines like inv_wdisp()
   friend class NativeInstruction;
   friend class NativeGeneralJump;
   friend class Relocation;
  public:
   enum shifts {
     XO_21_29_SHIFT = 2,
     XO_21_30_SHIFT = 1,
     XO_27_29_SHIFT = 2,
     XO_30_31_SHIFT = 0,
     SPR_5_9_SHIFT  = 11u, // SPR_5_9 field in bits 11 -- 15
     SPR_0_4_SHIFT  = 16u, // SPR_0_4 field in bits 16 -- 20
     RS_SHIFT       = 21u, // RS field in bits 21 -- 25
     OPCODE_SHIFT   = 26u, // opcode in bits 26 -- 31
   };
   enum opcdxos_masks {
     XL_FORM_OPCODE_MASK = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
     ADDI_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     ADDIS_OPCODE_MASK   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     BXX_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     BCXX_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     // trap instructions
     TDI_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     TWI_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     TD_OPCODE_MASK      = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
     TW_OPCODE_MASK      = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
     LD_OPCODE_MASK      = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (3u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
     STD_OPCODE_MASK     = LD_OPCODE_MASK,
     STDU_OPCODE_MASK    = STD_OPCODE_MASK,
     STDX_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
     STDUX_OPCODE_MASK   = STDX_OPCODE_MASK,
     STW_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     STWU_OPCODE_MASK    = STW_OPCODE_MASK,
     STWX_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
     STWUX_OPCODE_MASK   = STWX_OPCODE_MASK,
     MTCTR_OPCODE_MASK   = ~(31u << RS_SHIFT),
     ORI_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     ORIS_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     RLDICR_OPCODE_MASK  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (7u << XO_27_29_SHIFT)
   };
   enum opcdxos {
     ADD_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 266u << 1),
     ADDC_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  10u << 1),
     ADDI_OPCODE   = (14u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     ADDIS_OPCODE  = (15u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     ADDIC__OPCODE = (13u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     ADDE_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 138u << 1),
     SUBF_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  40u << 1),
     SUBFC_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   8u << 1),
     SUBFE_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 136u << 1),
     SUBFIC_OPCODE = (8u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     SUBFZE_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 200u << 1),
     DIVW_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 491u << 1),
     MULLW_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 235u << 1),
     MULHW_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  75u << 1),
     MULHWU_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  11u << 1),
     MULLI_OPCODE  = (7u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     AND_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  28u << 1),
     ANDI_OPCODE   = (28u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     ANDIS_OPCODE  = (29u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     ANDC_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  60u << 1),
     ORC_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 412u << 1),
     OR_OPCODE     = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 444u << 1),
     ORI_OPCODE    = (24u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     ORIS_OPCODE   = (25u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     XOR_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 316u << 1),
     XORI_OPCODE   = (26u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     XORIS_OPCODE  = (27u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     NEG_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 104u << 1),
     RLWINM_OPCODE = (21u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     CLRRWI_OPCODE = RLWINM_OPCODE,
     CLRLWI_OPCODE = RLWINM_OPCODE,
     RLWIMI_OPCODE = (20u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     SLW_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  24u << 1),
     SLWI_OPCODE   = RLWINM_OPCODE,
     SRW_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 536u << 1),
     SRWI_OPCODE   = RLWINM_OPCODE,
     SRAW_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 792u << 1),
     SRAWI_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 824u << 1),
     CMP_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << 1),
     CMPI_OPCODE   = (11u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     CMPL_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  32u << 1),
     CMPLI_OPCODE  = (10u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     ISEL_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  15u << 1),
     // Special purpose registers
     MTSPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 467u << 1),
     MFSPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 339u << 1),
     MTXER_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 1 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MFXER_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 1 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MTDSCR_OPCODE = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 3 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MFDSCR_OPCODE = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 3 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MTLR_OPCODE   = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 8 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MFLR_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 8 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MTCTR_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 9 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MFCTR_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 9 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MTTFHAR_OPCODE   = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 128 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MFTFHAR_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 128 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MTTFIAR_OPCODE   = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 129 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MFTFIAR_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 129 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MTTEXASR_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 130 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MFTEXASR_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 130 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MTTEXASRU_OPCODE = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 131 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MFTEXASRU_OPCODE = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 131 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MTVRSAVE_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 256 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MFVRSAVE_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 256 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MFTB_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 268 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
     MTCRF_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 144u << 1),
     MFCR_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 19u << 1),
     MCRF_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 0u << 1),
     // condition register logic instructions
     CRAND_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 257u << 1),
     CRNAND_OPCODE = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 225u << 1),
     CROR_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 449u << 1),
     CRXOR_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 193u << 1),
     CRNOR_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  33u << 1),
     CREQV_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 289u << 1),
     CRANDC_OPCODE = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 129u << 1),
     CRORC_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 417u << 1),
     BCLR_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 16u << 1),
     BXX_OPCODE      = (18u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     BCXX_OPCODE     = (16u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     // CTR-related opcodes
     BCCTR_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 528u << 1),
     LWZ_OPCODE   = (32u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     LWZX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  23u << 1),
     LWZU_OPCODE  = (33u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     LWBRX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  534 << 1),
     LHA_OPCODE   = (42u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     LHAX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 343u << 1),
     LHAU_OPCODE  = (43u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     LHZ_OPCODE   = (40u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     LHZX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 279u << 1),
     LHZU_OPCODE  = (41u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     LHBRX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  790 << 1),
     LBZ_OPCODE   = (34u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     LBZX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  87u << 1),
     LBZU_OPCODE  = (35u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     STW_OPCODE   = (36u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     STWX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 151u << 1),
     STWU_OPCODE  = (37u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     STWUX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 183u << 1),
     STH_OPCODE   = (44u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     STHX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 407u << 1),
     STHU_OPCODE  = (45u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     STB_OPCODE   = (38u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     STBX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 215u << 1),
     STBU_OPCODE  = (39u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     EXTSB_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 954u << 1),
     EXTSH_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 922u << 1),
     EXTSW_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 986u << 1),               // X-FORM
     // 32 bit opcode encodings
     LWA_OPCODE    = (58u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   2u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
     LWAX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 341u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
     CNTLZW_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  26u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
     // 64 bit opcode encodings
     LD_OPCODE     = (58u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
     LDU_OPCODE    = (58u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   1u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
     LDX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  21u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
     STD_OPCODE    = (62u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
     STDU_OPCODE   = (62u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   1u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
     STDUX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 181u << 1),                  // X-FORM
     STDX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 149u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
     RLDICR_OPCODE = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   1u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
     RLDICL_OPCODE = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
     RLDIC_OPCODE  = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   2u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
     RLDIMI_OPCODE = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   3u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
     SRADI_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 413u << XO_21_29_SHIFT), // XS-FORM
     SLD_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  27u << 1),              // X-FORM
     SRD_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 539u << 1),              // X-FORM
     SRAD_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 794u << 1),              // X-FORM
     MULLD_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 233u << 1),              // XO-FORM
     MULHD_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  73u << 1),              // XO-FORM
     MULHDU_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   9u << 1),              // XO-FORM
     DIVD_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 489u << 1),              // XO-FORM
     CNTLZD_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  58u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
     NAND_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 476u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
     NOR_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 124u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
     // opcodes only used for floating arithmetic
     FADD_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  21u << 1),
     FADDS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  21u << 1),
     FCMPU_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  00u << 1),
     FDIV_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  18u << 1),
     FDIVS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  18u << 1),
     FMR_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  72u << 1),
     // These are special Power6 opcodes, reused for "lfdepx" and "stfdepx"
     // on Power7.  Do not use.
     // MFFGPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 607u << 1),
     // MFTGPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 735u << 1),
     CMPB_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  508  << 1),
     POPCNTB_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  122  << 1),
     POPCNTW_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  378  << 1),
     POPCNTD_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  506  << 1),
     FABS_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  264u << 1),
     FNABS_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  136u << 1),
     FMUL_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   25u << 1),
     FMULS_OPCODE   = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   25u << 1),
     FNEG_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   40u << 1),
     FSUB_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   20u << 1),
     FSUBS_OPCODE   = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   20u << 1),
     // PPC64-internal FPU conversion opcodes
     FCFID_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u << 1),
     FCFIDS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u << 1),
     FCTID_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  814u << 1),
     FCTIDZ_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  815u << 1),
     FCTIW_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   14u << 1),
     FCTIWZ_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   15u << 1),
     FRSP_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   12u << 1),
     // WARNING: using fmadd results in a non-compliant vm. Some floating
     // point tck tests will fail.
     FMADD_OPCODE   = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   29u << 1),
     DMADD_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   29u << 1),
     FMSUB_OPCODE   = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   28u << 1),
     DMSUB_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   28u << 1),
     FNMADD_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   31u << 1),
     DNMADD_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   31u << 1),
     FNMSUB_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   30u << 1),
     DNMSUB_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   30u << 1),
     LFD_OPCODE     = (50u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
     LFDU_OPCODE    = (51u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
     LFDX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  599u << 1),
     LFS_OPCODE     = (48u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
     LFSU_OPCODE    = (49u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
     LFSX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  535u << 1),
     STFD_OPCODE    = (54u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
     STFDU_OPCODE   = (55u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
     STFDX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  727u << 1),
     STFS_OPCODE    = (52u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
     STFSU_OPCODE   = (53u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
     STFSX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  663u << 1),
     FSQRT_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   22u << 1),            // A-FORM
     FSQRTS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   22u << 1),            // A-FORM
     // Vector instruction support for >= Power6
     // Vector Storage Access
     LVEBX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |    7u << 1),
     LVEHX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   39u << 1),
     LVEWX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   71u << 1),
     LVX_OPCODE     = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  103u << 1),
     LVXL_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  359u << 1),
     STVEBX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  135u << 1),
     STVEHX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  167u << 1),
     STVEWX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  199u << 1),
     STVX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  231u << 1),
     STVXL_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  487u << 1),
     LVSL_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |    6u << 1),
     LVSR_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   38u << 1),
     // Vector-Scalar (VSX) instruction support.
     LXVD2X_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  844u << 1),
     STXVD2X_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  972u << 1),
     MTVSRD_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  179u << 1),
     MFVSRD_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   51u << 1),
     // Vector Permute and Formatting
     VPKPX_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  782u     ),
     VPKSHSS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  398u     ),
     VPKSWSS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  462u     ),
     VPKSHUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  270u     ),
     VPKSWUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  334u     ),
     VPKUHUM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   14u     ),
     VPKUWUM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   78u     ),
     VPKUHUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  142u     ),
     VPKUWUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  206u     ),
     VUPKHPX_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u     ),
     VUPKHSB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  526u     ),
     VUPKHSH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  590u     ),
     VUPKLPX_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  974u     ),
     VUPKLSB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  654u     ),
     VUPKLSH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  718u     ),
     VMRGHB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   12u     ),
     VMRGHW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  140u     ),
     VMRGHH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   76u     ),
     VMRGLB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  268u     ),
     VMRGLW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  396u     ),
     VMRGLH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  332u     ),
     VSPLT_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  524u     ),
     VSPLTH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  588u     ),
     VSPLTW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  652u     ),
     VSPLTISB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  780u     ),
     VSPLTISH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  844u     ),
     VSPLTISW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  908u     ),
     VPERM_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   43u     ),
     VSEL_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   42u     ),
     VSL_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  452u     ),
     VSLDOI_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   44u     ),
     VSLO_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1036u     ),
     VSR_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  708u     ),
     VSRO_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1100u     ),
     // Vector Integer
     VADDCUW_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  384u     ),
     VADDSHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  832u     ),
     VADDSBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  768u     ),
     VADDSWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  896u     ),
     VADDUBM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    0u     ),
     VADDUWM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  128u     ),
     VADDUHM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   64u     ),
     VADDUBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  512u     ),
     VADDUWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  640u     ),
     VADDUHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  576u     ),
     VSUBCUW_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1408u     ),
     VSUBSHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1856u     ),
     VSUBSBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1792u     ),
     VSUBSWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1920u     ),
     VSUBUBM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1024u     ),
     VSUBUWM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1152u     ),
     VSUBUHM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1088u     ),
     VSUBUBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1536u     ),
     VSUBUWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1664u     ),
     VSUBUHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1600u     ),
     VMULESB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  776u     ),
     VMULEUB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  520u     ),
     VMULESH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  840u     ),
     VMULEUH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  584u     ),
     VMULOSB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  264u     ),
     VMULOUB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    8u     ),
     VMULOSH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  328u     ),
     VMULOUH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   72u     ),
     VMHADDSHS_OPCODE=(4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   32u     ),
     VMHRADDSHS_OPCODE=(4u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   33u     ),
     VMLADDUHM_OPCODE=(4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   34u     ),
     VMSUBUHM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   36u     ),
     VMSUMMBM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   37u     ),
     VMSUMSHM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   40u     ),
     VMSUMSHS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   41u     ),
     VMSUMUHM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   38u     ),
     VMSUMUHS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   39u     ),
     VSUMSWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1928u     ),
     VSUM2SWS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1672u     ),
     VSUM4SBS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1800u     ),
     VSUM4UBS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1544u     ),
     VSUM4SHS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1608u     ),
     VAVGSB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1282u     ),
     VAVGSW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1410u     ),
     VAVGSH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1346u     ),
     VAVGUB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1026u     ),
     VAVGUW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1154u     ),
     VAVGUH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1090u     ),
     VMAXSB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  258u     ),
     VMAXSW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  386u     ),
     VMAXSH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  322u     ),
     VMAXUB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    2u     ),
     VMAXUW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  130u     ),
     VMAXUH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   66u     ),
     VMINSB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  770u     ),
     VMINSW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  898u     ),
     VMINSH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  834u     ),
     VMINUB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  514u     ),
     VMINUW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  642u     ),
     VMINUH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  578u     ),
     VCMPEQUB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    6u     ),
     VCMPEQUH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   70u     ),
     VCMPEQUW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  134u     ),
     VCMPGTSH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  838u     ),
     VCMPGTSB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  774u     ),
     VCMPGTSW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  902u     ),
     VCMPGTUB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  518u     ),
     VCMPGTUH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  582u     ),
     VCMPGTUW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  646u     ),
     VAND_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1028u     ),
     VANDC_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1092u     ),
     VNOR_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1284u     ),
     VOR_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1156u     ),
     VXOR_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1220u     ),
     VRLD_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  196u     ),
     VRLB_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    4u     ),
     VRLW_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  132u     ),
     VRLH_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   68u     ),
     VSLB_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  260u     ),
     VSKW_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  388u     ),
     VSLH_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  324u     ),
     VSRB_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  516u     ),
     VSRW_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  644u     ),
     VSRH_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  580u     ),
     VSRAB_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  772u     ),
     VSRAW_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  900u     ),
     VSRAH_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  836u     ),
     // Vector Floating-Point
     // not implemented yet
     // Vector Status and Control
     MTVSCR_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1604u     ),
     MFVSCR_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1540u     ),
     // AES (introduced with Power 8)
     VCIPHER_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1288u),
     VCIPHERLAST_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1289u),
     VNCIPHER_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1352u),
     VNCIPHERLAST_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1353u),
     VSBOX_OPCODE        = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1480u),
     // SHA (introduced with Power 8)
     VSHASIGMAD_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1730u),
     VSHASIGMAW_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1666u),
     // Vector Binary Polynomial Multiplication (introduced with Power 8)
     VPMSUMB_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1032u),
     VPMSUMD_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1224u),
     VPMSUMH_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1096u),
     VPMSUMW_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1160u),
     // Vector Permute and Xor (introduced with Power 8)
     VPERMXOR_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   45u),
     // Transactional Memory instructions (introduced with Power 8)
     TBEGIN_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  654u << 1),
     TEND_OPCODE      = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  686u << 1),
     TABORT_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  910u << 1),
     TABORTWC_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  782u << 1),
     TABORTWCI_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u << 1),
     TABORTDC_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  814u << 1),
     TABORTDCI_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  878u << 1),
     TSR_OPCODE       = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  750u << 1),
     TCHECK_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  718u << 1),
     // Icache and dcache related instructions
     DCBA_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  758u << 1),
     DCBZ_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1014u << 1),
     DCBST_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   54u << 1),
     DCBF_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   86u << 1),
     DCBT_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  278u << 1),
     DCBTST_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  246u << 1),
     ICBI_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  982u << 1),
     // Instruction synchronization
     ISYNC_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  150u << 1),
     // Memory barriers
     SYNC_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  598u << 1),
     EIEIO_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  854u << 1),
     // Trap instructions
     TDI_OPCODE     = (2u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     TWI_OPCODE     = (3u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
     TD_OPCODE      = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   68u << 1),
     TW_OPCODE      = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |    4u << 1),
     // Atomics.
     LWARX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   20u << 1),
     LDARX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   84u << 1),
     LQARX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  276u << 1),
     STWCX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  150u << 1),
     STDCX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  214u << 1),
     STQCX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  182u << 1)
   };
   // Trap instructions TO bits
   enum trap_to_bits {
     // single bits
     traptoLessThanSigned      = 1 << 4, // 0, left end
     traptoGreaterThanSigned   = 1 << 3,
     traptoEqual               = 1 << 2,
     traptoLessThanUnsigned    = 1 << 1,
     traptoGreaterThanUnsigned = 1 << 0, // 4, right end
     // compound ones
     traptoUnconditional       = (traptoLessThanSigned |
                                  traptoGreaterThanSigned |
                                  traptoEqual |
                                  traptoLessThanUnsigned |
                                  traptoGreaterThanUnsigned)
   };
   // Branch hints BH field
   enum branch_hint_bh {
     // bclr cases:
     bhintbhBCLRisReturn            = 0,
     bhintbhBCLRisNotReturnButSame  = 1,
     bhintbhBCLRisNotPredictable    = 3,
     // bcctr cases:
     bhintbhBCCTRisNotReturnButSame = 0,
     bhintbhBCCTRisNotPredictable   = 3
   };
   // Branch prediction hints AT field
   enum branch_hint_at {
     bhintatNoHint     = 0,  // at=00
     bhintatIsNotTaken = 2,  // at=10
     bhintatIsTaken    = 3   // at=11
   };
   // Branch prediction hints
   enum branch_hint_concept {
     // Use the same encoding as branch_hint_at to simply code.
     bhintNoHint       = bhintatNoHint,
     bhintIsNotTaken   = bhintatIsNotTaken,
     bhintIsTaken      = bhintatIsTaken
   };
   // Used in BO field of branch instruction.
   enum branch_condition {
     bcondCRbiIs0      =  4, // bo=001at
     bcondCRbiIs1      = 12, // bo=011at
     bcondAlways       = 20  // bo=10100
   };
   // Branch condition with combined prediction hints.
   enum branch_condition_with_hint {
     bcondCRbiIs0_bhintNoHint     = bcondCRbiIs0 | bhintatNoHint,
     bcondCRbiIs0_bhintIsNotTaken = bcondCRbiIs0 | bhintatIsNotTaken,
     bcondCRbiIs0_bhintIsTaken    = bcondCRbiIs0 | bhintatIsTaken,
     bcondCRbiIs1_bhintNoHint     = bcondCRbiIs1 | bhintatNoHint,
     bcondCRbiIs1_bhintIsNotTaken = bcondCRbiIs1 | bhintatIsNotTaken,
     bcondCRbiIs1_bhintIsTaken    = bcondCRbiIs1 | bhintatIsTaken,
   };
   // Elemental Memory Barriers (>=Power 8)
   enum Elemental_Membar_mask_bits {
     StoreStore = 1 << 0,
     StoreLoad  = 1 << 1,
     LoadStore  = 1 << 2,
     LoadLoad   = 1 << 3
   };
   // Branch prediction hints.
   inline static int add_bhint_to_boint(const int bhint, const int boint) {
     switch (boint) {
       case bcondCRbiIs0:
       case bcondCRbiIs1:
         // branch_hint and branch_hint_at have same encodings
         assert(   (int)bhintNoHint     == (int)bhintatNoHint
                && (int)bhintIsNotTaken == (int)bhintatIsNotTaken
                && (int)bhintIsTaken    == (int)bhintatIsTaken,
                "wrong encodings");
         assert((bhint & 0x03) == bhint, "wrong encodings");
         return (boint & ~0x03) | bhint;
       case bcondAlways:
         // no branch_hint
         return boint;
       default:
         ShouldNotReachHere();
         return 0;
     }
   }
   // Extract bcond from boint.
   inline static int inv_boint_bcond(const int boint) {
     int r_bcond = boint & ~0x03;
     assert(r_bcond == bcondCRbiIs0 ||
            r_bcond == bcondCRbiIs1 ||
            r_bcond == bcondAlways,
            "bad branch condition");
     return r_bcond;
   }
   // Extract bhint from boint.
   inline static int inv_boint_bhint(const int boint) {
     int r_bhint = boint & 0x03;
     assert(r_bhint == bhintatNoHint ||
            r_bhint == bhintatIsNotTaken ||
            r_bhint == bhintatIsTaken,
            "bad branch hint");
     return r_bhint;
   }
   // Calculate opposite of given bcond.
   inline static int opposite_bcond(const int bcond) {
     switch (bcond) {
       case bcondCRbiIs0:
         return bcondCRbiIs1;
       case bcondCRbiIs1:
         return bcondCRbiIs0;
       default:
         ShouldNotReachHere();
         return 0;
     }
   }
   // Calculate opposite of given bhint.
   inline static int opposite_bhint(const int bhint) {
     switch (bhint) {
       case bhintatNoHint:
         return bhintatNoHint;
       case bhintatIsNotTaken:
         return bhintatIsTaken;
       case bhintatIsTaken:
         return bhintatIsNotTaken;
       default:
         ShouldNotReachHere();
         return 0;
     }
   }
   // PPC branch instructions
   enum ppcops {
     b_op    = 18,
     bc_op   = 16,
     bcr_op  = 19
   };
   enum Condition {
     negative         = 0,
     less             = 0,
     positive         = 1,
     greater          = 1,
     zero             = 2,
     equal            = 2,
     summary_overflow = 3,
   };
  public:
   // Helper functions for groups of instructions
   enum Predict { pt = 1, pn = 0 }; // pt = predict taken
   // instruction must start at passed address
   static int instr_len(unsigned char *instr) { return BytesPerInstWord; }
   // instruction must be left-justified in argument
   static int instr_len(unsigned long instr)  { return BytesPerInstWord; }
   // longest instructions
   static int instr_maxlen() { return BytesPerInstWord; }
   // Test if x is within signed immediate range for nbits.
   static bool is_simm(int x, unsigned int nbits) {
     assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 32, "out of bounds");
     const int   min      = -( ((int)1) << nbits-1 );
     const int   maxplus1 =  ( ((int)1) << nbits-1 );
     return min <= x && x < maxplus1;
   }
   static bool is_simm(jlong x, unsigned int nbits) {
     assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 64, "out of bounds");
     const jlong min      = -( ((jlong)1) << nbits-1 );
     const jlong maxplus1 =  ( ((jlong)1) << nbits-1 );
     return min <= x && x < maxplus1;
   }
   // Test if x is within unsigned immediate range for nbits
   static bool is_uimm(int x, unsigned int nbits) {
     assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 32, "out of bounds");
     const int   maxplus1 = ( ((int)1) << nbits );
     return 0 <= x && x < maxplus1;
   }
   static bool is_uimm(jlong x, unsigned int nbits) {
     assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 64, "out of bounds");
     const jlong maxplus1 =  ( ((jlong)1) << nbits );
     return 0 <= x && x < maxplus1;
   }
  protected:
   // helpers
   // X is supposed to fit in a field "nbits" wide
   // and be sign-extended. Check the range.
   static void assert_signed_range(intptr_t x, int nbits) {
     assert(nbits == 32 || (-(1 << nbits-1) <= x && x < (1 << nbits-1)),
            "value out of range");
   }
   static void assert_signed_word_disp_range(intptr_t x, int nbits) {
     assert((x & 3) == 0, "not word aligned");
     assert_signed_range(x, nbits + 2);
   }
   static void assert_unsigned_const(int x, int nbits) {
     assert(juint(x) < juint(1 << nbits), "unsigned constant out of range");
   }
   static int fmask(juint hi_bit, juint lo_bit) {
     assert(hi_bit >= lo_bit && hi_bit < 32, "bad bits");
     return (1 << ( hi_bit-lo_bit + 1 )) - 1;
   }
   // inverse of u_field
   static int inv_u_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
     juint r = juint(x) >> lo_bit;
     r &= fmask(hi_bit, lo_bit);
     return int(r);
   }
   // signed version: extract from field and sign-extend
   static int inv_s_field_ppc(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
     x = x << (31-hi_bit);
     x = x >> (31-hi_bit+lo_bit);
     return x;
   }
   static int u_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
     assert((x & ~fmask(hi_bit, lo_bit)) == 0, "value out of range");
     int r = x << lo_bit;
     assert(inv_u_field(r, hi_bit, lo_bit) == x, "just checking");
     return r;
   }
   // Same as u_field for signed values
   static int s_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
     int nbits = hi_bit - lo_bit + 1;
     assert(nbits == 32 || (-(1 << nbits-1) <= x && x < (1 << nbits-1)),
       "value out of range");
     x &= fmask(hi_bit, lo_bit);
     int r = x << lo_bit;
     return r;
   }
   // inv_op for ppc instructions
   static int inv_op_ppc(int x) { return inv_u_field(x, 31, 26); }
   // Determine target address from li, bd field of branch instruction.
   static intptr_t inv_li_field(int x) {
     intptr_t r = inv_s_field_ppc(x, 25, 2);
     r = (r << 2);
     return r;
   }
   static intptr_t inv_bd_field(int x, intptr_t pos) {
     intptr_t r = inv_s_field_ppc(x, 15, 2);
     r = (r << 2) + pos;
     return r;
   }
   #define inv_opp_u_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) inv_u_field(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
   #define inv_opp_s_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) inv_s_field_ppc(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
   // Extract instruction fields from instruction words.
  public:
   static int inv_ra_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 15, 11); }
   static int inv_rb_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 20, 16); }
   static int inv_rt_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10,  6); }
   static int inv_rta_field(int x) { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 15, 11); }
   static int inv_rs_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10,  6); }
   // Ds uses opp_s_field(x, 31, 16), but lowest 2 bits must be 0.
   // Inv_ds_field uses range (x, 29, 16) but shifts by 2 to ensure that lowest bits are 0.
   static int inv_ds_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_s_field(x, 29, 16) << 2; }
   static int inv_d1_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_s_field(x, 31, 16); }
   static int inv_si_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_s_field(x, 31, 16); }
   static int inv_to_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10, 6);  }
   static int inv_lk_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 31, 31); }
   static int inv_bo_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10,  6); }
   static int inv_bi_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 15, 11); }
   #define opp_u_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) u_field(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
   #define opp_s_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) s_field(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
   // instruction fields
   static int aa(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 30); }
   static int ba(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
   static int bb(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
   static int bc(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
   static int bd(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             29, 16); }
   static int bf( ConditionRegister cr) { return  bf(cr->encoding()); }
   static int bf(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,              8,  6); }
   static int bfa(ConditionRegister cr) { return  bfa(cr->encoding()); }
   static int bfa(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             13, 11); }
   static int bh(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 19); }
   static int bi(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
   static int bi0(ConditionRegister cr, Condition c) { return (cr->encoding() << 2) | c; }
   static int bo(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
   static int bt(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
   static int d1(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             31, 16); }
   static int ds(       int         x)  { assert((x & 0x3) == 0, "unaligned offset"); return opp_s_field(x, 31, 16); }
   static int eh(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 31); }
   static int flm(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             14,  7); }
   static int fra(    FloatRegister r)  { return  fra(r->encoding());}
   static int frb(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frb(r->encoding());}
   static int frc(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frc(r->encoding());}
   static int frs(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frs(r->encoding());}
   static int frt(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frt(r->encoding());}
   static int fra(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
   static int frb(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
   static int frc(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
   static int frs(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
   static int frt(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
   static int fxm(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             19, 12); }
   static int l10(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10, 10); }
   static int l15(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 15); }
   static int l910(     int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  9); }
   static int e1215(    int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 12); }
   static int lev(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             26, 20); }
   static int li(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             29,  6); }
   static int lk(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 31); }
   static int mb2125(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
   static int me2630(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 26); }
   static int mb2126(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(((x & 0x1f) << 1) | ((x & 0x20) >> 5), 26, 21); }
   static int me2126(   int         x)  { return  mb2126(x); }
   static int nb(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
   //static int opcd(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,              5,  0); } // is contained in our opcodes
   static int oe(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             21, 21); }
   static int ra(       Register    r)  { return  ra(r->encoding()); }
   static int ra(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
   static int rb(       Register    r)  { return  rb(r->encoding()); }
   static int rb(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
   static int rc(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 31); }
   static int rs(       Register    r)  { return  rs(r->encoding()); }
   static int rs(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
   // we don't want to use R0 in memory accesses, because it has value `0' then
   static int ra0mem(   Register    r)  { assert(r != R0, "cannot use register R0 in memory access"); return ra(r); }
   static int ra0mem(   int         x)  { assert(x != 0,  "cannot use register 0 in memory access");  return ra(x); }
   // register r is target
   static int rt(       Register    r)  { return rs(r); }
   static int rt(       int         x)  { return rs(x); }
   static int rta(      Register    r)  { return ra(r); }
   static int rta0mem(  Register    r)  { rta(r); return ra0mem(r); }
   static int sh1620(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
   static int sh30(     int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 30); }
   static int sh162030( int         x)  { return  sh1620(x & 0x1f) | sh30((x & 0x20) >> 5); }
   static int si(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             31, 16); }
   static int spr(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 11); }
   static int sr(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 12); }
   static int tbr(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 11); }
   static int th(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  7); }
   static int thct(     int         x)  { assert((x&8) == 0, "must be valid cache specification");  return th(x); }
   static int thds(     int         x)  { assert((x&8) == 8, "must be valid stream specification"); return th(x); }
   static int to(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
   static int u(        int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             19, 16); }
   static int ui(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 16); }
   // Support vector instructions for >= Power6.
   static int vra(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
   static int vrb(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
   static int vrc(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
   static int vrs(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
   static int vrt(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
   static int vra(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vra(r->encoding());}
   static int vrb(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrb(r->encoding());}
   static int vrc(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrc(r->encoding());}
   static int vrs(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrs(r->encoding());}
   static int vrt(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrt(r->encoding());}
   // Support Vector-Scalar (VSX) instructions.
   static int vsra(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,            15, 11); }
   static int vsrb(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,            20, 16); }
   static int vsrc(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,            25, 21); }
   static int vsrs(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,            10,  6); }
   static int vsrt(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,            10,  6); }
   static int vsra(   VectorSRegister r)  { return  vsra(r->encoding());}
   static int vsrb(   VectorSRegister r)  { return  vsrb(r->encoding());}
   static int vsrc(   VectorSRegister r)  { return  vsrc(r->encoding());}
   static int vsrs(   VectorSRegister r)  { return  vsrs(r->encoding());}
   static int vsrt(   VectorSRegister r)  { return  vsrt(r->encoding());}
   static int vsplt_uim( int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 12); } // for vsplt* instructions
   static int vsplti_sim(int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); } // for vsplti* instructions
   static int vsldoi_shb(int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 22); } // for vsldoi instruction
   static int vcmp_rc(   int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             21, 21); } // for vcmp* instructions
   //static int xo1(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             29, 21); }// is contained in our opcodes
   //static int xo2(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 21); }// is contained in our opcodes
   //static int xo3(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 22); }// is contained in our opcodes
   //static int xo4(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 26); }// is contained in our opcodes
   //static int xo5(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             29, 27); }// is contained in our opcodes
   //static int xo6(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 27); }// is contained in our opcodes
   //static int xo7(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 30); }// is contained in our opcodes
  protected:
   // Compute relative address for branch.
   static intptr_t disp(intptr_t x, intptr_t off) {
     int xx = x - off;
     xx = xx >> 2;
     return xx;
   }
  public:
   // signed immediate, in low bits, nbits long
   static int simm(int x, int nbits) {
     assert_signed_range(x, nbits);
     return x & ((1 << nbits) - 1);
   }
   // unsigned immediate, in low bits, nbits long
   static int uimm(int x, int nbits) {
     assert_unsigned_const(x, nbits);
     return x & ((1 << nbits) - 1);
   }
   static void set_imm(int* instr, short s) {
     // imm is always in the lower 16 bits of the instruction,
     // so this is endian-neutral. Same for the get_imm below.
     uint32_t w = *(uint32_t *)instr;
     *instr = (int)((w & ~0x0000FFFF) | (s & 0x0000FFFF));
   }
   static int get_imm(address a, int instruction_number) {
     return (short)((int *)a)[instruction_number];
   }
   static inline int hi16_signed(  int x) { return (int)(int16_t)(x >> 16); }
   static inline int lo16_unsigned(int x) { return x & 0xffff; }
  protected:
   // Extract the top 32 bits in a 64 bit word.
   static int32_t hi32(int64_t x) {
     int32_t r = int32_t((uint64_t)x >> 32);
     return r;
   }
  public:
   static inline unsigned int align_addr(unsigned int addr, unsigned int a) {
     return ((addr + (a - 1)) & ~(a - 1));
   }
   static inline bool is_aligned(unsigned int addr, unsigned int a) {
     return (0 == addr % a);
   }
   void flush() {
     AbstractAssembler::flush();
   }
   inline void emit_int32(int);  // shadows AbstractAssembler::emit_int32
   inline void emit_data(int);
   inline void emit_data(int, RelocationHolder const&);
   inline void emit_data(int, relocInfo::relocType rtype);
   // Emit an address.
   inline address emit_addr(const address addr = NULL);
 #if !defined(ABI_ELFv2)
   // Emit a function descriptor with the specified entry point, TOC,
   // and ENV. If the entry point is NULL, the descriptor will point
   // just past the descriptor.
   // Use values from friend functions as defaults.
   inline address emit_fd(address entry = NULL,
                          address toc = (address) FunctionDescriptor::friend_toc,
                          address env = (address) FunctionDescriptor::friend_env);
 #endif
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // PPC instructions
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Memory instructions use r0 as hard coded 0, e.g. to simulate loading
   // immediates. The normal instruction encoders enforce that r0 is not
   // passed to them. Use either extended mnemonics encoders or the special ra0
   // versions.
   // Issue an illegal instruction.
   inline void illtrap();
   static inline bool is_illtrap(int x);
   // PPC 1, section 3.3.8, Fixed-Point Arithmetic Instructions
   inline void addi( Register d, Register a, int si16);
   inline void addis(Register d, Register a, int si16);
  private:
   inline void addi_r0ok( Register d, Register a, int si16);
   inline void addis_r0ok(Register d, Register a, int si16);
  public:
   inline void addic_( Register d, Register a, int si16);
   inline void subfic( Register d, Register a, int si16);
   inline void add(    Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void add_(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void subf(   Register d, Register a, Register b);  // d = b - a    "Sub_from", as in ppc spec.
   inline void sub(    Register d, Register a, Register b);  // d = a - b    Swap operands of subf for readability.
   inline void subf_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void addc(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void addc_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void subfc(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void subfc_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void adde(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void adde_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void subfe(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void subfe_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void neg(    Register d, Register a);
   inline void neg_(   Register d, Register a);
   inline void mulli(  Register d, Register a, int si16);
   inline void mulld(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mulld_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mullw(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mullw_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mulhw(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mulhw_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mulhwu( Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mulhwu_(Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mulhd(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mulhd_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mulhdu( Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mulhdu_(Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void divd(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void divd_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void divw(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void divw_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
   // extended mnemonics
   inline void li(   Register d, int si16);
   inline void lis(  Register d, int si16);
   inline void addir(Register d, int si16, Register a);
   static bool is_addi(int x) {
      return ADDI_OPCODE == (x & ADDI_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_addis(int x) {
      return ADDIS_OPCODE == (x & ADDIS_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_bxx(int x) {
      return BXX_OPCODE == (x & BXX_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_b(int x) {
      return BXX_OPCODE == (x & BXX_OPCODE_MASK) && inv_lk_field(x) == 0;
   }
   static bool is_bl(int x) {
      return BXX_OPCODE == (x & BXX_OPCODE_MASK) && inv_lk_field(x) == 1;
   }
   static bool is_bcxx(int x) {
      return BCXX_OPCODE == (x & BCXX_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_bxx_or_bcxx(int x) {
      return is_bxx(x) || is_bcxx(x);
   }
   static bool is_bctrl(int x) {
      return x == 0x4e800421;
   }
   static bool is_bctr(int x) {
      return x == 0x4e800420;
   }
   static bool is_bclr(int x) {
      return BCLR_OPCODE == (x & XL_FORM_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_li(int x) {
      return is_addi(x) && inv_ra_field(x)==0;
   }
   static bool is_lis(int x) {
      return is_addis(x) && inv_ra_field(x)==0;
   }
   static bool is_mtctr(int x) {
      return MTCTR_OPCODE == (x & MTCTR_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_ld(int x) {
      return LD_OPCODE == (x & LD_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_std(int x) {
      return STD_OPCODE == (x & STD_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_stdu(int x) {
      return STDU_OPCODE == (x & STDU_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_stdx(int x) {
      return STDX_OPCODE == (x & STDX_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_stdux(int x) {
      return STDUX_OPCODE == (x & STDUX_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_stwx(int x) {
      return STWX_OPCODE == (x & STWX_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_stwux(int x) {
      return STWUX_OPCODE == (x & STWUX_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_stw(int x) {
      return STW_OPCODE == (x & STW_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_stwu(int x) {
      return STWU_OPCODE == (x & STWU_OPCODE_MASK);
   }
   static bool is_ori(int x) {
      return ORI_OPCODE == (x & ORI_OPCODE_MASK);
   };
   static bool is_oris(int x) {
      return ORIS_OPCODE == (x & ORIS_OPCODE_MASK);
   };
   static bool is_rldicr(int x) {
      return (RLDICR_OPCODE == (x & RLDICR_OPCODE_MASK));
   };
   static bool is_nop(int x) {
     return x == 0x60000000;
   }
   // endgroup opcode for Power6
   static bool is_endgroup(int x) {
     return is_ori(x) && inv_ra_field(x) == 1 && inv_rs_field(x) == 1 && inv_d1_field(x) == 0;
   }
  private:
   // PPC 1, section 3.3.9, Fixed-Point Compare Instructions
   inline void cmpi( ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, int si16);
   inline void cmp(  ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, Register b);
   inline void cmpli(ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, int ui16);
   inline void cmpl( ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, Register b);
  public:
   // extended mnemonics of Compare Instructions
   inline void cmpwi( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int si16);
   inline void cmpdi( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int si16);
   inline void cmpw(  ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
   inline void cmpd(  ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
   inline void cmplwi(ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int ui16);
   inline void cmpldi(ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int ui16);
   inline void cmplw( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
   inline void cmpld( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
   inline void isel(   Register d, Register a, Register b, int bc);
   // Convenient version which takes: Condition register, Condition code and invert flag. Omit b to keep old value.
   inline void isel(   Register d, ConditionRegister cr, Condition cc, bool inv, Register a, Register b = noreg);
   // Set d = 0 if (cr.cc) equals 1, otherwise b.
   inline void isel_0( Register d, ConditionRegister cr, Condition cc, Register b = noreg);
   // PPC 1, section 3.3.11, Fixed-Point Logical Instructions
          void andi(   Register a, Register s, int ui16);   // optimized version
   inline void andi_(  Register a, Register s, int ui16);
   inline void andis_( Register a, Register s, int ui16);
   inline void ori(    Register a, Register s, int ui16);
   inline void oris(   Register a, Register s, int ui16);
   inline void xori(   Register a, Register s, int ui16);
   inline void xoris(  Register a, Register s, int ui16);
   inline void andr(   Register a, Register s, Register b);  // suffixed by 'r' as 'and' is C++ keyword
   inline void and_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
   // Turn or0(rx,rx,rx) into a nop and avoid that we accidently emit a
   // SMT-priority change instruction (see SMT instructions below).
   inline void or_unchecked(Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void orr(    Register a, Register s, Register b);  // suffixed by 'r' as 'or' is C++ keyword
   inline void or_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void xorr(   Register a, Register s, Register b);  // suffixed by 'r' as 'xor' is C++ keyword
   inline void xor_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void nand(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void nand_(  Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void nor(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void nor_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void andc(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void andc_(  Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void orc(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void orc_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void extsb(  Register a, Register s);
   inline void extsh(  Register a, Register s);
   inline void extsw(  Register a, Register s);
   // extended mnemonics
   inline void nop();
   // NOP for FP and BR units (different versions to allow them to be in one group)
   inline void fpnop0();
   inline void fpnop1();
   inline void brnop0();
   inline void brnop1();
   inline void brnop2();
   inline void mr(      Register d, Register s);
   inline void ori_opt( Register d, int ui16);
   inline void oris_opt(Register d, int ui16);
   // endgroup opcode for Power6
   inline void endgroup();
   // count instructions
   inline void cntlzw(  Register a, Register s);
   inline void cntlzw_( Register a, Register s);
   inline void cntlzd(  Register a, Register s);
   inline void cntlzd_( Register a, Register s);
   // PPC 1, section 3.3.12, Fixed-Point Rotate and Shift Instructions
   inline void sld(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void sld_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void slw(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void slw_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void srd(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void srd_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void srw(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void srw_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void srad(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void srad_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void sraw(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void sraw_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void sradi(   Register a, Register s, int sh6);
   inline void sradi_(  Register a, Register s, int sh6);
   inline void srawi(   Register a, Register s, int sh5);
   inline void srawi_(  Register a, Register s, int sh5);
   // extended mnemonics for Shift Instructions
   inline void sldi(    Register a, Register s, int sh6);
   inline void sldi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh6);
   inline void slwi(    Register a, Register s, int sh5);
   inline void slwi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh5);
   inline void srdi(    Register a, Register s, int sh6);
   inline void srdi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh6);
   inline void srwi(    Register a, Register s, int sh5);
   inline void srwi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh5);
   inline void clrrdi(  Register a, Register s, int ui6);
   inline void clrrdi_( Register a, Register s, int ui6);
   inline void clrldi(  Register a, Register s, int ui6);
   inline void clrldi_( Register a, Register s, int ui6);
   inline void clrlsldi(Register a, Register s, int clrl6, int shl6);
   inline void clrlsldi_(Register a, Register s, int clrl6, int shl6);
   inline void extrdi(  Register a, Register s, int n, int b);
   // testbit with condition register
   inline void testbitdi(ConditionRegister cr, Register a, Register s, int ui6);
   // rotate instructions
   inline void rotldi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
   inline void rotrdi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
   inline void rotlwi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
   inline void rotrwi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
   // Rotate Instructions
   inline void rldic(   Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
   inline void rldic_(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
   inline void rldicr(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
   inline void rldicr_( Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
   inline void rldicl(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
   inline void rldicl_( Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
   inline void rlwinm(  Register a, Register s, int sh5, int mb5, int me5);
   inline void rlwinm_( Register a, Register s, int sh5, int mb5, int me5);
   inline void rldimi(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
   inline void rldimi_( Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
   inline void rlwimi(  Register a, Register s, int sh5, int mb5, int me5);
   inline void insrdi(  Register a, Register s, int n,   int b);
   inline void insrwi(  Register a, Register s, int n,   int b);
   // PPC 1, section 3.3.2 Fixed-Point Load Instructions
   // 4 bytes
   inline void lwzx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void lwz(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void lwzu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   // 4 bytes
   inline void lwax( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void lwa(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   // 4 bytes reversed
   inline void lwbrx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   // 2 bytes
   inline void lhzx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void lhz(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void lhzu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   // 2 bytes reversed
   inline void lhbrx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   // 2 bytes
   inline void lhax( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void lha(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void lhau( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   // 1 byte
   inline void lbzx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void lbz(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void lbzu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   // 8 bytes
   inline void ldx(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void ld(   Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void ldu(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   //  PPC 1, section 3.3.3 Fixed-Point Store Instructions
   inline void stwx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void stw(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void stwu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void sthx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void sth(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void sthu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void stbx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void stb(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void stbu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void stdx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void std(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void stdu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
   inline void stdux(Register s, Register a,  Register b);
   // PPC 1, section 3.3.13 Move To/From System Register Instructions
   inline void mtlr( Register s1);
   inline void mflr( Register d);
   inline void mtctr(Register s1);
   inline void mfctr(Register d);
   inline void mtcrf(int fxm, Register s);
   inline void mfcr( Register d);
   inline void mcrf( ConditionRegister crd, ConditionRegister cra);
   inline void mtcr( Register s);
   // Special purpose registers
   // Exception Register
   inline void mtxer(Register s1);
   inline void mfxer(Register d);
   // Vector Register Save Register
   inline void mtvrsave(Register s1);
   inline void mfvrsave(Register d);
   // Timebase
   inline void mftb(Register d);
   // Introduced with Power 8:
   // Data Stream Control Register
   inline void mtdscr(Register s1);
   inline void mfdscr(Register d );
   // Transactional Memory Registers
   inline void mftfhar(Register d);
   inline void mftfiar(Register d);
   inline void mftexasr(Register d);
   inline void mftexasru(Register d);
   // PPC 1, section 2.4.1 Branch Instructions
   inline void b(  address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   inline void b(  Label& L);
   inline void bl( address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   inline void bl( Label& L);
   inline void bc( int boint, int biint, address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   inline void bc( int boint, int biint, Label& L);
   inline void bcl(int boint, int biint, address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   inline void bcl(int boint, int biint, Label& L);
   inline void bclr(  int boint, int biint, int bhint, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   inline void bclrl( int boint, int biint, int bhint, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   inline void bcctr( int boint, int biint, int bhint = bhintbhBCCTRisNotReturnButSame,
                          relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   inline void bcctrl(int boint, int biint, int bhint = bhintbhBCLRisReturn,
                          relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   // helper function for b, bcxx
   inline bool is_within_range_of_b(address a, address pc);
   inline bool is_within_range_of_bcxx(address a, address pc);
   // get the destination of a bxx branch (b, bl, ba, bla)
   static inline address  bxx_destination(address baddr);
   static inline address  bxx_destination(int instr, address pc);
   static inline intptr_t bxx_destination_offset(int instr, intptr_t bxx_pos);
   // extended mnemonics for branch instructions
   inline void blt(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bgt(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void beq(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bso(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bge(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void ble(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bne(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bns(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   // Branch instructions with static prediction hints.
   inline void blt_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bgt_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void beq_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bso_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bge_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void ble_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bne_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bns_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void blt_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bgt_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void beq_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bso_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bge_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void ble_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bne_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bns_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   // for use in conjunction with testbitdi:
   inline void btrue( ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bfalse(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bltl(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bgtl(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void beql(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bsol(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bgel(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void blel(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bnel(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   inline void bnsl(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
   // extended mnemonics for Branch Instructions via LR
   // We use `blr' for returns.
   inline void blr(relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   // extended mnemonics for Branch Instructions with CTR
   // bdnz means `decrement CTR and jump to L if CTR is not zero'
   inline void bdnz(Label& L);
   // Decrement and branch if result is zero.
   inline void bdz(Label& L);
   // we use `bctr[l]' for jumps/calls in function descriptor glue
   // code, e.g. calls to runtime functions
   inline void bctr( relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   inline void bctrl(relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   // conditional jumps/branches via CTR
   inline void beqctr( ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   inline void beqctrl(ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   inline void bnectr( ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   inline void bnectrl(ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
   // condition register logic instructions
   inline void crand( int d, int s1, int s2);
   inline void crnand(int d, int s1, int s2);
   inline void cror(  int d, int s1, int s2);
   inline void crxor( int d, int s1, int s2);
   inline void crnor( int d, int s1, int s2);
   inline void creqv( int d, int s1, int s2);
   inline void crandc(int d, int s1, int s2);
   inline void crorc( int d, int s1, int s2);
   // icache and dcache related instructions
   inline void icbi(  Register s1, Register s2);
   //inline void dcba(Register s1, Register s2); // Instruction for embedded processor only.
   inline void dcbz(  Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void dcbst( Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void dcbf(  Register s1, Register s2);
   enum ct_cache_specification {
     ct_primary_cache   = 0,
     ct_secondary_cache = 2
   };
   // dcache read hint
   inline void dcbt(    Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void dcbtct(  Register s1, Register s2, int ct);
   inline void dcbtds(  Register s1, Register s2, int ds);
   // dcache write hint
   inline void dcbtst(  Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void dcbtstct(Register s1, Register s2, int ct);
   //  machine barrier instructions:
   //
   //  - sync    two-way memory barrier, aka fence
   //  - lwsync  orders  Store|Store,
   //                     Load|Store,
   //                     Load|Load,
   //            but not Store|Load
   //  - eieio   orders memory accesses for device memory (only)
   //  - isync   invalidates speculatively executed instructions
   //            From the Power ISA 2.06 documentation:
   //             "[...] an isync instruction prevents the execution of
   //            instructions following the isync until instructions
   //            preceding the isync have completed, [...]"
   //            From IBM's AIX assembler reference:
   //             "The isync [...] instructions causes the processor to
   //            refetch any instructions that might have been fetched
   //            prior to the isync instruction. The instruction isync
   //            causes the processor to wait for all previous instructions
   //            to complete. Then any instructions already fetched are
   //            discarded and instruction processing continues in the
   //            environment established by the previous instructions."
   //
   //  semantic barrier instructions:
   //  (as defined in orderAccess.hpp)
   //
   //  - release  orders Store|Store,       (maps to lwsync)
   //                     Load|Store
   //  - acquire  orders  Load|Store,       (maps to lwsync)
   //                     Load|Load
   //  - fence    orders Store|Store,       (maps to sync)
   //                     Load|Store,
   //                     Load|Load,
   //                    Store|Load
   //
  private:
   inline void sync(int l);
  public:
   inline void sync();
   inline void lwsync();
   inline void ptesync();
   inline void eieio();
   inline void isync();
   inline void elemental_membar(int e); // Elemental Memory Barriers (>=Power 8)
   // atomics
   inline void lwarx_unchecked(Register d, Register a, Register b, int eh1 = 0);
   inline void ldarx_unchecked(Register d, Register a, Register b, int eh1 = 0);
   inline void lqarx_unchecked(Register d, Register a, Register b, int eh1 = 0);
   inline bool lxarx_hint_exclusive_access();
   inline void lwarx(  Register d, Register a, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access = false);
   inline void ldarx(  Register d, Register a, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access = false);
   inline void lqarx(  Register d, Register a, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access = false);
   inline void stwcx_( Register s, Register a, Register b);
   inline void stdcx_( Register s, Register a, Register b);
   inline void stqcx_( Register s, Register a, Register b);
   // Instructions for adjusting thread priority for simultaneous
   // multithreading (SMT) on Power5.
  private:
   inline void smt_prio_very_low();
   inline void smt_prio_medium_high();
   inline void smt_prio_high();
  public:
   inline void smt_prio_low();
   inline void smt_prio_medium_low();
   inline void smt_prio_medium();
   // trap instructions
   inline void twi_0(Register a); // for load with acquire semantics use load+twi_0+isync (trap can't occur)
   // NOT FOR DIRECT USE!!
  protected:
   inline void tdi_unchecked(int tobits, Register a, int si16);
   inline void twi_unchecked(int tobits, Register a, int si16);
   inline void tdi(          int tobits, Register a, int si16);   // asserts UseSIGTRAP
   inline void twi(          int tobits, Register a, int si16);   // asserts UseSIGTRAP
   inline void td(           int tobits, Register a, Register b); // asserts UseSIGTRAP
   inline void tw(           int tobits, Register a, Register b); // asserts UseSIGTRAP
   static bool is_tdi(int x, int tobits, int ra, int si16) {
      return (TDI_OPCODE == (x & TDI_OPCODE_MASK))
          && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
          && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
          && (si16 == inv_si_field(x));
   }
   static bool is_twi(int x, int tobits, int ra, int si16) {
      return (TWI_OPCODE == (x & TWI_OPCODE_MASK))
          && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
          && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
          && (si16 == inv_si_field(x));
   }
   static bool is_twi(int x, int tobits, int ra) {
      return (TWI_OPCODE == (x & TWI_OPCODE_MASK))
          && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
          && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x));
   }
   static bool is_td(int x, int tobits, int ra, int rb) {
      return (TD_OPCODE == (x & TD_OPCODE_MASK))
          && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
          && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
          && (rb == -1/*any reg*/ || rb == inv_rb_field(x));
   }
   static bool is_tw(int x, int tobits, int ra, int rb) {
      return (TW_OPCODE == (x & TW_OPCODE_MASK))
          && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
          && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
          && (rb == -1/*any reg*/ || rb == inv_rb_field(x));
   }
  public:
   // PPC floating point instructions
   // PPC 1, section 4.6.2 Floating-Point Load Instructions
   inline void lfs(  FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
   inline void lfsu( FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
   inline void lfsx( FloatRegister d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void lfd(  FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
   inline void lfdu( FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
   inline void lfdx( FloatRegister d, Register a, Register b);
   // PPC 1, section 4.6.3 Floating-Point Store Instructions
   inline void stfs(  FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
   inline void stfsu( FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
   inline void stfsx( FloatRegister s, Register a, Register b);
   inline void stfd(  FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
   inline void stfdu( FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
   inline void stfdx( FloatRegister s, Register a, Register b);
   // PPC 1, section 4.6.4 Floating-Point Move Instructions
   inline void fmr(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fmr_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   //  inline void mffgpr( FloatRegister d, Register b);
   //  inline void mftgpr( Register d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void cmpb(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
   inline void popcntb(Register a, Register s);
   inline void popcntw(Register a, Register s);
   inline void popcntd(Register a, Register s);
   inline void fneg(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fneg_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fabs(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fabs_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fnabs( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fnabs_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   // PPC 1, section 4.6.5.1 Floating-Point Elementary Arithmetic Instructions
   inline void fadd(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fadd_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fadds( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fadds_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fsub(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fsub_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fsubs( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fsubs_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fmul(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
   inline void fmul_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
   inline void fmuls( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
   inline void fmuls_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
   inline void fdiv(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fdiv_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fdivs( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fdivs_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   // PPC 1, section 4.6.6 Floating-Point Rounding and Conversion Instructions
   inline void frsp(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fctid( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fctidz(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fctiw( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fctiwz(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fcfid( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fcfids(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   // PPC 1, section 4.6.7 Floating-Point Compare Instructions
   inline void fcmpu( ConditionRegister crx, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fsqrt( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   inline void fsqrts(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
   // Vector instructions for >= Power6.
   inline void lvebx(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void lvehx(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void lvewx(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void lvx(      VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void lvxl(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void stvebx(   VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void stvehx(   VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void stvewx(   VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void stvx(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void stvxl(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void lvsl(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void lvsr(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
   inline void vpkpx(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vpkshss(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vpkswss(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vpkshus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vpkswus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vpkuhum(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vpkuwum(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vpkuhus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vpkuwus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vupkhpx(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vupkhsb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vupkhsh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vupklpx(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vupklsb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vupklsh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmrghb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmrghw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmrghh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmrglb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmrglw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmrglh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsplt(    VectorRegister d, int ui4,          VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsplth(   VectorRegister d, int ui3,          VectorRegister b);
   inline void vspltw(   VectorRegister d, int ui2,          VectorRegister b);
   inline void vspltisb( VectorRegister d, int si5);
   inline void vspltish( VectorRegister d, int si5);
   inline void vspltisw( VectorRegister d, int si5);
   inline void vperm(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   inline void vsel(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   inline void vsl(      VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsldoi(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, int ui4);
   inline void vslo(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsr(      VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsro(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vaddcuw(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vaddshs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vaddsbs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vaddsws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vaddubm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vadduwm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vadduhm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vaddubs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vadduws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vadduhs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsubcuw(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsubshs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsubsbs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsubsws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsububm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsubuwm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsubuhm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsububs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsubuws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsubuhs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmulesb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmuleub(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmulesh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmuleuh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmulosb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmuloub(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmulosh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmulouh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmhaddshs(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   inline void vmhraddshs(VectorRegister d,VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   inline void vmladduhm(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   inline void vmsubuhm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   inline void vmsummbm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   inline void vmsumshm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   inline void vmsumshs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   inline void vmsumuhm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   inline void vmsumuhs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   inline void vsumsws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsum2sws( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsum4sbs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsum4ubs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsum4shs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vavgsb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vavgsw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vavgsh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vavgub(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vavguw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vavguh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmaxsb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmaxsw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmaxsh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmaxub(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmaxuw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vmaxuh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vminsb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vminsw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vminsh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vminub(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vminuw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vminuh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpequb( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpequh( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpequw( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtsh( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtsb( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtsw( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtub( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtuh( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtuw( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpequb_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpequh_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpequw_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtsh_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtsb_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtsw_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtub_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtuh_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcmpgtuw_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vand(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vandc(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vnor(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vor(      VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vxor(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vrld(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vrlb(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vrlw(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vrlh(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vslb(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vskw(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vslh(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsrb(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsrw(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsrh(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsrab(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsraw(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsrah(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   // Vector Floating-Point not implemented yet
   inline void mtvscr(   VectorRegister b);
   inline void mfvscr(   VectorRegister d);
   // Vector-Scalar (VSX) instructions.
   inline void lxvd2x(   VectorSRegister d, Register a);
   inline void lxvd2x(   VectorSRegister d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void stxvd2x(  VectorSRegister d, Register a);
   inline void stxvd2x(  VectorSRegister d, Register a, Register b);
   inline void mtvrd(    VectorRegister  d, Register a);
   inline void mfvrd(    Register        a, VectorRegister d);
   // AES (introduced with Power 8)
   inline void vcipher(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vcipherlast( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vncipher(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vncipherlast(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vsbox(       VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a);
   // SHA (introduced with Power 8)
   // Not yet implemented.
   // Vector Binary Polynomial Multiplication (introduced with Power 8)
   inline void vpmsumb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vpmsumd(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vpmsumh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   inline void vpmsumw(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
   // Vector Permute and Xor (introduced with Power 8)
   inline void vpermxor( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
   // Transactional Memory instructions (introduced with Power 8)
   inline void tbegin_();    // R=0
   inline void tbeginrot_(); // R=1 Rollback-Only Transaction
   inline void tend_();    // A=0
   inline void tendall_(); // A=1
   inline void tabort_(Register a);
   inline void tabortwc_(int t, Register a, Register b);
   inline void tabortwci_(int t, Register a, int si);
   inline void tabortdc_(int t, Register a, Register b);
   inline void tabortdci_(int t, Register a, int si);
   inline void tsuspend_(); // tsr with L=0
   inline void tresume_();  // tsr with L=1
   inline void tcheck(int f);
   // The following encoders use r0 as second operand. These instructions
   // read r0 as '0'.
   inline void lwzx( Register d, Register s2);
   inline void lwz(  Register d, int si16);
   inline void lwax( Register d, Register s2);
   inline void lwa(  Register d, int si16);
   inline void lwbrx(Register d, Register s2);
   inline void lhzx( Register d, Register s2);
   inline void lhz(  Register d, int si16);
   inline void lhax( Register d, Register s2);
   inline void lha(  Register d, int si16);
   inline void lhbrx(Register d, Register s2);
   inline void lbzx( Register d, Register s2);
   inline void lbz(  Register d, int si16);
   inline void ldx(  Register d, Register s2);
   inline void ld(   Register d, int si16);
   inline void stwx( Register d, Register s2);
   inline void stw(  Register d, int si16);
   inline void sthx( Register d, Register s2);
   inline void sth(  Register d, int si16);
   inline void stbx( Register d, Register s2);
   inline void stb(  Register d, int si16);
   inline void stdx( Register d, Register s2);
   inline void std(  Register d, int si16);
   // PPC 2, section 3.2.1 Instruction Cache Instructions
   inline void icbi(    Register s2);
   // PPC 2, section 3.2.2 Data Cache Instructions
   //inlinevoid dcba(   Register s2); // Instruction for embedded processor only.
   inline void dcbz(    Register s2);
   inline void dcbst(   Register s2);
   inline void dcbf(    Register s2);
   // dcache read hint
   inline void dcbt(    Register s2);
   inline void dcbtct(  Register s2, int ct);
   inline void dcbtds(  Register s2, int ds);
   // dcache write hint
   inline void dcbtst(  Register s2);
   inline void dcbtstct(Register s2, int ct);
   // Atomics: use ra0mem to disallow R0 as base.
   inline void lwarx_unchecked(Register d, Register b, int eh1);
   inline void ldarx_unchecked(Register d, Register b, int eh1);
   inline void lqarx_unchecked(Register d, Register b, int eh1);
   inline void lwarx( Register d, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access);
   inline void ldarx( Register d, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access);
   inline void lqarx( Register d, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access);
   inline void stwcx_(Register s, Register b);
   inline void stdcx_(Register s, Register b);
   inline void stqcx_(Register s, Register b);
   inline void lfs(   FloatRegister d, int si16);
   inline void lfsx(  FloatRegister d, Register b);
   inline void lfd(   FloatRegister d, int si16);
   inline void lfdx(  FloatRegister d, Register b);
   inline void stfs(  FloatRegister s, int si16);
   inline void stfsx( FloatRegister s, Register b);
   inline void stfd(  FloatRegister s, int si16);
   inline void stfdx( FloatRegister s, Register b);
   inline void lvebx( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   inline void lvehx( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   inline void lvewx( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   inline void lvx(   VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   inline void lvxl(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   inline void stvebx(VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   inline void stvehx(VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   inline void stvewx(VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   inline void stvx(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   inline void stvxl( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   inline void lvsl(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   inline void lvsr(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
   // RegisterOrConstant versions.
   // These emitters choose between the versions using two registers and
   // those with register and immediate, depending on the content of roc.
   // If the constant is not encodable as immediate, instructions to
   // load the constant are emitted beforehand. Store instructions need a
   // tmp reg if the constant is not encodable as immediate.
   // Size unpredictable.
   void ld(  Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
   void lwa( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
   void lwz( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
   void lha( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
   void lhz( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
   void lbz( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
   void std( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
   void stw( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
   void sth( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
   void stb( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
   void add( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1);
   void subf(Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1);
   void cmpd(ConditionRegister d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1);
   // Emit several instructions to load a 64 bit constant. This issues a fixed
   // instruction pattern so that the constant can be patched later on.
   enum {
     load_const_size = 5 * BytesPerInstWord
   };
          void load_const(Register d, long a,            Register tmp = noreg);
   inline void load_const(Register d, void* a,           Register tmp = noreg);
   inline void load_const(Register d, Label& L,          Register tmp = noreg);
   inline void load_const(Register d, AddressLiteral& a, Register tmp = noreg);
   // Load a 64 bit constant, optimized, not identifyable.
   // Tmp can be used to increase ILP. Set return_simm16_rest = true to get a
   // 16 bit immediate offset. This is useful if the offset can be encoded in
   // a succeeding instruction.
          int load_const_optimized(Register d, long a,  Register tmp = noreg, bool return_simm16_rest = false);
   inline int load_const_optimized(Register d, void* a, Register tmp = noreg, bool return_simm16_rest = false) {
     return load_const_optimized(d, (long)(unsigned long)a, tmp, return_simm16_rest);
   }
   // Creation
   Assembler(CodeBuffer* code) : AbstractAssembler(code) {
 #ifdef CHECK_DELAY
     delay_state = no_delay;
 #endif
   }
   // Testing
 #ifndef PRODUCT
   void test_asm();
 #endif
 };
 #endif // CPU_PPC_VM_ASSEMBLER_PPC_HPP

Mercurial > jdk8-mips64-public > hotspot / annotate

src/cpu/ppc/vm/assembler_ppc.hpp@69f33959c27f (annotated)

src/cpu/ppc/vm/assembler_ppc.hpp