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 /*

  * Copyright (c) 2003, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

  *

  */

 #include "precompiled.hpp"

 #include "asm/macroAssembler.hpp"

 #include "asm/macroAssembler.inline.hpp"

 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"

 #include "nativeInst_x86.hpp"

 #include "oops/instanceOop.hpp"

 #include "oops/method.hpp"

 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

 #include "prims/methodHandles.hpp"

 #include "runtime/frame.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"

 #include "runtime/stubCodeGenerator.hpp"

 #include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"

 #include "utilities/top.hpp"

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_linux

 # include "thread_linux.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_solaris

 # include "thread_solaris.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_windows

 # include "thread_windows.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_bsd

 # include "thread_bsd.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef COMPILER2

 #include "opto/runtime.hpp"

 #endif

 // Declaration and definition of StubGenerator (no .hpp file).

 // For a more detailed description of the stub routine structure

 // see the comment in stubRoutines.hpp

 #define __ _masm->

 #define TIMES_OOP (UseCompressedOops ? Address::times_4 : Address::times_8)

 #define a__ ((Assembler*)_masm)->

 #ifdef PRODUCT

 #define BLOCK_COMMENT(str) /* nothing */

 #else

 #define BLOCK_COMMENT(str) __ block_comment(str)

 #endif

 #define BIND(label) bind(label); BLOCK_COMMENT(#label ":")

 const int MXCSR_MASK = 0xFFC0;  // Mask out any pending exceptions

 // Stub Code definitions

 static address handle_unsafe_access() {

   JavaThread* thread = JavaThread::current();

   address pc = thread->saved_exception_pc();

   // pc is the instruction which we must emulate

   // doing a no-op is fine:  return garbage from the load

   // therefore, compute npc

   address npc = Assembler::locate_next_instruction(pc);

   // request an async exception

   thread->set_pending_unsafe_access_error();

   // return address of next instruction to execute

   return npc;

 }

 class StubGenerator: public StubCodeGenerator {

  private:

 #ifdef PRODUCT

 #define inc_counter_np(counter) (0)

 #else

   void inc_counter_np_(int& counter) {

     // This can destroy rscratch1 if counter is far from the code cache

     __ incrementl(ExternalAddress((address)&counter));

   }

 #define inc_counter_np(counter) \

   BLOCK_COMMENT("inc_counter " #counter); \

   inc_counter_np_(counter);

 #endif

   // Call stubs are used to call Java from C

   //

   // Linux Arguments:

   //    c_rarg0:   call wrapper address                   address

   //    c_rarg1:   result                                 address

   //    c_rarg2:   result type                            BasicType

   //    c_rarg3:   method                                 Method*

   //    c_rarg4:   (interpreter) entry point              address

   //    c_rarg5:   parameters                             intptr_t*

   //    16(rbp): parameter size (in words)              int

   //    24(rbp): thread                                 Thread*

   //

   //     [ return_from_Java     ] <--- rsp

   //     [ argument word n      ]

   //      ...

   // -12 [ argument word 1      ]

   // -11 [ saved r15            ] <--- rsp_after_call

   // -10 [ saved r14            ]

   //  -9 [ saved r13            ]

   //  -8 [ saved r12            ]

   //  -7 [ saved rbx            ]

   //  -6 [ call wrapper         ]

   //  -5 [ result               ]

   //  -4 [ result type          ]

   //  -3 [ method               ]

   //  -2 [ entry point          ]

   //  -1 [ parameters           ]

   //   0 [ saved rbp            ] <--- rbp

   //   1 [ return address       ]

   //   2 [ parameter size       ]

   //   3 [ thread               ]

   //

   // Windows Arguments:

   //    c_rarg0:   call wrapper address                   address

   //    c_rarg1:   result                                 address

   //    c_rarg2:   result type                            BasicType

   //    c_rarg3:   method                                 Method*

   //    48(rbp): (interpreter) entry point              address

   //    56(rbp): parameters                             intptr_t*

   //    64(rbp): parameter size (in words)              int

   //    72(rbp): thread                                 Thread*

   //

   //     [ return_from_Java     ] <--- rsp

   //     [ argument word n      ]

   //      ...

   // -28 [ argument word 1      ]

   // -27 [ saved xmm15          ] <--- rsp_after_call

   //     [ saved xmm7-xmm14     ]

   //  -9 [ saved xmm6           ] (each xmm register takes 2 slots)

   //  -7 [ saved r15            ]

   //  -6 [ saved r14            ]

   //  -5 [ saved r13            ]

   //  -4 [ saved r12            ]

   //  -3 [ saved rdi            ]

   //  -2 [ saved rsi            ]

   //  -1 [ saved rbx            ]

   //   0 [ saved rbp            ] <--- rbp

   //   1 [ return address       ]

   //   2 [ call wrapper         ]

   //   3 [ result               ]

   //   4 [ result type          ]

   //   5 [ method               ]

   //   6 [ entry point          ]

   //   7 [ parameters           ]

   //   8 [ parameter size       ]

   //   9 [ thread               ]

   //

   //    Windows reserves the callers stack space for arguments 1-4.

   //    We spill c_rarg0-c_rarg3 to this space.

   // Call stub stack layout word offsets from rbp

   enum call_stub_layout {

 #ifdef _WIN64

     xmm_save_first     = 6,  // save from xmm6

     xmm_save_last      = 15, // to xmm15

     xmm_save_base      = -9,

     rsp_after_call_off = xmm_save_base - 2 * (xmm_save_last - xmm_save_first), // -27

     r15_off            = -7,

     r14_off            = -6,

     r13_off            = -5,

     r12_off            = -4,

     rdi_off            = -3,

     rsi_off            = -2,

     rbx_off            = -1,

     rbp_off            =  0,

     retaddr_off        =  1,

     call_wrapper_off   =  2,

     result_off         =  3,

     result_type_off    =  4,

     method_off         =  5,

     entry_point_off    =  6,

     parameters_off     =  7,

     parameter_size_off =  8,

     thread_off         =  9

 #else

     rsp_after_call_off = -12,

     mxcsr_off          = rsp_after_call_off,

     r15_off            = -11,

     r14_off            = -10,

     r13_off            = -9,

     r12_off            = -8,

     rbx_off            = -7,

     call_wrapper_off   = -6,

     result_off         = -5,

     result_type_off    = -4,

     method_off         = -3,

     entry_point_off    = -2,

     parameters_off     = -1,

     rbp_off            =  0,

     retaddr_off        =  1,

     parameter_size_off =  2,

     thread_off         =  3

 #endif

   };

 #ifdef _WIN64

   Address xmm_save(int reg) {

     assert(reg >= xmm_save_first && reg <= xmm_save_last, "XMM register number out of range");

     return Address(rbp, (xmm_save_base - (reg - xmm_save_first) * 2) * wordSize);

   }

 #endif

   address generate_call_stub(address& return_address) {

     assert((int)frame::entry_frame_after_call_words == -(int)rsp_after_call_off + 1 &&

            (int)frame::entry_frame_call_wrapper_offset == (int)call_wrapper_off,

            "adjust this code");

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "call_stub");

     address start = __ pc();

     // same as in generate_catch_exception()!

     const Address rsp_after_call(rbp, rsp_after_call_off * wordSize);

     const Address call_wrapper  (rbp, call_wrapper_off   * wordSize);

     const Address result        (rbp, result_off         * wordSize);

     const Address result_type   (rbp, result_type_off    * wordSize);

     const Address method        (rbp, method_off         * wordSize);

     const Address entry_point   (rbp, entry_point_off    * wordSize);

     const Address parameters    (rbp, parameters_off     * wordSize);

     const Address parameter_size(rbp, parameter_size_off * wordSize);

     // same as in generate_catch_exception()!

     const Address thread        (rbp, thread_off         * wordSize);

     const Address r15_save(rbp, r15_off * wordSize);

     const Address r14_save(rbp, r14_off * wordSize);

     const Address r13_save(rbp, r13_off * wordSize);

     const Address r12_save(rbp, r12_off * wordSize);

     const Address rbx_save(rbp, rbx_off * wordSize);

     // stub code

     __ enter();

     __ subptr(rsp, -rsp_after_call_off * wordSize);

     // save register parameters

 #ifndef _WIN64

     __ movptr(parameters,   c_rarg5); // parameters

     __ movptr(entry_point,  c_rarg4); // entry_point

 #endif

     __ movptr(method,       c_rarg3); // method

     __ movl(result_type,  c_rarg2);   // result type

     __ movptr(result,       c_rarg1); // result

     __ movptr(call_wrapper, c_rarg0); // call wrapper

     // save regs belonging to calling function

     __ movptr(rbx_save, rbx);

     __ movptr(r12_save, r12);

     __ movptr(r13_save, r13);

     __ movptr(r14_save, r14);

     __ movptr(r15_save, r15);

 #ifdef _WIN64

     for (int i = 6; i <= 15; i++) {

       __ movdqu(xmm_save(i), as_XMMRegister(i));

     }

     const Address rdi_save(rbp, rdi_off * wordSize);

     const Address rsi_save(rbp, rsi_off * wordSize);

     __ movptr(rsi_save, rsi);

     __ movptr(rdi_save, rdi);

 #else

     const Address mxcsr_save(rbp, mxcsr_off * wordSize);

     {

       Label skip_ldmx;

       __ stmxcsr(mxcsr_save);

       __ movl(rax, mxcsr_save);

       __ andl(rax, MXCSR_MASK);    // Only check control and mask bits

       ExternalAddress mxcsr_std(StubRoutines::x86::mxcsr_std());

       __ cmp32(rax, mxcsr_std);

       __ jcc(Assembler::equal, skip_ldmx);

       __ ldmxcsr(mxcsr_std);

       __ bind(skip_ldmx);

     }

 #endif

     // Load up thread register

     __ movptr(r15_thread, thread);

     __ reinit_heapbase();

 #ifdef ASSERT

     // make sure we have no pending exceptions

     {

       Label L;

       __ cmpptr(Address(r15_thread, Thread::pending_exception_offset()), (int32_t)NULL_WORD);

       __ jcc(Assembler::equal, L);

       __ stop("StubRoutines::call_stub: entered with pending exception");

       __ bind(L);

     }

 #endif

     // pass parameters if any

     BLOCK_COMMENT("pass parameters if any");

     Label parameters_done;

     __ movl(c_rarg3, parameter_size);

     __ testl(c_rarg3, c_rarg3);

     __ jcc(Assembler::zero, parameters_done);

     Label loop;

     __ movptr(c_rarg2, parameters);       // parameter pointer

     __ movl(c_rarg1, c_rarg3);            // parameter counter is in c_rarg1

     __ BIND(loop);

     __ movptr(rax, Address(c_rarg2, 0));// get parameter

     __ addptr(c_rarg2, wordSize);       // advance to next parameter

     __ decrementl(c_rarg1);             // decrement counter

     __ push(rax);                       // pass parameter

     __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, loop);

     // call Java function

     __ BIND(parameters_done);

     __ movptr(rbx, method);             // get Method*

     __ movptr(c_rarg1, entry_point);    // get entry_point

     __ mov(r13, rsp);                   // set sender sp

     BLOCK_COMMENT("call Java function");

     __ call(c_rarg1);

     BLOCK_COMMENT("call_stub_return_address:");

     return_address = __ pc();

     // store result depending on type (everything that is not

     // T_OBJECT, T_LONG, T_FLOAT or T_DOUBLE is treated as T_INT)

     __ movptr(c_rarg0, result);

     Label is_long, is_float, is_double, exit;

     __ movl(c_rarg1, result_type);

     __ cmpl(c_rarg1, T_OBJECT);

     __ jcc(Assembler::equal, is_long);

     __ cmpl(c_rarg1, T_LONG);

     __ jcc(Assembler::equal, is_long);

     __ cmpl(c_rarg1, T_FLOAT);

     __ jcc(Assembler::equal, is_float);

     __ cmpl(c_rarg1, T_DOUBLE);

     __ jcc(Assembler::equal, is_double);

     // handle T_INT case

     __ movl(Address(c_rarg0, 0), rax);

     __ BIND(exit);

     // pop parameters

     __ lea(rsp, rsp_after_call);

 #ifdef ASSERT

     // verify that threads correspond

     {

       Label L, S;

       __ cmpptr(r15_thread, thread);

       __ jcc(Assembler::notEqual, S);

       __ get_thread(rbx);

       __ cmpptr(r15_thread, rbx);

       __ jcc(Assembler::equal, L);

       __ bind(S);

       __ jcc(Assembler::equal, L);

       __ stop("StubRoutines::call_stub: threads must correspond");

       __ bind(L);

     }

 #endif

     // restore regs belonging to calling function

 #ifdef _WIN64

     for (int i = 15; i >= 6; i--) {

       __ movdqu(as_XMMRegister(i), xmm_save(i));

     }

 #endif

     __ movptr(r15, r15_save);

     __ movptr(r14, r14_save);

     __ movptr(r13, r13_save);

     __ movptr(r12, r12_save);

     __ movptr(rbx, rbx_save);

 #ifdef _WIN64

     __ movptr(rdi, rdi_save);

     __ movptr(rsi, rsi_save);

 #else

     __ ldmxcsr(mxcsr_save);

 #endif

     // restore rsp

     __ addptr(rsp, -rsp_after_call_off * wordSize);

     // return

     __ pop(rbp);

     __ ret(0);

     // handle return types different from T_INT

     __ BIND(is_long);

     __ movq(Address(c_rarg0, 0), rax);

     __ jmp(exit);

     __ BIND(is_float);

     __ movflt(Address(c_rarg0, 0), xmm0);

     __ jmp(exit);

     __ BIND(is_double);

     __ movdbl(Address(c_rarg0, 0), xmm0);

     __ jmp(exit);

     return start;

   }

   // Return point for a Java call if there's an exception thrown in

   // Java code.  The exception is caught and transformed into a

   // pending exception stored in JavaThread that can be tested from

   // within the VM.

   //

   // Note: Usually the parameters are removed by the callee. In case

   // of an exception crossing an activation frame boundary, that is

   // not the case if the callee is compiled code => need to setup the

   // rsp.

   //

   // rax: exception oop

   address generate_catch_exception() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "catch_exception");

     address start = __ pc();

     // same as in generate_call_stub():

     const Address rsp_after_call(rbp, rsp_after_call_off * wordSize);

     const Address thread        (rbp, thread_off         * wordSize);

 #ifdef ASSERT

     // verify that threads correspond

     {

       Label L, S;

       __ cmpptr(r15_thread, thread);

       __ jcc(Assembler::notEqual, S);

       __ get_thread(rbx);

       __ cmpptr(r15_thread, rbx);

       __ jcc(Assembler::equal, L);

       __ bind(S);

       __ stop("StubRoutines::catch_exception: threads must correspond");

       __ bind(L);

     }

 #endif

     // set pending exception

     __ verify_oop(rax);

     __ movptr(Address(r15_thread, Thread::pending_exception_offset()), rax);

     __ lea(rscratch1, ExternalAddress((address)__FILE__));

     __ movptr(Address(r15_thread, Thread::exception_file_offset()), rscratch1);

     __ movl(Address(r15_thread, Thread::exception_line_offset()), (int)  __LINE__);

     // complete return to VM

     assert(StubRoutines::_call_stub_return_address != NULL,

            "_call_stub_return_address must have been generated before");

     __ jump(RuntimeAddress(StubRoutines::_call_stub_return_address));

     return start;

   }

   // Continuation point for runtime calls returning with a pending

   // exception.  The pending exception check happened in the runtime

   // or native call stub.  The pending exception in Thread is

   // converted into a Java-level exception.

   //

   // Contract with Java-level exception handlers:

   // rax: exception

   // rdx: throwing pc

   //

   // NOTE: At entry of this stub, exception-pc must be on stack !!

   address generate_forward_exception() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "forward exception");

     address start = __ pc();

     // Upon entry, the sp points to the return address returning into

     // Java (interpreted or compiled) code; i.e., the return address

     // becomes the throwing pc.

     //

     // Arguments pushed before the runtime call are still on the stack

     // but the exception handler will reset the stack pointer ->

     // ignore them.  A potential result in registers can be ignored as

     // well.

 #ifdef ASSERT

     // make sure this code is only executed if there is a pending exception

     {

       Label L;

       __ cmpptr(Address(r15_thread, Thread::pending_exception_offset()), (int32_t) NULL);

       __ jcc(Assembler::notEqual, L);

       __ stop("StubRoutines::forward exception: no pending exception (1)");

       __ bind(L);

     }

 #endif

     // compute exception handler into rbx

     __ movptr(c_rarg0, Address(rsp, 0));

     BLOCK_COMMENT("call exception_handler_for_return_address");

     __ call_VM_leaf(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address,

                          SharedRuntime::exception_handler_for_return_address),

                     r15_thread, c_rarg0);

     __ mov(rbx, rax);

     // setup rax & rdx, remove return address & clear pending exception

     __ pop(rdx);

     __ movptr(rax, Address(r15_thread, Thread::pending_exception_offset()));

     __ movptr(Address(r15_thread, Thread::pending_exception_offset()), (int32_t)NULL_WORD);

 #ifdef ASSERT

     // make sure exception is set

     {

       Label L;

       __ testptr(rax, rax);

       __ jcc(Assembler::notEqual, L);

       __ stop("StubRoutines::forward exception: no pending exception (2)");

       __ bind(L);

     }

 #endif

     // continue at exception handler (return address removed)

     // rax: exception

     // rbx: exception handler

     // rdx: throwing pc

     __ verify_oop(rax);

     __ jmp(rbx);

     return start;

   }

   // Support for jint atomic::xchg(jint exchange_value, volatile jint* dest)

   //

   // Arguments :

   //    c_rarg0: exchange_value

   //    c_rarg0: dest

   //

   // Result:

   //    *dest <- ex, return (orig *dest)

   address generate_atomic_xchg() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_xchg");

     address start = __ pc();

     __ movl(rax, c_rarg0); // Copy to eax we need a return value anyhow

     __ xchgl(rax, Address(c_rarg1, 0)); // automatic LOCK

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Support for intptr_t atomic::xchg_ptr(intptr_t exchange_value, volatile intptr_t* dest)

   //

   // Arguments :

   //    c_rarg0: exchange_value

   //    c_rarg1: dest

   //

   // Result:

   //    *dest <- ex, return (orig *dest)

   address generate_atomic_xchg_ptr() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_xchg_ptr");

     address start = __ pc();

     __ movptr(rax, c_rarg0); // Copy to eax we need a return value anyhow

     __ xchgptr(rax, Address(c_rarg1, 0)); // automatic LOCK

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Support for jint atomic::atomic_cmpxchg(jint exchange_value, volatile jint* dest,

   //                                         jint compare_value)

   //

   // Arguments :

   //    c_rarg0: exchange_value

   //    c_rarg1: dest

   //    c_rarg2: compare_value

   //

   // Result:

   //    if ( compare_value == *dest ) {

   //       *dest = exchange_value

   //       return compare_value;

   //    else

   //       return *dest;

   address generate_atomic_cmpxchg() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_cmpxchg");

     address start = __ pc();

     __ movl(rax, c_rarg2);

    if ( os::is_MP() ) __ lock();

     __ cmpxchgl(c_rarg0, Address(c_rarg1, 0));

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Support for jint atomic::atomic_cmpxchg_long(jlong exchange_value,

   //                                             volatile jlong* dest,

   //                                             jlong compare_value)

   // Arguments :

   //    c_rarg0: exchange_value

   //    c_rarg1: dest

   //    c_rarg2: compare_value

   //

   // Result:

   //    if ( compare_value == *dest ) {

   //       *dest = exchange_value

   //       return compare_value;

   //    else

   //       return *dest;

   address generate_atomic_cmpxchg_long() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_cmpxchg_long");

     address start = __ pc();

     __ movq(rax, c_rarg2);

    if ( os::is_MP() ) __ lock();

     __ cmpxchgq(c_rarg0, Address(c_rarg1, 0));

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Support for jint atomic::add(jint add_value, volatile jint* dest)

   //

   // Arguments :

   //    c_rarg0: add_value

   //    c_rarg1: dest

   //

   // Result:

   //    *dest += add_value

   //    return *dest;

   address generate_atomic_add() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_add");

     address start = __ pc();

     __ movl(rax, c_rarg0);

    if ( os::is_MP() ) __ lock();

     __ xaddl(Address(c_rarg1, 0), c_rarg0);

     __ addl(rax, c_rarg0);

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Support for intptr_t atomic::add_ptr(intptr_t add_value, volatile intptr_t* dest)

   //

   // Arguments :

   //    c_rarg0: add_value

   //    c_rarg1: dest

   //

   // Result:

   //    *dest += add_value

   //    return *dest;

   address generate_atomic_add_ptr() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "atomic_add_ptr");

     address start = __ pc();

     __ movptr(rax, c_rarg0); // Copy to eax we need a return value anyhow

    if ( os::is_MP() ) __ lock();

     __ xaddptr(Address(c_rarg1, 0), c_rarg0);

     __ addptr(rax, c_rarg0);

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Support for intptr_t OrderAccess::fence()

   //

   // Arguments :

   //

   // Result:

   address generate_orderaccess_fence() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "orderaccess_fence");

     address start = __ pc();

     __ membar(Assembler::StoreLoad);

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Support for intptr_t get_previous_fp()

   //

   // This routine is used to find the previous frame pointer for the

   // caller (current_frame_guess). This is used as part of debugging

   // ps() is seemingly lost trying to find frames.

   // This code assumes that caller current_frame_guess) has a frame.

   address generate_get_previous_fp() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "get_previous_fp");

     const Address old_fp(rbp, 0);

     const Address older_fp(rax, 0);

     address start = __ pc();

     __ enter();

     __ movptr(rax, old_fp); // callers fp

     __ movptr(rax, older_fp); // the frame for ps()

     __ pop(rbp);

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Support for intptr_t get_previous_sp()

   //

   // This routine is used to find the previous stack pointer for the

   // caller.

   address generate_get_previous_sp() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "get_previous_sp");

     address start = __ pc();

     __ movptr(rax, rsp);

     __ addptr(rax, 8); // return address is at the top of the stack.

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   // Support for void verify_mxcsr()

   //

   // This routine is used with -Xcheck:jni to verify that native

   // JNI code does not return to Java code without restoring the

   // MXCSR register to our expected state.

   address generate_verify_mxcsr() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "verify_mxcsr");

     address start = __ pc();

     const Address mxcsr_save(rsp, 0);

     if (CheckJNICalls) {

       Label ok_ret;

       __ push(rax);

       __ subptr(rsp, wordSize);      // allocate a temp location

       __ stmxcsr(mxcsr_save);

       __ movl(rax, mxcsr_save);

       __ andl(rax, MXCSR_MASK);    // Only check control and mask bits

       __ cmpl(rax, *(int *)(StubRoutines::x86::mxcsr_std()));

       __ jcc(Assembler::equal, ok_ret);

       __ warn("MXCSR changed by native JNI code, use -XX:+RestoreMXCSROnJNICall");

       __ ldmxcsr(ExternalAddress(StubRoutines::x86::mxcsr_std()));

       __ bind(ok_ret);

       __ addptr(rsp, wordSize);

       __ pop(rax);

     }

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   address generate_f2i_fixup() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "f2i_fixup");

     Address inout(rsp, 5 * wordSize); // return address + 4 saves

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L;

     __ push(rax);

     __ push(c_rarg3);

     __ push(c_rarg2);

     __ push(c_rarg1);

     __ movl(rax, 0x7f800000);

     __ xorl(c_rarg3, c_rarg3);

     __ movl(c_rarg2, inout);

     __ movl(c_rarg1, c_rarg2);

     __ andl(c_rarg1, 0x7fffffff);

     __ cmpl(rax, c_rarg1); // NaN? -> 0

     __ jcc(Assembler::negative, L);

     __ testl(c_rarg2, c_rarg2); // signed ? min_jint : max_jint

     __ movl(c_rarg3, 0x80000000);

     __ movl(rax, 0x7fffffff);

     __ cmovl(Assembler::positive, c_rarg3, rax);

     __ bind(L);

     __ movptr(inout, c_rarg3);

     __ pop(c_rarg1);

     __ pop(c_rarg2);

     __ pop(c_rarg3);

     __ pop(rax);

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   address generate_f2l_fixup() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "f2l_fixup");

     Address inout(rsp, 5 * wordSize); // return address + 4 saves

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L;

     __ push(rax);

     __ push(c_rarg3);

     __ push(c_rarg2);

     __ push(c_rarg1);

     __ movl(rax, 0x7f800000);

     __ xorl(c_rarg3, c_rarg3);

     __ movl(c_rarg2, inout);

     __ movl(c_rarg1, c_rarg2);

     __ andl(c_rarg1, 0x7fffffff);

     __ cmpl(rax, c_rarg1); // NaN? -> 0

     __ jcc(Assembler::negative, L);

     __ testl(c_rarg2, c_rarg2); // signed ? min_jlong : max_jlong

     __ mov64(c_rarg3, 0x8000000000000000);

     __ mov64(rax, 0x7fffffffffffffff);

     __ cmov(Assembler::positive, c_rarg3, rax);

     __ bind(L);

     __ movptr(inout, c_rarg3);

     __ pop(c_rarg1);

     __ pop(c_rarg2);

     __ pop(c_rarg3);

     __ pop(rax);

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   address generate_d2i_fixup() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "d2i_fixup");

     Address inout(rsp, 6 * wordSize); // return address + 5 saves

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L;

     __ push(rax);

     __ push(c_rarg3);

     __ push(c_rarg2);

     __ push(c_rarg1);

     __ push(c_rarg0);

     __ movl(rax, 0x7ff00000);

     __ movq(c_rarg2, inout);

     __ movl(c_rarg3, c_rarg2);

     __ mov(c_rarg1, c_rarg2);

     __ mov(c_rarg0, c_rarg2);

     __ negl(c_rarg3);

     __ shrptr(c_rarg1, 0x20);

     __ orl(c_rarg3, c_rarg2);

     __ andl(c_rarg1, 0x7fffffff);

     __ xorl(c_rarg2, c_rarg2);

     __ shrl(c_rarg3, 0x1f);

     __ orl(c_rarg1, c_rarg3);

     __ cmpl(rax, c_rarg1);

     __ jcc(Assembler::negative, L); // NaN -> 0

     __ testptr(c_rarg0, c_rarg0); // signed ? min_jint : max_jint

     __ movl(c_rarg2, 0x80000000);

     __ movl(rax, 0x7fffffff);

     __ cmov(Assembler::positive, c_rarg2, rax);

     __ bind(L);

     __ movptr(inout, c_rarg2);

     __ pop(c_rarg0);

     __ pop(c_rarg1);

     __ pop(c_rarg2);

     __ pop(c_rarg3);

     __ pop(rax);

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   address generate_d2l_fixup() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "d2l_fixup");

     Address inout(rsp, 6 * wordSize); // return address + 5 saves

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L;

     __ push(rax);

     __ push(c_rarg3);

     __ push(c_rarg2);

     __ push(c_rarg1);

     __ push(c_rarg0);

     __ movl(rax, 0x7ff00000);

     __ movq(c_rarg2, inout);

     __ movl(c_rarg3, c_rarg2);

     __ mov(c_rarg1, c_rarg2);

     __ mov(c_rarg0, c_rarg2);

     __ negl(c_rarg3);

     __ shrptr(c_rarg1, 0x20);

     __ orl(c_rarg3, c_rarg2);

     __ andl(c_rarg1, 0x7fffffff);

     __ xorl(c_rarg2, c_rarg2);

     __ shrl(c_rarg3, 0x1f);

     __ orl(c_rarg1, c_rarg3);

     __ cmpl(rax, c_rarg1);

     __ jcc(Assembler::negative, L); // NaN -> 0

     __ testq(c_rarg0, c_rarg0); // signed ? min_jlong : max_jlong

     __ mov64(c_rarg2, 0x8000000000000000);

     __ mov64(rax, 0x7fffffffffffffff);

     __ cmovq(Assembler::positive, c_rarg2, rax);

     __ bind(L);

     __ movq(inout, c_rarg2);

     __ pop(c_rarg0);

     __ pop(c_rarg1);

     __ pop(c_rarg2);

     __ pop(c_rarg3);

     __ pop(rax);

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   address generate_fp_mask(const char *stub_name, int64_t mask) {

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", stub_name);

     address start = __ pc();

     __ emit_data64( mask, relocInfo::none );

     __ emit_data64( mask, relocInfo::none );

     return start;

   }

   // The following routine generates a subroutine to throw an

   // asynchronous UnknownError when an unsafe access gets a fault that

   // could not be reasonably prevented by the programmer.  (Example:

   // SIGBUS/OBJERR.)

   address generate_handler_for_unsafe_access() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "handler_for_unsafe_access");

     address start = __ pc();

     __ push(0);                       // hole for return address-to-be

     __ pusha();                       // push registers

     Address next_pc(rsp, RegisterImpl::number_of_registers * BytesPerWord);

     // FIXME: this probably needs alignment logic

     __ subptr(rsp, frame::arg_reg_save_area_bytes);

     BLOCK_COMMENT("call handle_unsafe_access");

     __ call(RuntimeAddress(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, handle_unsafe_access)));

     __ addptr(rsp, frame::arg_reg_save_area_bytes);

     __ movptr(next_pc, rax);          // stuff next address

     __ popa();

     __ ret(0);                        // jump to next address

     return start;

   }

   // Non-destructive plausibility checks for oops

   //

   // Arguments:

   //    all args on stack!

   //

   // Stack after saving c_rarg3:

   //    [tos + 0]: saved c_rarg3

   //    [tos + 1]: saved c_rarg2

   //    [tos + 2]: saved r12 (several TemplateTable methods use it)

   //    [tos + 3]: saved flags

   //    [tos + 4]: return address

   //  * [tos + 5]: error message (char*)

   //  * [tos + 6]: object to verify (oop)

   //  * [tos + 7]: saved rax - saved by caller and bashed

   //  * [tos + 8]: saved r10 (rscratch1) - saved by caller

   //  * = popped on exit

   address generate_verify_oop() {

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", "verify_oop");

     address start = __ pc();

     Label exit, error;

     __ pushf();

     __ incrementl(ExternalAddress((address) StubRoutines::verify_oop_count_addr()));

     __ push(r12);

     // save c_rarg2 and c_rarg3

     __ push(c_rarg2);

     __ push(c_rarg3);

     enum {

            // After previous pushes.

            oop_to_verify = 6 * wordSize,

            saved_rax     = 7 * wordSize,

            saved_r10     = 8 * wordSize,

            // Before the call to MacroAssembler::debug(), see below.

            return_addr   = 16 * wordSize,

            error_msg     = 17 * wordSize

     };

     // get object

     __ movptr(rax, Address(rsp, oop_to_verify));

     // make sure object is 'reasonable'

     __ testptr(rax, rax);

     __ jcc(Assembler::zero, exit); // if obj is NULL it is OK

     // Check if the oop is in the right area of memory

     __ movptr(c_rarg2, rax);

     __ movptr(c_rarg3, (intptr_t) Universe::verify_oop_mask());

     __ andptr(c_rarg2, c_rarg3);

     __ movptr(c_rarg3, (intptr_t) Universe::verify_oop_bits());

     __ cmpptr(c_rarg2, c_rarg3);

     __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, error);

     // set r12 to heapbase for load_klass()

     __ reinit_heapbase();

     // make sure klass is 'reasonable', which is not zero.

     __ load_klass(rax, rax);  // get klass

     __ testptr(rax, rax);

     __ jcc(Assembler::zero, error); // if klass is NULL it is broken

     // TODO: Future assert that klass is lower 4g memory for UseCompressedKlassPointers

     // return if everything seems ok

     __ bind(exit);

     __ movptr(rax, Address(rsp, saved_rax));     // get saved rax back

     __ movptr(rscratch1, Address(rsp, saved_r10)); // get saved r10 back

     __ pop(c_rarg3);                             // restore c_rarg3

     __ pop(c_rarg2);                             // restore c_rarg2

     __ pop(r12);                                 // restore r12

     __ popf();                                   // restore flags

     __ ret(4 * wordSize);                        // pop caller saved stuff

     // handle errors

     __ bind(error);

     __ movptr(rax, Address(rsp, saved_rax));     // get saved rax back

     __ movptr(rscratch1, Address(rsp, saved_r10)); // get saved r10 back

     __ pop(c_rarg3);                             // get saved c_rarg3 back

     __ pop(c_rarg2);                             // get saved c_rarg2 back

     __ pop(r12);                                 // get saved r12 back

     __ popf();                                   // get saved flags off stack --

                                                  // will be ignored

     __ pusha();                                  // push registers

                                                  // (rip is already

                                                  // already pushed)

     // debug(char* msg, int64_t pc, int64_t regs[])

     // We've popped the registers we'd saved (c_rarg3, c_rarg2 and flags), and

     // pushed all the registers, so now the stack looks like:

     //     [tos +  0] 16 saved registers

     //     [tos + 16] return address

     //   * [tos + 17] error message (char*)

     //   * [tos + 18] object to verify (oop)

     //   * [tos + 19] saved rax - saved by caller and bashed

     //   * [tos + 20] saved r10 (rscratch1) - saved by caller

     //   * = popped on exit

     __ movptr(c_rarg0, Address(rsp, error_msg));    // pass address of error message

     __ movptr(c_rarg1, Address(rsp, return_addr));  // pass return address

     __ movq(c_rarg2, rsp);                          // pass address of regs on stack

     __ mov(r12, rsp);                               // remember rsp

     __ subptr(rsp, frame::arg_reg_save_area_bytes); // windows

     __ andptr(rsp, -16);                            // align stack as required by ABI

     BLOCK_COMMENT("call MacroAssembler::debug");

     __ call(RuntimeAddress(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, MacroAssembler::debug64)));

     __ mov(rsp, r12);                               // restore rsp

     __ popa();                                      // pop registers (includes r12)

     __ ret(4 * wordSize);                           // pop caller saved stuff

     return start;

   }

   //

   // Verify that a register contains clean 32-bits positive value

   // (high 32-bits are 0) so it could be used in 64-bits shifts.

   //

   //  Input:

   //    Rint  -  32-bits value

   //    Rtmp  -  scratch

   //

   void assert_clean_int(Register Rint, Register Rtmp) {

 #ifdef ASSERT

     Label L;

     assert_different_registers(Rtmp, Rint);

     __ movslq(Rtmp, Rint);

     __ cmpq(Rtmp, Rint);

     __ jcc(Assembler::equal, L);

     __ stop("high 32-bits of int value are not 0");

     __ bind(L);

 #endif

   }

   //  Generate overlap test for array copy stubs

   //

   //  Input:

   //     c_rarg0 - from

   //     c_rarg1 - to

   //     c_rarg2 - element count

   //

   //  Output:

   //     rax   - &from[element count - 1]

   //

   void array_overlap_test(address no_overlap_target, Address::ScaleFactor sf) {

     assert(no_overlap_target != NULL, "must be generated");

     array_overlap_test(no_overlap_target, NULL, sf);

   }

   void array_overlap_test(Label& L_no_overlap, Address::ScaleFactor sf) {

     array_overlap_test(NULL, &L_no_overlap, sf);

   }

   void array_overlap_test(address no_overlap_target, Label* NOLp, Address::ScaleFactor sf) {

     const Register from     = c_rarg0;

     const Register to       = c_rarg1;

     const Register count    = c_rarg2;

     const Register end_from = rax;

     __ cmpptr(to, from);

     __ lea(end_from, Address(from, count, sf, 0));

     if (NOLp == NULL) {

       ExternalAddress no_overlap(no_overlap_target);

       __ jump_cc(Assembler::belowEqual, no_overlap);

       __ cmpptr(to, end_from);

       __ jump_cc(Assembler::aboveEqual, no_overlap);

     } else {

       __ jcc(Assembler::belowEqual, (*NOLp));

       __ cmpptr(to, end_from);

       __ jcc(Assembler::aboveEqual, (*NOLp));

     }

   }

   // Shuffle first three arg regs on Windows into Linux/Solaris locations.

   //

   // Outputs:

   //    rdi - rcx

   //    rsi - rdx

   //    rdx - r8

   //    rcx - r9

   //

   // Registers r9 and r10 are used to save rdi and rsi on Windows, which latter

   // are non-volatile.  r9 and r10 should not be used by the caller.

   //

   void setup_arg_regs(int nargs = 3) {

     const Register saved_rdi = r9;

     const Register saved_rsi = r10;

     assert(nargs == 3 || nargs == 4, "else fix");

 #ifdef _WIN64

     assert(c_rarg0 == rcx && c_rarg1 == rdx && c_rarg2 == r8 && c_rarg3 == r9,

            "unexpected argument registers");

     if (nargs >= 4)

       __ mov(rax, r9);  // r9 is also saved_rdi

     __ movptr(saved_rdi, rdi);

     __ movptr(saved_rsi, rsi);

     __ mov(rdi, rcx); // c_rarg0

     __ mov(rsi, rdx); // c_rarg1

     __ mov(rdx, r8);  // c_rarg2

     if (nargs >= 4)

       __ mov(rcx, rax); // c_rarg3 (via rax)

 #else

     assert(c_rarg0 == rdi && c_rarg1 == rsi && c_rarg2 == rdx && c_rarg3 == rcx,

            "unexpected argument registers");

 #endif

   }

   void restore_arg_regs() {

     const Register saved_rdi = r9;

     const Register saved_rsi = r10;

 #ifdef _WIN64

     __ movptr(rdi, saved_rdi);

     __ movptr(rsi, saved_rsi);

 #endif

   }

   // Generate code for an array write pre barrier

   //

   //     addr    -  starting address

   //     count   -  element count

   //     tmp     - scratch register

   //

   //     Destroy no registers!

   //

   void  gen_write_ref_array_pre_barrier(Register addr, Register count, bool dest_uninitialized) {

     BarrierSet* bs = Universe::heap()->barrier_set();

     switch (bs->kind()) {

       case BarrierSet::G1SATBCT:

       case BarrierSet::G1SATBCTLogging:

         // With G1, don't generate the call if we statically know that the target in uninitialized

         if (!dest_uninitialized) {

            __ pusha();                      // push registers

            if (count == c_rarg0) {

              if (addr == c_rarg1) {

                // exactly backwards!!

                __ xchgptr(c_rarg1, c_rarg0);

              } else {

                __ movptr(c_rarg1, count);

                __ movptr(c_rarg0, addr);

              }

            } else {

              __ movptr(c_rarg0, addr);

              __ movptr(c_rarg1, count);

            }

            __ call_VM_leaf(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, BarrierSet::static_write_ref_array_pre), 2);

            __ popa();

         }

          break;

       case BarrierSet::CardTableModRef:

       case BarrierSet::CardTableExtension:

       case BarrierSet::ModRef:

         break;

       default:

         ShouldNotReachHere();

     }

   }

   //

   // Generate code for an array write post barrier

   //

   //  Input:

   //     start    - register containing starting address of destination array

   //     end      - register containing ending address of destination array

   //     scratch  - scratch register

   //

   //  The input registers are overwritten.

   //  The ending address is inclusive.

   void  gen_write_ref_array_post_barrier(Register start, Register end, Register scratch) {

     assert_different_registers(start, end, scratch);

     BarrierSet* bs = Universe::heap()->barrier_set();

     switch (bs->kind()) {

       case BarrierSet::G1SATBCT:

       case BarrierSet::G1SATBCTLogging:

         {

           __ pusha();                      // push registers (overkill)

           // must compute element count unless barrier set interface is changed (other platforms supply count)

           assert_different_registers(start, end, scratch);

           __ lea(scratch, Address(end, BytesPerHeapOop));

           __ subptr(scratch, start);               // subtract start to get #bytes

           __ shrptr(scratch, LogBytesPerHeapOop);  // convert to element count

           __ mov(c_rarg0, start);

           __ mov(c_rarg1, scratch);

           __ call_VM_leaf(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, BarrierSet::static_write_ref_array_post), 2);

           __ popa();

         }

         break;

       case BarrierSet::CardTableModRef:

       case BarrierSet::CardTableExtension:

         {

           CardTableModRefBS* ct = (CardTableModRefBS*)bs;

           assert(sizeof(*ct->byte_map_base) == sizeof(jbyte), "adjust this code");

           Label L_loop;

            __ shrptr(start, CardTableModRefBS::card_shift);

            __ addptr(end, BytesPerHeapOop);

            __ shrptr(end, CardTableModRefBS::card_shift);

            __ subptr(end, start); // number of bytes to copy

           intptr_t disp = (intptr_t) ct->byte_map_base;

           if (Assembler::is_simm32(disp)) {

             Address cardtable(noreg, noreg, Address::no_scale, disp);

             __ lea(scratch, cardtable);

           } else {

             ExternalAddress cardtable((address)disp);

             __ lea(scratch, cardtable);

           }

           const Register count = end; // 'end' register contains bytes count now

           __ addptr(start, scratch);

         __ BIND(L_loop);

           __ movb(Address(start, count, Address::times_1), 0);

           __ decrement(count);

           __ jcc(Assembler::greaterEqual, L_loop);

         }

         break;

       default:

         ShouldNotReachHere();

     }

   }

   // Copy big chunks forward

   //

   // Inputs:

   //   end_from     - source arrays end address

   //   end_to       - destination array end address

   //   qword_count  - 64-bits element count, negative

   //   to           - scratch

   //   L_copy_32_bytes - entry label

   //   L_copy_8_bytes  - exit  label

   //

   void copy_32_bytes_forward(Register end_from, Register end_to,

                              Register qword_count, Register to,

                              Label& L_copy_32_bytes, Label& L_copy_8_bytes) {

     DEBUG_ONLY(__ stop("enter at entry label, not here"));

     Label L_loop;

     __ align(OptoLoopAlignment);

   __ BIND(L_loop);

     if(UseUnalignedLoadStores) {

       __ movdqu(xmm0, Address(end_from, qword_count, Address::times_8, -24));

       __ movdqu(Address(end_to, qword_count, Address::times_8, -24), xmm0);

       __ movdqu(xmm1, Address(end_from, qword_count, Address::times_8, - 8));

       __ movdqu(Address(end_to, qword_count, Address::times_8, - 8), xmm1);

     } else {

       __ movq(to, Address(end_from, qword_count, Address::times_8, -24));

       __ movq(Address(end_to, qword_count, Address::times_8, -24), to);

       __ movq(to, Address(end_from, qword_count, Address::times_8, -16));

       __ movq(Address(end_to, qword_count, Address::times_8, -16), to);

       __ movq(to, Address(end_from, qword_count, Address::times_8, - 8));

       __ movq(Address(end_to, qword_count, Address::times_8, - 8), to);

       __ movq(to, Address(end_from, qword_count, Address::times_8, - 0));

       __ movq(Address(end_to, qword_count, Address::times_8, - 0), to);

     }

   __ BIND(L_copy_32_bytes);

     __ addptr(qword_count, 4);

     __ jcc(Assembler::lessEqual, L_loop);

     __ subptr(qword_count, 4);

     __ jcc(Assembler::less, L_copy_8_bytes); // Copy trailing qwords

   }

   // Copy big chunks backward

   //

   // Inputs:

   //   from         - source arrays address

   //   dest         - destination array address

   //   qword_count  - 64-bits element count

   //   to           - scratch

   //   L_copy_32_bytes - entry label

   //   L_copy_8_bytes  - exit  label

   //

   void copy_32_bytes_backward(Register from, Register dest,

                               Register qword_count, Register to,

                               Label& L_copy_32_bytes, Label& L_copy_8_bytes) {

     DEBUG_ONLY(__ stop("enter at entry label, not here"));

     Label L_loop;

     __ align(OptoLoopAlignment);

   __ BIND(L_loop);

     if(UseUnalignedLoadStores) {

       __ movdqu(xmm0, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8, 16));

       __ movdqu(Address(dest, qword_count, Address::times_8, 16), xmm0);

       __ movdqu(xmm1, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8,  0));

       __ movdqu(Address(dest, qword_count, Address::times_8,  0), xmm1);

     } else {

       __ movq(to, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8, 24));

       __ movq(Address(dest, qword_count, Address::times_8, 24), to);

       __ movq(to, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8, 16));

       __ movq(Address(dest, qword_count, Address::times_8, 16), to);

       __ movq(to, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8,  8));

       __ movq(Address(dest, qword_count, Address::times_8,  8), to);

       __ movq(to, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8,  0));

       __ movq(Address(dest, qword_count, Address::times_8,  0), to);

     }

   __ BIND(L_copy_32_bytes);

     __ subptr(qword_count, 4);

     __ jcc(Assembler::greaterEqual, L_loop);

     __ addptr(qword_count, 4);

     __ jcc(Assembler::greater, L_copy_8_bytes); // Copy trailing qwords

   }

   // Arguments:

   //   aligned - true => Input and output aligned on a HeapWord == 8-byte boundary

   //             ignored

   //   name    - stub name string

   //

   // Inputs:

   //   c_rarg0   - source array address

   //   c_rarg1   - destination array address

   //   c_rarg2   - element count, treated as ssize_t, can be zero

   //

   // If 'from' and/or 'to' are aligned on 4-, 2-, or 1-byte boundaries,

   // we let the hardware handle it.  The one to eight bytes within words,

   // dwords or qwords that span cache line boundaries will still be loaded

   // and stored atomically.

   //

   // Side Effects:

   //   disjoint_byte_copy_entry is set to the no-overlap entry point

   //   used by generate_conjoint_byte_copy().

   //

   address generate_disjoint_byte_copy(bool aligned, address* entry, const char *name) {

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes, L_copy_4_bytes, L_copy_2_bytes;

     Label L_copy_byte, L_exit;

     const Register from        = rdi;  // source array address

     const Register to          = rsi;  // destination array address

     const Register count       = rdx;  // elements count

     const Register byte_count  = rcx;

     const Register qword_count = count;

     const Register end_from    = from; // source array end address

     const Register end_to      = to;   // destination array end address

     // End pointers are inclusive, and if count is not zero they point

     // to the last unit copied:  end_to[0] := end_from[0]

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     assert_clean_int(c_rarg2, rax);    // Make sure 'count' is clean int.

     if (entry != NULL) {

       *entry = __ pc();

        // caller can pass a 64-bit byte count here (from Unsafe.copyMemory)

       BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");

     }

     setup_arg_regs(); // from => rdi, to => rsi, count => rdx

                       // r9 and r10 may be used to save non-volatile registers

     // 'from', 'to' and 'count' are now valid

     __ movptr(byte_count, count);

     __ shrptr(count, 3); // count => qword_count

     // Copy from low to high addresses.  Use 'to' as scratch.

     __ lea(end_from, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ lea(end_to,   Address(to,   qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ negptr(qword_count); // make the count negative

     __ jmp(L_copy_32_bytes);

     // Copy trailing qwords

   __ BIND(L_copy_8_bytes);

     __ movq(rax, Address(end_from, qword_count, Address::times_8, 8));

     __ movq(Address(end_to, qword_count, Address::times_8, 8), rax);

     __ increment(qword_count);

     __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, L_copy_8_bytes);

     // Check for and copy trailing dword

   __ BIND(L_copy_4_bytes);

     __ testl(byte_count, 4);

     __ jccb(Assembler::zero, L_copy_2_bytes);

     __ movl(rax, Address(end_from, 8));

     __ movl(Address(end_to, 8), rax);

     __ addptr(end_from, 4);

     __ addptr(end_to, 4);

     // Check for and copy trailing word

   __ BIND(L_copy_2_bytes);

     __ testl(byte_count, 2);

     __ jccb(Assembler::zero, L_copy_byte);

     __ movw(rax, Address(end_from, 8));

     __ movw(Address(end_to, 8), rax);

     __ addptr(end_from, 2);

     __ addptr(end_to, 2);

     // Check for and copy trailing byte

   __ BIND(L_copy_byte);

     __ testl(byte_count, 1);

     __ jccb(Assembler::zero, L_exit);

     __ movb(rax, Address(end_from, 8));

     __ movb(Address(end_to, 8), rax);

   __ BIND(L_exit);

     restore_arg_regs();

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jbyte_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     // Copy in 32-bytes chunks

     copy_32_bytes_forward(end_from, end_to, qword_count, rax, L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes);

     __ jmp(L_copy_4_bytes);

     return start;

   }

   // Arguments:

   //   aligned - true => Input and output aligned on a HeapWord == 8-byte boundary

   //             ignored

   //   name    - stub name string

   //

   // Inputs:

   //   c_rarg0   - source array address

   //   c_rarg1   - destination array address

   //   c_rarg2   - element count, treated as ssize_t, can be zero

   //

   // If 'from' and/or 'to' are aligned on 4-, 2-, or 1-byte boundaries,

   // we let the hardware handle it.  The one to eight bytes within words,

   // dwords or qwords that span cache line boundaries will still be loaded

   // and stored atomically.

   //

   address generate_conjoint_byte_copy(bool aligned, address nooverlap_target,

                                       address* entry, const char *name) {

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes, L_copy_4_bytes, L_copy_2_bytes;

     const Register from        = rdi;  // source array address

     const Register to          = rsi;  // destination array address

     const Register count       = rdx;  // elements count

     const Register byte_count  = rcx;

     const Register qword_count = count;

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     assert_clean_int(c_rarg2, rax);    // Make sure 'count' is clean int.

     if (entry != NULL) {

       *entry = __ pc();

       // caller can pass a 64-bit byte count here (from Unsafe.copyMemory)

       BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");

     }

     array_overlap_test(nooverlap_target, Address::times_1);

     setup_arg_regs(); // from => rdi, to => rsi, count => rdx

                       // r9 and r10 may be used to save non-volatile registers

     // 'from', 'to' and 'count' are now valid

     __ movptr(byte_count, count);

     __ shrptr(count, 3);   // count => qword_count

     // Copy from high to low addresses.

     // Check for and copy trailing byte

     __ testl(byte_count, 1);

     __ jcc(Assembler::zero, L_copy_2_bytes);

     __ movb(rax, Address(from, byte_count, Address::times_1, -1));

     __ movb(Address(to, byte_count, Address::times_1, -1), rax);

     __ decrement(byte_count); // Adjust for possible trailing word

     // Check for and copy trailing word

   __ BIND(L_copy_2_bytes);

     __ testl(byte_count, 2);

     __ jcc(Assembler::zero, L_copy_4_bytes);

     __ movw(rax, Address(from, byte_count, Address::times_1, -2));

     __ movw(Address(to, byte_count, Address::times_1, -2), rax);

     // Check for and copy trailing dword

   __ BIND(L_copy_4_bytes);

     __ testl(byte_count, 4);

     __ jcc(Assembler::zero, L_copy_32_bytes);

     __ movl(rax, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8));

     __ movl(Address(to, qword_count, Address::times_8), rax);

     __ jmp(L_copy_32_bytes);

     // Copy trailing qwords

   __ BIND(L_copy_8_bytes);

     __ movq(rax, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ movq(Address(to, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8), rax);

     __ decrement(qword_count);

     __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, L_copy_8_bytes);

     restore_arg_regs();

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jbyte_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     // Copy in 32-bytes chunks

     copy_32_bytes_backward(from, to, qword_count, rax, L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes);

     restore_arg_regs();

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jbyte_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Arguments:

   //   aligned - true => Input and output aligned on a HeapWord == 8-byte boundary

   //             ignored

   //   name    - stub name string

   //

   // Inputs:

   //   c_rarg0   - source array address

   //   c_rarg1   - destination array address

   //   c_rarg2   - element count, treated as ssize_t, can be zero

   //

   // If 'from' and/or 'to' are aligned on 4- or 2-byte boundaries, we

   // let the hardware handle it.  The two or four words within dwords

   // or qwords that span cache line boundaries will still be loaded

   // and stored atomically.

   //

   // Side Effects:

   //   disjoint_short_copy_entry is set to the no-overlap entry point

   //   used by generate_conjoint_short_copy().

   //

   address generate_disjoint_short_copy(bool aligned, address *entry, const char *name) {

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes, L_copy_4_bytes,L_copy_2_bytes,L_exit;

     const Register from        = rdi;  // source array address

     const Register to          = rsi;  // destination array address

     const Register count       = rdx;  // elements count

     const Register word_count  = rcx;

     const Register qword_count = count;

     const Register end_from    = from; // source array end address

     const Register end_to      = to;   // destination array end address

     // End pointers are inclusive, and if count is not zero they point

     // to the last unit copied:  end_to[0] := end_from[0]

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     assert_clean_int(c_rarg2, rax);    // Make sure 'count' is clean int.

     if (entry != NULL) {

       *entry = __ pc();

       // caller can pass a 64-bit byte count here (from Unsafe.copyMemory)

       BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");

     }

     setup_arg_regs(); // from => rdi, to => rsi, count => rdx

                       // r9 and r10 may be used to save non-volatile registers

     // 'from', 'to' and 'count' are now valid

     __ movptr(word_count, count);

     __ shrptr(count, 2); // count => qword_count

     // Copy from low to high addresses.  Use 'to' as scratch.

     __ lea(end_from, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ lea(end_to,   Address(to,   qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ negptr(qword_count);

     __ jmp(L_copy_32_bytes);

     // Copy trailing qwords

   __ BIND(L_copy_8_bytes);

     __ movq(rax, Address(end_from, qword_count, Address::times_8, 8));

     __ movq(Address(end_to, qword_count, Address::times_8, 8), rax);

     __ increment(qword_count);

     __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, L_copy_8_bytes);

     // Original 'dest' is trashed, so we can't use it as a

     // base register for a possible trailing word copy

     // Check for and copy trailing dword

   __ BIND(L_copy_4_bytes);

     __ testl(word_count, 2);

     __ jccb(Assembler::zero, L_copy_2_bytes);

     __ movl(rax, Address(end_from, 8));

     __ movl(Address(end_to, 8), rax);

     __ addptr(end_from, 4);

     __ addptr(end_to, 4);

     // Check for and copy trailing word

   __ BIND(L_copy_2_bytes);

     __ testl(word_count, 1);

     __ jccb(Assembler::zero, L_exit);

     __ movw(rax, Address(end_from, 8));

     __ movw(Address(end_to, 8), rax);

   __ BIND(L_exit);

     restore_arg_regs();

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jshort_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     // Copy in 32-bytes chunks

     copy_32_bytes_forward(end_from, end_to, qword_count, rax, L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes);

     __ jmp(L_copy_4_bytes);

     return start;

   }

   address generate_fill(BasicType t, bool aligned, const char *name) {

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     address start = __ pc();

     BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");

     const Register to       = c_rarg0;  // source array address

     const Register value    = c_rarg1;  // value

     const Register count    = c_rarg2;  // elements count

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ generate_fill(t, aligned, to, value, count, rax, xmm0);

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Arguments:

   //   aligned - true => Input and output aligned on a HeapWord == 8-byte boundary

   //             ignored

   //   name    - stub name string

   //

   // Inputs:

   //   c_rarg0   - source array address

   //   c_rarg1   - destination array address

   //   c_rarg2   - element count, treated as ssize_t, can be zero

   //

   // If 'from' and/or 'to' are aligned on 4- or 2-byte boundaries, we

   // let the hardware handle it.  The two or four words within dwords

   // or qwords that span cache line boundaries will still be loaded

   // and stored atomically.

   //

   address generate_conjoint_short_copy(bool aligned, address nooverlap_target,

                                        address *entry, const char *name) {

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes, L_copy_4_bytes;

     const Register from        = rdi;  // source array address

     const Register to          = rsi;  // destination array address

     const Register count       = rdx;  // elements count

     const Register word_count  = rcx;

     const Register qword_count = count;

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     assert_clean_int(c_rarg2, rax);    // Make sure 'count' is clean int.

     if (entry != NULL) {

       *entry = __ pc();

       // caller can pass a 64-bit byte count here (from Unsafe.copyMemory)

       BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");

     }

     array_overlap_test(nooverlap_target, Address::times_2);

     setup_arg_regs(); // from => rdi, to => rsi, count => rdx

                       // r9 and r10 may be used to save non-volatile registers

     // 'from', 'to' and 'count' are now valid

     __ movptr(word_count, count);

     __ shrptr(count, 2); // count => qword_count

     // Copy from high to low addresses.  Use 'to' as scratch.

     // Check for and copy trailing word

     __ testl(word_count, 1);

     __ jccb(Assembler::zero, L_copy_4_bytes);

     __ movw(rax, Address(from, word_count, Address::times_2, -2));

     __ movw(Address(to, word_count, Address::times_2, -2), rax);

     // Check for and copy trailing dword

   __ BIND(L_copy_4_bytes);

     __ testl(word_count, 2);

     __ jcc(Assembler::zero, L_copy_32_bytes);

     __ movl(rax, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8));

     __ movl(Address(to, qword_count, Address::times_8), rax);

     __ jmp(L_copy_32_bytes);

     // Copy trailing qwords

   __ BIND(L_copy_8_bytes);

     __ movq(rax, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ movq(Address(to, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8), rax);

     __ decrement(qword_count);

     __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, L_copy_8_bytes);

     restore_arg_regs();

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jshort_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     // Copy in 32-bytes chunks

     copy_32_bytes_backward(from, to, qword_count, rax, L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes);

     restore_arg_regs();

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jshort_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Arguments:

   //   aligned - true => Input and output aligned on a HeapWord == 8-byte boundary

   //             ignored

   //   is_oop  - true => oop array, so generate store check code

   //   name    - stub name string

   //

   // Inputs:

   //   c_rarg0   - source array address

   //   c_rarg1   - destination array address

   //   c_rarg2   - element count, treated as ssize_t, can be zero

   //

   // If 'from' and/or 'to' are aligned on 4-byte boundaries, we let

   // the hardware handle it.  The two dwords within qwords that span

   // cache line boundaries will still be loaded and stored atomicly.

   //

   // Side Effects:

   //   disjoint_int_copy_entry is set to the no-overlap entry point

   //   used by generate_conjoint_int_oop_copy().

   //

   address generate_disjoint_int_oop_copy(bool aligned, bool is_oop, address* entry,

                                          const char *name, bool dest_uninitialized = false) {

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes, L_copy_4_bytes, L_exit;

     const Register from        = rdi;  // source array address

     const Register to          = rsi;  // destination array address

     const Register count       = rdx;  // elements count

     const Register dword_count = rcx;

     const Register qword_count = count;

     const Register end_from    = from; // source array end address

     const Register end_to      = to;   // destination array end address

     const Register saved_to    = r11;  // saved destination array address

     // End pointers are inclusive, and if count is not zero they point

     // to the last unit copied:  end_to[0] := end_from[0]

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     assert_clean_int(c_rarg2, rax);    // Make sure 'count' is clean int.

     if (entry != NULL) {

       *entry = __ pc();

       // caller can pass a 64-bit byte count here (from Unsafe.copyMemory)

       BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");

     }

     setup_arg_regs(); // from => rdi, to => rsi, count => rdx

                       // r9 and r10 may be used to save non-volatile registers

     if (is_oop) {

       __ movq(saved_to, to);

       gen_write_ref_array_pre_barrier(to, count, dest_uninitialized);

     }

     // 'from', 'to' and 'count' are now valid

     __ movptr(dword_count, count);

     __ shrptr(count, 1); // count => qword_count

     // Copy from low to high addresses.  Use 'to' as scratch.

     __ lea(end_from, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ lea(end_to,   Address(to,   qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ negptr(qword_count);

     __ jmp(L_copy_32_bytes);

     // Copy trailing qwords

   __ BIND(L_copy_8_bytes);

     __ movq(rax, Address(end_from, qword_count, Address::times_8, 8));

     __ movq(Address(end_to, qword_count, Address::times_8, 8), rax);

     __ increment(qword_count);

     __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, L_copy_8_bytes);

     // Check for and copy trailing dword

   __ BIND(L_copy_4_bytes);

     __ testl(dword_count, 1); // Only byte test since the value is 0 or 1

     __ jccb(Assembler::zero, L_exit);

     __ movl(rax, Address(end_from, 8));

     __ movl(Address(end_to, 8), rax);

   __ BIND(L_exit);

     if (is_oop) {

       __ leaq(end_to, Address(saved_to, dword_count, Address::times_4, -4));

       gen_write_ref_array_post_barrier(saved_to, end_to, rax);

     }

     restore_arg_regs();

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jint_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     // Copy 32-bytes chunks

     copy_32_bytes_forward(end_from, end_to, qword_count, rax, L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes);

     __ jmp(L_copy_4_bytes);

     return start;

   }

   // Arguments:

   //   aligned - true => Input and output aligned on a HeapWord == 8-byte boundary

   //             ignored

   //   is_oop  - true => oop array, so generate store check code

   //   name    - stub name string

   //

   // Inputs:

   //   c_rarg0   - source array address

   //   c_rarg1   - destination array address

   //   c_rarg2   - element count, treated as ssize_t, can be zero

   //

   // If 'from' and/or 'to' are aligned on 4-byte boundaries, we let

   // the hardware handle it.  The two dwords within qwords that span

   // cache line boundaries will still be loaded and stored atomicly.

   //

   address generate_conjoint_int_oop_copy(bool aligned, bool is_oop, address nooverlap_target,

                                          address *entry, const char *name,

                                          bool dest_uninitialized = false) {

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes, L_copy_2_bytes, L_exit;

     const Register from        = rdi;  // source array address

     const Register to          = rsi;  // destination array address

     const Register count       = rdx;  // elements count

     const Register dword_count = rcx;

     const Register qword_count = count;

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     assert_clean_int(c_rarg2, rax);    // Make sure 'count' is clean int.

     if (entry != NULL) {

       *entry = __ pc();

        // caller can pass a 64-bit byte count here (from Unsafe.copyMemory)

       BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");

     }

     array_overlap_test(nooverlap_target, Address::times_4);

     setup_arg_regs(); // from => rdi, to => rsi, count => rdx

                       // r9 and r10 may be used to save non-volatile registers

     if (is_oop) {

       // no registers are destroyed by this call

       gen_write_ref_array_pre_barrier(to, count, dest_uninitialized);

     }

     assert_clean_int(count, rax); // Make sure 'count' is clean int.

     // 'from', 'to' and 'count' are now valid

     __ movptr(dword_count, count);

     __ shrptr(count, 1); // count => qword_count

     // Copy from high to low addresses.  Use 'to' as scratch.

     // Check for and copy trailing dword

     __ testl(dword_count, 1);

     __ jcc(Assembler::zero, L_copy_32_bytes);

     __ movl(rax, Address(from, dword_count, Address::times_4, -4));

     __ movl(Address(to, dword_count, Address::times_4, -4), rax);

     __ jmp(L_copy_32_bytes);

     // Copy trailing qwords

   __ BIND(L_copy_8_bytes);

     __ movq(rax, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ movq(Address(to, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8), rax);

     __ decrement(qword_count);

     __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, L_copy_8_bytes);

     if (is_oop) {

       __ jmp(L_exit);

     }

     restore_arg_regs();

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jint_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     // Copy in 32-bytes chunks

     copy_32_bytes_backward(from, to, qword_count, rax, L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes);

    __ bind(L_exit);

      if (is_oop) {

        Register end_to = rdx;

        __ leaq(end_to, Address(to, dword_count, Address::times_4, -4));

        gen_write_ref_array_post_barrier(to, end_to, rax);

      }

     restore_arg_regs();

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jint_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Arguments:

   //   aligned - true => Input and output aligned on a HeapWord boundary == 8 bytes

   //             ignored

   //   is_oop  - true => oop array, so generate store check code

   //   name    - stub name string

   //

   // Inputs:

   //   c_rarg0   - source array address

   //   c_rarg1   - destination array address

   //   c_rarg2   - element count, treated as ssize_t, can be zero

   //

  // Side Effects:

   //   disjoint_oop_copy_entry or disjoint_long_copy_entry is set to the

   //   no-overlap entry point used by generate_conjoint_long_oop_copy().

   //

   address generate_disjoint_long_oop_copy(bool aligned, bool is_oop, address *entry,

                                           const char *name, bool dest_uninitialized = false) {

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes, L_exit;

     const Register from        = rdi;  // source array address

     const Register to          = rsi;  // destination array address

     const Register qword_count = rdx;  // elements count

     const Register end_from    = from; // source array end address

     const Register end_to      = rcx;  // destination array end address

     const Register saved_to    = to;

     // End pointers are inclusive, and if count is not zero they point

     // to the last unit copied:  end_to[0] := end_from[0]

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     // Save no-overlap entry point for generate_conjoint_long_oop_copy()

     assert_clean_int(c_rarg2, rax);    // Make sure 'count' is clean int.

     if (entry != NULL) {

       *entry = __ pc();

       // caller can pass a 64-bit byte count here (from Unsafe.copyMemory)

       BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");

     }

     setup_arg_regs(); // from => rdi, to => rsi, count => rdx

                       // r9 and r10 may be used to save non-volatile registers

     // 'from', 'to' and 'qword_count' are now valid

     if (is_oop) {

       // no registers are destroyed by this call

       gen_write_ref_array_pre_barrier(to, qword_count, dest_uninitialized);

     }

     // Copy from low to high addresses.  Use 'to' as scratch.

     __ lea(end_from, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ lea(end_to,   Address(to,   qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ negptr(qword_count);

     __ jmp(L_copy_32_bytes);

     // Copy trailing qwords

   __ BIND(L_copy_8_bytes);

     __ movq(rax, Address(end_from, qword_count, Address::times_8, 8));

     __ movq(Address(end_to, qword_count, Address::times_8, 8), rax);

     __ increment(qword_count);

     __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, L_copy_8_bytes);

     if (is_oop) {

       __ jmp(L_exit);

     } else {

       restore_arg_regs();

       inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jlong_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

       __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

       __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

       __ ret(0);

     }

     // Copy 64-byte chunks

     copy_32_bytes_forward(end_from, end_to, qword_count, rax, L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes);

     if (is_oop) {

     __ BIND(L_exit);

       gen_write_ref_array_post_barrier(saved_to, end_to, rax);

     }

     restore_arg_regs();

     if (is_oop) {

       inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_oop_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     } else {

       inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jlong_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     }

     __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Arguments:

   //   aligned - true => Input and output aligned on a HeapWord boundary == 8 bytes

   //             ignored

   //   is_oop  - true => oop array, so generate store check code

   //   name    - stub name string

   //

   // Inputs:

   //   c_rarg0   - source array address

   //   c_rarg1   - destination array address

   //   c_rarg2   - element count, treated as ssize_t, can be zero

   //

   address generate_conjoint_long_oop_copy(bool aligned, bool is_oop,

                                           address nooverlap_target, address *entry,

                                           const char *name, bool dest_uninitialized = false) {

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     address start = __ pc();

     Label L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes, L_exit;

     const Register from        = rdi;  // source array address

     const Register to          = rsi;  // destination array address

     const Register qword_count = rdx;  // elements count

     const Register saved_count = rcx;

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     assert_clean_int(c_rarg2, rax);    // Make sure 'count' is clean int.

     if (entry != NULL) {

       *entry = __ pc();

       // caller can pass a 64-bit byte count here (from Unsafe.copyMemory)

       BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");

     }

     array_overlap_test(nooverlap_target, Address::times_8);

     setup_arg_regs(); // from => rdi, to => rsi, count => rdx

                       // r9 and r10 may be used to save non-volatile registers

     // 'from', 'to' and 'qword_count' are now valid

     if (is_oop) {

       // Save to and count for store barrier

       __ movptr(saved_count, qword_count);

       // No registers are destroyed by this call

       gen_write_ref_array_pre_barrier(to, saved_count, dest_uninitialized);

     }

     __ jmp(L_copy_32_bytes);

     // Copy trailing qwords

   __ BIND(L_copy_8_bytes);

     __ movq(rax, Address(from, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8));

     __ movq(Address(to, qword_count, Address::times_8, -8), rax);

     __ decrement(qword_count);

     __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, L_copy_8_bytes);

     if (is_oop) {

       __ jmp(L_exit);

     } else {

       restore_arg_regs();

       inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jlong_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

       __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

       __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

       __ ret(0);

     }

     // Copy in 32-bytes chunks

     copy_32_bytes_backward(from, to, qword_count, rax, L_copy_32_bytes, L_copy_8_bytes);

     if (is_oop) {

     __ BIND(L_exit);

       __ lea(rcx, Address(to, saved_count, Address::times_8, -8));

       gen_write_ref_array_post_barrier(to, rcx, rax);

     }

     restore_arg_regs();

     if (is_oop) {

       inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_oop_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     } else {

       inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_jlong_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     }

     __ xorptr(rax, rax); // return 0

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   // Helper for generating a dynamic type check.

   // Smashes no registers.

   void generate_type_check(Register sub_klass,

                            Register super_check_offset,

                            Register super_klass,

                            Label& L_success) {

     assert_different_registers(sub_klass, super_check_offset, super_klass);

     BLOCK_COMMENT("type_check:");

     Label L_miss;

     __ check_klass_subtype_fast_path(sub_klass, super_klass, noreg,        &L_success, &L_miss, NULL,

                                      super_check_offset);

     __ check_klass_subtype_slow_path(sub_klass, super_klass, noreg, noreg, &L_success, NULL);

     // Fall through on failure!

     __ BIND(L_miss);

   }

   //

   //  Generate checkcasting array copy stub

   //

   //  Input:

   //    c_rarg0   - source array address

   //    c_rarg1   - destination array address

   //    c_rarg2   - element count, treated as ssize_t, can be zero

   //    c_rarg3   - size_t ckoff (super_check_offset)

   // not Win64

   //    c_rarg4   - oop ckval (super_klass)

   // Win64

   //    rsp+40    - oop ckval (super_klass)

   //

   //  Output:

   //    rax ==  0  -  success

   //    rax == -1^K - failure, where K is partial transfer count

   //

   address generate_checkcast_copy(const char *name, address *entry,

                                   bool dest_uninitialized = false) {

     Label L_load_element, L_store_element, L_do_card_marks, L_done;

     // Input registers (after setup_arg_regs)

     const Register from        = rdi;   // source array address

     const Register to          = rsi;   // destination array address

     const Register length      = rdx;   // elements count

     const Register ckoff       = rcx;   // super_check_offset

     const Register ckval       = r8;    // super_klass

     // Registers used as temps (r13, r14 are save-on-entry)

     const Register end_from    = from;  // source array end address

     const Register end_to      = r13;   // destination array end address

     const Register count       = rdx;   // -(count_remaining)

     const Register r14_length  = r14;   // saved copy of length

     // End pointers are inclusive, and if length is not zero they point

     // to the last unit copied:  end_to[0] := end_from[0]

     const Register rax_oop    = rax;    // actual oop copied

     const Register r11_klass  = r11;    // oop._klass

     //---------------------------------------------------------------

     // Assembler stub will be used for this call to arraycopy

     // if the two arrays are subtypes of Object[] but the

     // destination array type is not equal to or a supertype

     // of the source type.  Each element must be separately

     // checked.

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     address start = __ pc();

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

 #ifdef ASSERT

     // caller guarantees that the arrays really are different

     // otherwise, we would have to make conjoint checks

     { Label L;

       array_overlap_test(L, TIMES_OOP);

       __ stop("checkcast_copy within a single array");

       __ bind(L);

     }

 #endif //ASSERT

     setup_arg_regs(4); // from => rdi, to => rsi, length => rdx

                        // ckoff => rcx, ckval => r8

                        // r9 and r10 may be used to save non-volatile registers

 #ifdef _WIN64

     // last argument (#4) is on stack on Win64

     __ movptr(ckval, Address(rsp, 6 * wordSize));

 #endif

     // Caller of this entry point must set up the argument registers.

     if (entry != NULL) {

       *entry = __ pc();

       BLOCK_COMMENT("Entry:");

     }

     // allocate spill slots for r13, r14

     enum {

       saved_r13_offset,

       saved_r14_offset,

       saved_rbp_offset

     };

     __ subptr(rsp, saved_rbp_offset * wordSize);

     __ movptr(Address(rsp, saved_r13_offset * wordSize), r13);

     __ movptr(Address(rsp, saved_r14_offset * wordSize), r14);

     // check that int operands are properly extended to size_t

     assert_clean_int(length, rax);

     assert_clean_int(ckoff, rax);

 #ifdef ASSERT

     BLOCK_COMMENT("assert consistent ckoff/ckval");

     // The ckoff and ckval must be mutually consistent,

     // even though caller generates both.

     { Label L;

       int sco_offset = in_bytes(Klass::super_check_offset_offset());

       __ cmpl(ckoff, Address(ckval, sco_offset));

       __ jcc(Assembler::equal, L);

       __ stop("super_check_offset inconsistent");

       __ bind(L);

     }

 #endif //ASSERT

     // Loop-invariant addresses.  They are exclusive end pointers.

     Address end_from_addr(from, length, TIMES_OOP, 0);

     Address   end_to_addr(to,   length, TIMES_OOP, 0);

     // Loop-variant addresses.  They assume post-incremented count < 0.

     Address from_element_addr(end_from, count, TIMES_OOP, 0);

     Address   to_element_addr(end_to,   count, TIMES_OOP, 0);

     gen_write_ref_array_pre_barrier(to, count, dest_uninitialized);

     // Copy from low to high addresses, indexed from the end of each array.

     __ lea(end_from, end_from_addr);

     __ lea(end_to,   end_to_addr);

     __ movptr(r14_length, length);        // save a copy of the length

     assert(length == count, "");          // else fix next line:

     __ negptr(count);                     // negate and test the length

     __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, L_load_element);

     // Empty array:  Nothing to do.

     __ xorptr(rax, rax);                  // return 0 on (trivial) success

     __ jmp(L_done);

     // ======== begin loop ========

     // (Loop is rotated; its entry is L_load_element.)

     // Loop control:

     //   for (count = -count; count != 0; count++)

     // Base pointers src, dst are biased by 8*(count-1),to last element.

     __ align(OptoLoopAlignment);

     __ BIND(L_store_element);

     __ store_heap_oop(to_element_addr, rax_oop);  // store the oop

     __ increment(count);               // increment the count toward zero

     __ jcc(Assembler::zero, L_do_card_marks);

     // ======== loop entry is here ========

     __ BIND(L_load_element);

     __ load_heap_oop(rax_oop, from_element_addr); // load the oop

     __ testptr(rax_oop, rax_oop);

     __ jcc(Assembler::zero, L_store_element);

     __ load_klass(r11_klass, rax_oop);// query the object klass

     generate_type_check(r11_klass, ckoff, ckval, L_store_element);

     // ======== end loop ========

     // It was a real error; we must depend on the caller to finish the job.

     // Register rdx = -1 * number of *remaining* oops, r14 = *total* oops.

     // Emit GC store barriers for the oops we have copied (r14 + rdx),

     // and report their number to the caller.

     assert_different_registers(rax, r14_length, count, to, end_to, rcx);

     __ lea(end_to, to_element_addr);

     __ addptr(end_to, -heapOopSize);      // make an inclusive end pointer

     gen_write_ref_array_post_barrier(to, end_to, rscratch1);

     __ movptr(rax, r14_length);           // original oops

     __ addptr(rax, count);                // K = (original - remaining) oops

     __ notptr(rax);                       // report (-1^K) to caller

     __ jmp(L_done);

     // Come here on success only.

     __ BIND(L_do_card_marks);

     __ addptr(end_to, -heapOopSize);         // make an inclusive end pointer

     gen_write_ref_array_post_barrier(to, end_to, rscratch1);

     __ xorptr(rax, rax);                  // return 0 on success

     // Common exit point (success or failure).

     __ BIND(L_done);

     __ movptr(r13, Address(rsp, saved_r13_offset * wordSize));

     __ movptr(r14, Address(rsp, saved_r14_offset * wordSize));

     restore_arg_regs();

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_checkcast_array_copy_ctr); // Update counter after rscratch1 is free

     __ leave(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     __ ret(0);

     return start;

   }

   //

   //  Generate 'unsafe' array copy stub

   //  Though just as safe as the other stubs, it takes an unscaled

   //  size_t argument instead of an element count.

   //

   //  Input:

   //    c_rarg0   - source array address

   //    c_rarg1   - destination array address

   //    c_rarg2   - byte count, treated as ssize_t, can be zero

   //

   // Examines the alignment of the operands and dispatches

   // to a long, int, short, or byte copy loop.

   //

   address generate_unsafe_copy(const char *name,

                                address byte_copy_entry, address short_copy_entry,

                                address int_copy_entry, address long_copy_entry) {

     Label L_long_aligned, L_int_aligned, L_short_aligned;

     // Input registers (before setup_arg_regs)

     const Register from        = c_rarg0;  // source array address

     const Register to          = c_rarg1;  // destination array address

     const Register size        = c_rarg2;  // byte count (size_t)

     // Register used as a temp

     const Register bits        = rax;      // test copy of low bits

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     address start = __ pc();

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     // bump this on entry, not on exit:

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_unsafe_array_copy_ctr);

     __ mov(bits, from);

     __ orptr(bits, to);

     __ orptr(bits, size);

     __ testb(bits, BytesPerLong-1);

     __ jccb(Assembler::zero, L_long_aligned);

     __ testb(bits, BytesPerInt-1);

     __ jccb(Assembler::zero, L_int_aligned);

     __ testb(bits, BytesPerShort-1);

     __ jump_cc(Assembler::notZero, RuntimeAddress(byte_copy_entry));

     __ BIND(L_short_aligned);

     __ shrptr(size, LogBytesPerShort); // size => short_count

     __ jump(RuntimeAddress(short_copy_entry));

     __ BIND(L_int_aligned);

     __ shrptr(size, LogBytesPerInt); // size => int_count

     __ jump(RuntimeAddress(int_copy_entry));

     __ BIND(L_long_aligned);

     __ shrptr(size, LogBytesPerLong); // size => qword_count

     __ jump(RuntimeAddress(long_copy_entry));

     return start;

   }

   // Perform range checks on the proposed arraycopy.

   // Kills temp, but nothing else.

   // Also, clean the sign bits of src_pos and dst_pos.

   void arraycopy_range_checks(Register src,     // source array oop (c_rarg0)

                               Register src_pos, // source position (c_rarg1)

                               Register dst,     // destination array oo (c_rarg2)

                               Register dst_pos, // destination position (c_rarg3)

                               Register length,

                               Register temp,

                               Label& L_failed) {

     BLOCK_COMMENT("arraycopy_range_checks:");

     //  if (src_pos + length > arrayOop(src)->length())  FAIL;

     __ movl(temp, length);

     __ addl(temp, src_pos);             // src_pos + length

     __ cmpl(temp, Address(src, arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes()));

     __ jcc(Assembler::above, L_failed);

     //  if (dst_pos + length > arrayOop(dst)->length())  FAIL;

     __ movl(temp, length);

     __ addl(temp, dst_pos);             // dst_pos + length

     __ cmpl(temp, Address(dst, arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes()));

     __ jcc(Assembler::above, L_failed);

     // Have to clean up high 32-bits of 'src_pos' and 'dst_pos'.

     // Move with sign extension can be used since they are positive.

     __ movslq(src_pos, src_pos);

     __ movslq(dst_pos, dst_pos);

     BLOCK_COMMENT("arraycopy_range_checks done");

   }

   //

   //  Generate generic array copy stubs

   //

   //  Input:

   //    c_rarg0    -  src oop

   //    c_rarg1    -  src_pos (32-bits)

   //    c_rarg2    -  dst oop

   //    c_rarg3    -  dst_pos (32-bits)

   // not Win64

   //    c_rarg4    -  element count (32-bits)

   // Win64

   //    rsp+40     -  element count (32-bits)

   //

   //  Output:

   //    rax ==  0  -  success

   //    rax == -1^K - failure, where K is partial transfer count

   //

   address generate_generic_copy(const char *name,

                                 address byte_copy_entry, address short_copy_entry,

                                 address int_copy_entry, address oop_copy_entry,

                                 address long_copy_entry, address checkcast_copy_entry) {

     Label L_failed, L_failed_0, L_objArray;

     Label L_copy_bytes, L_copy_shorts, L_copy_ints, L_copy_longs;

     // Input registers

     const Register src        = c_rarg0;  // source array oop

     const Register src_pos    = c_rarg1;  // source position

     const Register dst        = c_rarg2;  // destination array oop

     const Register dst_pos    = c_rarg3;  // destination position

 #ifndef _WIN64

     const Register length     = c_rarg4;

 #else

     const Address  length(rsp, 6 * wordSize);  // elements count is on stack on Win64

 #endif

     { int modulus = CodeEntryAlignment;

       int target  = modulus - 5; // 5 = sizeof jmp(L_failed)

       int advance = target - (__ offset() % modulus);

       if (advance < 0)  advance += modulus;

       if (advance > 0)  __ nop(advance);

     }

     StubCodeMark mark(this, "StubRoutines", name);

     // Short-hop target to L_failed.  Makes for denser prologue code.

     __ BIND(L_failed_0);

     __ jmp(L_failed);

     assert(__ offset() % CodeEntryAlignment == 0, "no further alignment needed");

     __ align(CodeEntryAlignment);

     address start = __ pc();

     __ enter(); // required for proper stackwalking of RuntimeStub frame

     // bump this on entry, not on exit:

     inc_counter_np(SharedRuntime::_generic_array_copy_ctr);

     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

     // Assembler stub will be used for this call to arraycopy

     // if the following conditions are met:

     //

     // (1) src and dst must not be null.

     // (2) src_pos must not be negative.

     // (3) dst_pos must not be negative.

     // (4) length  must not be negative.

     // (5) src klass and dst klass should be the same and not NULL.

     // (6) src and dst should be arrays.

     // (7) src_pos + length must not exceed length of src.

     // (8) dst_pos + length must not exceed length of dst.

     //

     //  if (src == NULL) return -1;

     __ testptr(src, src);         // src oop

     size_t j1off = __ offset();

     __ jccb(Assembler::zero, L_failed_0);

     //  if (src_pos < 0) return -1;

     __ testl(src_pos, src_pos); // src_pos (32-bits)

     __ jccb(Assembler::negative, L_failed_0);

     //  if (dst == NULL) return -1;

     __ testptr(dst, dst);         // dst oop

     __ jccb(Assembler::zero, L_failed_0);

     //  if (dst_pos < 0) return -1;

     __ testl(dst_pos, dst_pos); // dst_pos (32-bits)

     size_t j4off = __ offset();

     __ jccb(Assembler::negative, L_failed_0);

     // The first four tests are very dense code,

     // but not quite dense enough to put four

     // jumps in a 16-byte instruction fetch buffer.

     // That's good, because some branch predicters

     // do not like jumps so close together.

     // Make sure of this.

     guarantee(((j1off ^ j4off) & ~15) != 0, "I$ line of 1st & 4th jumps");

     // registers used as temp

     const Register r11_length    = r11; // elements count to copy

     const Register r10_src_klass = r10; // array klass

     //  if (length < 0) return -1;

     __ movl(r11_length, length);        // length (elements count, 32-bits value)

     __ testl(r11_length, r11_length);

     __ jccb(Assembler::negative, L_failed_0);

     __ load_klass(r10_src_klass, src);

 #ifdef ASSERT

     //  assert(src->klass() != NULL);

     {

       BLOCK_COMMENT("assert klasses not null {");

       Label L1, L2;

       __ testptr(r10_src_klass, r10_src_klass);

       __ jcc(Assembler::notZero, L2);   // it is broken if klass is NULL

       __ bind(L1);

       __ stop("broken null klass");

       __ bind(L2);

       __ load_klass(rax, dst);

       __ cmpq(rax, 0);

       __ jcc(Assembler::equal, L1);     // this would be broken also

       BLOCK_COMMENT("} assert klasses not null done");

     }

 #endif

     // Load layout helper (32-bits)

     //

     //  |array_tag|     | header_size | element_type |     |log2_element_size|

     // 32        30    24            16              8     2                 0

     //

     //   array_tag: typeArray = 0x3, objArray = 0x2, non-array = 0x0

     //

     const int lh_offset = in_bytes(Klass::layout_helper_offset());

     // Handle objArrays completely differently...

     const jint objArray_lh = Klass::array_layout_helper(T_OBJECT);

     __ cmpl(Address(r10_src_klass, lh_offset), objArray_lh);

     __ jcc(Assembler::equal, L_objArray);

     //  if (src->klass() != dst->klass()) return -1;

     __ load_klass(rax, dst);

     __ cmpq(r10_src_klass, rax);

     __ jcc(Assembler::notEqual, L_failed);

     const Register rax_lh = rax;  // layout helper

     __ movl(rax_lh, Address(r10_src_klass, lh_offset));

     //  if (!src->is_Array()) return -1;

     __ cmpl(rax_lh, Klass::_lh_neutral_value);

     __ jcc(Assembler::greaterEqual, L_failed);

     // At this point, it is known to be a typeArray (array_tag 0x3).

 #ifdef ASSERT

     {

       BLOCK_COMMENT("assert primitive array {");

       Label L;

       __ cmpl(rax_lh, (Klass::_lh_array_tag_type_value << Klass::_lh_array_tag_shift));

       __ jcc(Assembler::greaterEqual, L);

       __ stop("must be a primitive array");

       __ bind(L);

       BLOCK_COMMENT("} assert primitive array done");

     }

 #endif

     arraycopy_range_checks(src, src_pos, dst, dst_pos, r11_length,

                            r10, L_failed);

     // TypeArrayKlass

     //

     // src_addr = (src + array_header_in_bytes()) + (src_pos << log2elemsize);

     // dst_addr = (dst + array_header_in_bytes()) + (dst_pos << log2elemsize);

     //

     const Register r10_offset = r10;    // array offset

     const Register rax_elsize = rax_lh; // element size

     __ movl(r10_offset, rax_lh);

     __ shrl(r10_offset, Klass::_lh_header_size_shift);

     __ andptr(r10_offset, Klass::_lh_header_size_mask);   // array_offset

     __ addptr(src, r10_offset);           // src array offset

     __ addptr(dst, r10_offset);           // dst array offset

     BLOCK_COMMENT("choose copy loop based on element size");

     __ andl(rax_lh, Klass::_lh_log2_element_size_mask); // rax_lh -> rax_elsize

     // next registers should be set before the jump to corresponding stub

     const Register from     = c_rarg0;  // source array address

     const Register to       = c_rarg1;  // destination array address

     const Register count    = c_rarg2;  // elements count

     // 'from', 'to', 'count' registers should be set in such order

     // since they are the same as 'src', 'src_pos', 'dst'.

   __ BIND(L_copy_bytes);

     __ cmpl(rax_elsize, 0);

     __ jccb(Assembler::notEqual, L_copy_shorts);

     __ lea(from, Address(src, src_pos, Address::times_1, 0));// src_addr

     __ lea(to,   Address(dst, dst_pos, Address::times_1, 0));// dst_addr

     __ movl2ptr(count, r11_length); // length

     __ jump(RuntimeAddress(byte_copy_entry));

   __ BIND(L_copy_shorts);

     __ cmpl(rax_elsize, LogBytesPerShort);

     __ jccb(Assembler::notEqual, L_copy_ints);

     __ lea(from, Address(src, src_pos, Address::times_2, 0));// src_addr

     __ lea(to,   Address(dst, dst_pos, Address::times_2, 0));// dst_addr

     __ movl2ptr(count, r11_length); // length