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  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

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  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

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  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

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  *

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 // @@3RD PARTY CODE@@

 // XMLWriter.java - serialize an XML document.

 // Written by David Megginson, david@megginson.com

 // NO WARRANTY!  This class is in the public domain.

 // Id: XMLWriter.java,v 1.5 2000/09/17 01:08:16 david Exp

 package com.sun.xml.internal.bind.marshaller;

 import java.io.IOException;

 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;

 import java.io.Writer;

 import java.util.HashMap;

 import java.util.Map;

 import org.xml.sax.Attributes;

 import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

 import org.xml.sax.helpers.AttributesImpl;

 import org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLFilterImpl;

 /**

  * Filter to write an XML document from a SAX event stream.

  *

  * <p>This class can be used by itself or as part of a SAX event

  * stream: it takes as input a series of SAX2 ContentHandler

  * events and uses the information in those events to write

  * an XML document.  Since this class is a filter, it can also

  * pass the events on down a filter chain for further processing

  * (you can use the XMLWriter to take a snapshot of the current

  * state at any point in a filter chain), and it can be

  * used directly as a ContentHandler for a SAX2 XMLReader.</p>

  *

  * <p>The client creates a document by invoking the methods for

  * standard SAX2 events, always beginning with the

  * {@link #startDocument startDocument} method and ending with

  * the {@link #endDocument endDocument} method.  There are convenience

  * methods provided so that clients to not have to create empty

  * attribute lists or provide empty strings as parameters; for

  * example, the method invocation</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * w.startElement("foo");

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>is equivalent to the regular SAX2 ContentHandler method</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * w.startElement("", "foo", "", new AttributesImpl());

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>Except that it is more efficient because it does not allocate

  * a new empty attribute list each time.  The following code will send

  * a simple XML document to standard output:</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * XMLWriter w = new XMLWriter();

  *

  * w.startDocument();

  * w.startElement("greeting");

  * w.characters("Hello, world!");

  * w.endElement("greeting");

  * w.endDocument();

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>The resulting document will look like this:</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>

  *

  * <greeting>Hello, world!</greeting>

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>In fact, there is an even simpler convenience method,

  * <var>dataElement</var>, designed for writing elements that

  * contain only character data, so the code to generate the

  * document could be shortened to</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * XMLWriter w = new XMLWriter();

  *

  * w.startDocument();

  * w.dataElement("greeting", "Hello, world!");

  * w.endDocument();

  * </pre>

  *

  * <h2>Whitespace</h2>

  *

  * <p>According to the XML Recommendation, <em>all</em> whitespace

  * in an XML document is potentially significant to an application,

  * so this class never adds newlines or indentation.  If you

  * insert three elements in a row, as in</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * w.dataElement("item", "1");

  * w.dataElement("item", "2");

  * w.dataElement("item", "3");

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>you will end up with</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * <item>1</item><item>3</item><item>3</item>

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>You need to invoke one of the <var>characters</var> methods

  * explicitly to add newlines or indentation.  Alternatively, you

  * can use {@link DataWriter}, which

  * is derived from this class -- it is optimized for writing

  * purely data-oriented (or field-oriented) XML, and does automatic

  * linebreaks and indentation (but does not support mixed content

  * properly).</p>

  *

  *

  * <h2>Namespace Support</h2>

  *

  * <p>The writer contains extensive support for XML Namespaces, so that

  * a client application does not have to keep track of prefixes and

  * supply <var>xmlns</var> attributes.  By default, the XML writer will

  * generate Namespace declarations in the form _NS1, _NS2, etc., wherever

  * they are needed, as in the following example:</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * w.startDocument();

  * w.emptyElement("http://www.foo.com/ns/", "foo");

  * w.endDocument();

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>The resulting document will look like this:</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>

  *

  * <_NS1:foo xmlns:_NS1="http://www.foo.com/ns/"/>

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>In many cases, document authors will prefer to choose their

  * own prefixes rather than using the (ugly) default names.  The

  * XML writer allows two methods for selecting prefixes:</p>

  *

  * <ol>

  * <li>the qualified name</li>

  * </ol>

  *

  * <p>Whenever the XML writer finds a new Namespace URI, it checks

  * to see if a qualified (prefixed) name is also available; if so

  * it attempts to use the name's prefix (as long as the prefix is

  * not already in use for another Namespace URI).</p>

  *

  * <p>The resulting document will look like this:</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>

  *

  * <foo:foo xmlns:foo="http://www.foo.com/ns/"/>

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>The default Namespace simply uses an empty string as the prefix:</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * w.setPrefix("http://www.foo.com/ns/", "");

  * w.startDocument();

  * w.emptyElement("http://www.foo.com/ns/", "foo");

  * w.endDocument();

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>The resulting document will look like this:</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>

  *

  * <foo xmlns="http://www.foo.com/ns/"/>

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>By default, the XML writer will not declare a Namespace until

  * it is actually used.  Sometimes, this approach will create

  * a large number of Namespace declarations, as in the following

  * example:</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * <xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>

  *

  * <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">

  *  <rdf:Description about="http://www.foo.com/ids/books/12345">

  *   <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://www.purl.org/dc/">A Dark Night</dc:title>

  *   <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://www.purl.org/dc/">Jane Smith</dc:title>

  *   <dc:date xmlns:dc="http://www.purl.org/dc/">2000-09-09</dc:title>

  *  </rdf:Description>

  * </rdf:RDF>

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>The "rdf" prefix is declared only once, because the RDF Namespace

  * is used by the root element and can be inherited by all of its

  * descendants; the "dc" prefix, on the other hand, is declared three

  * times, because no higher element uses the Namespace.  To solve this

  * problem, you can instruct the XML writer to predeclare Namespaces

  * on the root element even if they are not used there:</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * w.forceNSDecl("http://www.purl.org/dc/");

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>Now, the "dc" prefix will be declared on the root element even

  * though it's not needed there, and can be inherited by its

  * descendants:</p>

  *

  * <pre>

  * <xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>

  *

  * <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"

  *             xmlns:dc="http://www.purl.org/dc/">

  *  <rdf:Description about="http://www.foo.com/ids/books/12345">

  *   <dc:title>A Dark Night</dc:title>

  *   <dc:creator>Jane Smith</dc:title>

  *   <dc:date>2000-09-09</dc:title>

  *  </rdf:Description>

  * </rdf:RDF>

  * </pre>

  *

  * <p>This approach is also useful for declaring Namespace prefixes

  * that be used by qualified names appearing in attribute values or

  * character data.</p>

  *

  * @author David Megginson, david@megginson.com

  * @version 0.2

  * @since JAXB1.0

  * @see org.xml.sax.XMLFilter

  * @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler

  */

 public class XMLWriter extends XMLFilterImpl

 {

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     // Constructors.

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     /**

      * Create a new XML writer.

      *

      * <p>Write to the writer provided.</p>

      *

      * @param writer

      *      The output destination, or null to use standard output.

      * @param encoding

      *      If non-null string is specified, it is written as a part

      *      of the XML declaration.

      */

     public XMLWriter (Writer writer, String encoding, CharacterEscapeHandler _escapeHandler )

     {

         init(writer,encoding);

         this.escapeHandler = _escapeHandler;

     }

     public XMLWriter (Writer writer, String encoding ) {

         this( writer, encoding, DumbEscapeHandler.theInstance );

     }

     /**

      * Internal initialization method.

      *

      * <p>All of the public constructors invoke this method.

      *

      * @param writer The output destination, or null to use

      *        standard output.

      */

     private void init (Writer writer,String encoding)

     {

         setOutput(writer,encoding);

     }

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     // Public methods.

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     /**

      * Reset the writer.

      *

      * <p>This method is especially useful if the writer throws an

      * exception before it is finished, and you want to reuse the

      * writer for a new document.  It is usually a good idea to

      * invoke {@link #flush flush} before resetting the writer,

      * to make sure that no output is lost.</p>

      *

      * <p>This method is invoked automatically by the

      * {@link #startDocument startDocument} method before writing

      * a new document.</p>

      *

      * <p><strong>Note:</strong> this method will <em>not</em>

      * clear the prefix or URI information in the writer or

      * the selected output writer.</p>

      *

      * @see #flush()

      */

     public void reset ()

     {

         elementLevel = 0;

         startTagIsClosed = true;

     }

     /**

      * Flush the output.

      *

      * <p>This method flushes the output stream.  It is especially useful

      * when you need to make certain that the entire document has

      * been written to output but do not want to close the output

      * stream.</p>

      *

      * <p>This method is invoked automatically by the

      * {@link #endDocument endDocument} method after writing a

      * document.</p>

      *

      * @see #reset()

      */

     public void flush ()

         throws IOException

     {

         output.flush();

     }

     /**

      * Set a new output destination for the document.

      *

      * @param writer The output destination, or null to use

      *        standard output.

      * @see #flush()

      */

     public void setOutput (Writer writer,String _encoding)

     {

         if (writer == null) {

             output = new OutputStreamWriter(System.out);

         } else {

             output = writer;

         }

         encoding = _encoding;

     }

     /**

      * Set whether the writer should print out the XML declaration

      * (<?xml version='1.0' ... ?>).

      * <p>

      * This option is set to true by default.

      */

     public void setXmlDecl( boolean _writeXmlDecl ) {

         this.writeXmlDecl = _writeXmlDecl;

     }

     /**

      * Sets the header string.

      *

      * This string will be written right after the xml declaration

      * without any escaping. Useful for generating a boiler-plate

      * DOCTYPE decl, PIs, and comments.

      *

      * @param _header

      *      passing null will work as if the empty string is passed.

      */

     public void setHeader( String _header ) {

         this.header = _header;

     }

     private final HashMap<String,String> locallyDeclaredPrefix = new HashMap<String,String>();

     public void startPrefixMapping( String prefix, String uri ) throws SAXException {

         locallyDeclaredPrefix.put(prefix,uri);

     }

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     // Methods from org.xml.sax.ContentHandler.

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     /**

      * Write the XML declaration at the beginning of the document.

      *

      * Pass the event on down the filter chain for further processing.

      *

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the XML declaration, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#startDocument()

      */

     public void startDocument ()

         throws SAXException

     {

         try {

             reset();

             if(writeXmlDecl) {

                 String e="";

                 if(encoding!=null)

                     e = " encoding=\""+encoding+'\"';

                 writeXmlDecl("<?xml version=\"1.0\""+e +" standalone=\"yes\"?>");

             }

             if(header!=null)

                 write(header);

             super.startDocument();

         } catch( IOException e ) {

             throw new SAXException(e);

         }

     }

     protected void writeXmlDecl(String decl) throws IOException {

         write(decl);

     }

     /**

      * Write a newline at the end of the document.

      *

      * Pass the event on down the filter chain for further processing.

      *

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the newline, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#endDocument()

      */

     public void endDocument ()

         throws SAXException

     {

         try {

             super.endDocument();

             flush();

         } catch( IOException e ) {

             throw new SAXException(e);

         }

     }

     /**

      * Write a start tag.

      *

      * Pass the event on down the filter chain for further processing.

      *

      * @param uri The Namespace URI, or the empty string if none

      *        is available.

      * @param localName The element's local (unprefixed) name (required).

      * @param qName The element's qualified (prefixed) name, or the

      *        empty string is none is available.  This method will

      *        use the qName as a template for generating a prefix

      *        if necessary, but it is not guaranteed to use the

      *        same qName.

      * @param atts The element's attribute list (must not be null).

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the start tag, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#startElement(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, org.xml.sax.Attributes)

      */

     public void startElement (String uri, String localName,

                               String qName, Attributes atts)

         throws SAXException

     {

         try {

             if (!startTagIsClosed) {

                 write(">");

             }

             elementLevel++;

 //            nsSupport.pushContext();

             write('<');

             write(qName);

             writeAttributes(atts);

             // declare namespaces specified by the startPrefixMapping methods

             if(!locallyDeclaredPrefix.isEmpty()) {

                 for (Map.Entry<String,String> e : locallyDeclaredPrefix.entrySet()) {

                     String p = e.getKey();

                     String u = e.getValue();

                     if (u == null) {

                         u = "";

                     }

                     write(' ');

                     if ("".equals(p)) {

                         write("xmlns=\"");

                     } else {

                         write("xmlns:");

                         write(p);

                         write("=\"");

                     }

                     char ch[] = u.toCharArray();

                     writeEsc(ch, 0, ch.length, true);

                     write('\"');

                 }

                 locallyDeclaredPrefix.clear();  // clear the contents

             }

 //            if (elementLevel == 1) {

 //                forceNSDecls();

 //            }

 //            writeNSDecls();

             super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, atts);

             startTagIsClosed = false;

         } catch( IOException e ) {

             throw new SAXException(e);

         }

     }

     /**

      * Write an end tag.

      *

      * Pass the event on down the filter chain for further processing.

      *

      * @param uri The Namespace URI, or the empty string if none

      *        is available.

      * @param localName The element's local (unprefixed) name (required).

      * @param qName The element's qualified (prefixed) name, or the

      *        empty string is none is available.  This method will

      *        use the qName as a template for generating a prefix

      *        if necessary, but it is not guaranteed to use the

      *        same qName.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the end tag, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#endElement(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String)

      */

     public void endElement (String uri, String localName, String qName)

         throws SAXException

     {

         try {

             if (startTagIsClosed) {

                 write("</");

                 write(qName);

                 write('>');

             } else {

                 write("/>");

                 startTagIsClosed = true;

             }

             super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);

 //            nsSupport.popContext();

             elementLevel--;

         } catch( IOException e ) {

             throw new SAXException(e);

         }

     }

     /**

      * Write character data.

      *

      * Pass the event on down the filter chain for further processing.

      *

      * @param ch The array of characters to write.

      * @param start The starting position in the array.

      * @param len The number of characters to write.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the characters, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#characters(char[], int, int)

      */

     public void characters (char ch[], int start, int len)

         throws SAXException

     {

         try {

             if (!startTagIsClosed) {

                 write('>');

                 startTagIsClosed = true;

             }

             writeEsc(ch, start, len, false);

             super.characters(ch, start, len);

         } catch( IOException e ) {

             throw new SAXException(e);

         }

     }

     /**

      * Write ignorable whitespace.

      *

      * Pass the event on down the filter chain for further processing.

      *

      * @param ch The array of characters to write.

      * @param start The starting position in the array.

      * @param length The number of characters to write.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the whitespace, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#ignorableWhitespace(char[], int, int)

      */

     public void ignorableWhitespace (char ch[], int start, int length)

         throws SAXException

     {

         try {

             writeEsc(ch, start, length, false);

             super.ignorableWhitespace(ch, start, length);

         } catch( IOException e ) {

             throw new SAXException(e);

         }

     }

     /**

      * Write a processing instruction.

      *

      * Pass the event on down the filter chain for further processing.

      *

      * @param target The PI target.

      * @param data The PI data.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the PI, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#processingInstruction(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)

      */

     public void processingInstruction (String target, String data)

         throws SAXException

     {

         try {

             if (!startTagIsClosed) {

                 write('>');

                 startTagIsClosed = true;

             }

             write("<?");

             write(target);

             write(' ');

             write(data);

             write("?>");

             if (elementLevel < 1) {

                 write('\n');

             }

             super.processingInstruction(target, data);

         } catch( IOException e ) {

             throw new SAXException(e);

         }

     }

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     // Convenience methods.

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     /**

      * Start a new element without a qname or attributes.

      *

      * <p>This method will provide a default empty attribute

      * list and an empty string for the qualified name.

      * It invokes {@link

      * #startElement(String, String, String, Attributes)}

      * directly.</p>

      *

      * @param uri The element's Namespace URI.

      * @param localName The element's local name.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the start tag, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see #startElement(String, String, String, Attributes)

      */

     public void startElement (String uri, String localName)

         throws SAXException

     {

         startElement(uri, localName, "", EMPTY_ATTS);

     }

     /**

      * Start a new element without a qname, attributes or a Namespace URI.

      *

      * <p>This method will provide an empty string for the

      * Namespace URI, and empty string for the qualified name,

      * and a default empty attribute list. It invokes

      * #startElement(String, String, String, Attributes)}

      * directly.</p>

      *

      * @param localName The element's local name.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the start tag, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see #startElement(String, String, String, Attributes)

      */

     public void startElement (String localName)

         throws SAXException

     {

         startElement("", localName, "", EMPTY_ATTS);

     }

     /**

      * End an element without a qname.

      *

      * <p>This method will supply an empty string for the qName.

      * It invokes {@link #endElement(String, String, String)}

      * directly.</p>

      *

      * @param uri The element's Namespace URI.

      * @param localName The element's local name.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the end tag, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see #endElement(String, String, String)

      */

     public void endElement (String uri, String localName)

         throws SAXException

     {

         endElement(uri, localName, "");

     }

     /**

      * End an element without a Namespace URI or qname.

      *

      * <p>This method will supply an empty string for the qName

      * and an empty string for the Namespace URI.

      * It invokes {@link #endElement(String, String, String)}

      * directly.</p>

      *

      * @param localName The element's local name.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the end tag, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see #endElement(String, String, String)

      */

     public void endElement (String localName)

         throws SAXException

     {

         endElement("", localName, "");

     }

     /**

      * Write an element with character data content.

      *

      * <p>This is a convenience method to write a complete element

      * with character data content, including the start tag

      * and end tag.</p>

      *

      * <p>This method invokes

      * {@link #startElement(String, String, String, Attributes)},

      * followed by

      * {@link #characters(String)}, followed by

      * {@link #endElement(String, String, String)}.</p>

      *

      * @param uri The element's Namespace URI.

      * @param localName The element's local name.

      * @param qName The element's default qualified name.

      * @param atts The element's attributes.

      * @param content The character data content.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the empty tag, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see #startElement(String, String, String, Attributes)

      * @see #characters(String)

      * @see #endElement(String, String, String)

      */

     public void dataElement (String uri, String localName,

                              String qName, Attributes atts,

                              String content)

         throws SAXException

     {

         startElement(uri, localName, qName, atts);

         characters(content);

         endElement(uri, localName, qName);

     }

     /**

      * Write an element with character data content but no attributes.

      *

      * <p>This is a convenience method to write a complete element

      * with character data content, including the start tag

      * and end tag.  This method provides an empty string

      * for the qname and an empty attribute list.</p>

      *

      * <p>This method invokes

      * {@link #startElement(String, String, String, Attributes)},

      * followed by

      * {@link #characters(String)}, followed by

      * {@link #endElement(String, String, String)}.</p>

      *

      * @param uri The element's Namespace URI.

      * @param localName The element's local name.

      * @param content The character data content.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the empty tag, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see #startElement(String, String, String, Attributes)

      * @see #characters(String)

      * @see #endElement(String, String, String)

      */

     public void dataElement (String uri, String localName, String content)

         throws SAXException

     {

         dataElement(uri, localName, "", EMPTY_ATTS, content);

     }

     /**

      * Write an element with character data content but no attributes or Namespace URI.

      *

      * <p>This is a convenience method to write a complete element

      * with character data content, including the start tag

      * and end tag.  The method provides an empty string for the

      * Namespace URI, and empty string for the qualified name,

      * and an empty attribute list.</p>

      *

      * <p>This method invokes

      * {@link #startElement(String, String, String, Attributes)},

      * followed by

      * {@link #characters(String)}, followed by

      * {@link #endElement(String, String, String)}.</p>

      *

      * @param localName The element's local name.

      * @param content The character data content.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the empty tag, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see #startElement(String, String, String, Attributes)

      * @see #characters(String)

      * @see #endElement(String, String, String)

      */

     public void dataElement (String localName, String content)

         throws SAXException

     {

         dataElement("", localName, "", EMPTY_ATTS, content);

     }

     /**

      * Write a string of character data, with XML escaping.

      *

      * <p>This is a convenience method that takes an XML

      * String, converts it to a character array, then invokes

      * {@link #characters(char[], int, int)}.</p>

      *

      * @param data The character data.

      * @exception org.xml.sax.SAXException If there is an error

      *            writing the string, or if a handler further down

      *            the filter chain raises an exception.

      * @see #characters(char[], int, int)

      */

     public void characters (String data) throws SAXException {

         try {

             if (!startTagIsClosed) {

                 write('>');

                 startTagIsClosed = true;

             }

             char ch[] = data.toCharArray();

             characters(ch, 0, ch.length);

         } catch( IOException e ) {

             throw new SAXException(e);

         }

     }

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     // Internal methods.

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     /**

      * Write a raw character.

      *

      * @param c The character to write.

      */

     protected final void write (char c) throws IOException {

         output.write(c);

     }

     /**

      * Write a raw string.

      */

     protected final void write(String s) throws IOException {

         output.write(s);

     }

     /**

      * Write out an attribute list, escaping values.

      *

      * The names will have prefixes added to them.

      *

      * @param atts The attribute list to write.

      */

     private void writeAttributes (Attributes atts) throws IOException {

         int len = atts.getLength();

         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {

             char ch[] = atts.getValue(i).toCharArray();

             write(' ');

             write(atts.getQName(i));

             write("=\"");

             writeEsc(ch, 0, ch.length, true);

             write('"');

         }

     }

     /**

      * Write an array of data characters with escaping.

      *

      * @param ch The array of characters.

      * @param start The starting position.

      * @param length The number of characters to use.

      * @param isAttVal true if this is an attribute value literal.

      */

     private void writeEsc (char ch[], int start,

                              int length, boolean isAttVal)

         throws IOException

     {

         escapeHandler.escape(ch, start, length, isAttVal, output);

     }

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     // Constants.

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     private final Attributes EMPTY_ATTS = new AttributesImpl();

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     // Internal state.

     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     private int elementLevel = 0;

     private Writer output;

     private String encoding;

     private boolean writeXmlDecl = true;

     /**

      * This string will be written right after the xml declaration

      * without any escaping. Useful for generating a boiler-plate DOCTYPE decl

      * , PIs, and comments.

      */

     private String header=null;

     private final CharacterEscapeHandler escapeHandler;

     private boolean startTagIsClosed = true;

 }

 // end of XMLWriter.java