Mercurial > jdk8-mips64-public > hotspot / file revision

 /*

  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

  *

  */

 // no precompiled headers

 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"

 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"

 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"

 #include "code/icBuffer.hpp"

 #include "code/vtableStubs.hpp"

 #include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"

 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"

 #include "jvm_solaris.h"

 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"

 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"

 #include "mutex_solaris.inline.hpp"

 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

 #include "os_share_solaris.hpp"

 #include "prims/jniFastGetField.hpp"

 #include "prims/jvm.h"

 #include "prims/jvm_misc.hpp"

 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"

 #include "runtime/extendedPC.hpp"

 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"

 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"

 #include "runtime/java.hpp"

 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"

 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"

 #include "runtime/objectMonitor.hpp"

 #include "runtime/osThread.hpp"

 #include "runtime/perfMemory.hpp"

 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"

 #include "runtime/statSampler.hpp"

 #include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"

 #include "runtime/threadCritical.hpp"

 #include "runtime/timer.hpp"

 #include "services/attachListener.hpp"

 #include "services/runtimeService.hpp"

 #include "thread_solaris.inline.hpp"

 #include "utilities/decoder.hpp"

 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"

 #include "utilities/events.hpp"

 #include "utilities/growableArray.hpp"

 #include "utilities/vmError.hpp"

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_x86

 # include "assembler_x86.inline.hpp"

 # include "nativeInst_x86.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_sparc

 # include "assembler_sparc.inline.hpp"

 # include "nativeInst_sparc.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef COMPILER1

 #include "c1/c1_Runtime1.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef COMPILER2

 #include "opto/runtime.hpp"

 #endif

 // put OS-includes here

 # include <dlfcn.h>

 # include <errno.h>

 # include <exception>

 # include <link.h>

 # include <poll.h>

 # include <pthread.h>

 # include <pwd.h>

 # include <schedctl.h>

 # include <setjmp.h>

 # include <signal.h>

 # include <stdio.h>

 # include <alloca.h>

 # include <sys/filio.h>

 # include <sys/ipc.h>

 # include <sys/lwp.h>

 # include <sys/machelf.h>     // for elf Sym structure used by dladdr1

 # include <sys/mman.h>

 # include <sys/processor.h>

 # include <sys/procset.h>

 # include <sys/pset.h>

 # include <sys/resource.h>

 # include <sys/shm.h>

 # include <sys/socket.h>

 # include <sys/stat.h>

 # include <sys/systeminfo.h>

 # include <sys/time.h>

 # include <sys/times.h>

 # include <sys/types.h>

 # include <sys/wait.h>

 # include <sys/utsname.h>

 # include <thread.h>

 # include <unistd.h>

 # include <sys/priocntl.h>

 # include <sys/rtpriocntl.h>

 # include <sys/tspriocntl.h>

 # include <sys/iapriocntl.h>

 # include <sys/loadavg.h>

 # include <string.h>

 # include <stdio.h>

 # define _STRUCTURED_PROC 1  //  this gets us the new structured proc interfaces of 5.6 & later

 # include <sys/procfs.h>     //  see comment in <sys/procfs.h>

 #define MAX_PATH (2 * K)

 // for timer info max values which include all bits

 #define ALL_64_BITS CONST64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)

 #ifdef _GNU_SOURCE

 // See bug #6514594

 extern "C" int madvise(caddr_t, size_t, int);

 extern "C"  int memcntl(caddr_t addr, size_t len, int cmd, caddr_t  arg,

      int attr, int mask);

 #endif //_GNU_SOURCE

 /*

   MPSS Changes Start.

   The JVM binary needs to be built and run on pre-Solaris 9

   systems, but the constants needed by MPSS are only in Solaris 9

   header files.  They are textually replicated here to allow

   building on earlier systems.  Once building on Solaris 8 is

   no longer a requirement, these #defines can be replaced by ordinary

   system .h inclusion.

   In earlier versions of the  JDK and Solaris, we used ISM for large pages.

   But ISM requires shared memory to achieve this and thus has many caveats.

   MPSS is a fully transparent and is a cleaner way to get large pages.

   Although we still require keeping ISM for backward compatiblitiy as well as

   giving the opportunity to use large pages on older systems it is

   recommended that MPSS be used for Solaris 9 and above.

 */

 #ifndef MC_HAT_ADVISE

 struct memcntl_mha {

   uint_t          mha_cmd;        /* command(s) */

   uint_t          mha_flags;

   size_t          mha_pagesize;

 };

 #define MC_HAT_ADVISE   7       /* advise hat map size */

 #define MHA_MAPSIZE_VA  0x1     /* set preferred page size */

 #define MAP_ALIGN       0x200   /* addr specifies alignment */

 #endif

 // MPSS Changes End.

 // Here are some liblgrp types from sys/lgrp_user.h to be able to

 // compile on older systems without this header file.

 #ifndef MADV_ACCESS_LWP

 # define  MADV_ACCESS_LWP         7       /* next LWP to access heavily */

 #endif

 #ifndef MADV_ACCESS_MANY

 # define  MADV_ACCESS_MANY        8       /* many processes to access heavily */

 #endif

 #ifndef LGRP_RSRC_CPU

 # define LGRP_RSRC_CPU           0       /* CPU resources */

 #endif

 #ifndef LGRP_RSRC_MEM

 # define LGRP_RSRC_MEM           1       /* memory resources */

 #endif

 // Some more macros from sys/mman.h that are not present in Solaris 8.

 #ifndef MAX_MEMINFO_CNT

 /*

  * info_req request type definitions for meminfo

  * request types starting with MEMINFO_V are used for Virtual addresses

  * and should not be mixed with MEMINFO_PLGRP which is targeted for Physical

  * addresses

  */

 # define MEMINFO_SHIFT           16

 # define MEMINFO_MASK            (0xFF << MEMINFO_SHIFT)

 # define MEMINFO_VPHYSICAL       (0x01 << MEMINFO_SHIFT) /* get physical addr */

 # define MEMINFO_VLGRP           (0x02 << MEMINFO_SHIFT) /* get lgroup */

 # define MEMINFO_VPAGESIZE       (0x03 << MEMINFO_SHIFT) /* size of phys page */

 # define MEMINFO_VREPLCNT        (0x04 << MEMINFO_SHIFT) /* no. of replica */

 # define MEMINFO_VREPL           (0x05 << MEMINFO_SHIFT) /* physical replica */

 # define MEMINFO_VREPL_LGRP      (0x06 << MEMINFO_SHIFT) /* lgrp of replica */

 # define MEMINFO_PLGRP           (0x07 << MEMINFO_SHIFT) /* lgroup for paddr */

 /* maximum number of addresses meminfo() can process at a time */

 # define MAX_MEMINFO_CNT 256

 /* maximum number of request types */

 # define MAX_MEMINFO_REQ 31

 #endif

 // see thr_setprio(3T) for the basis of these numbers

 #define MinimumPriority 0

 #define NormalPriority  64

 #define MaximumPriority 127

 // Values for ThreadPriorityPolicy == 1

 int prio_policy1[MaxPriority+1] = { -99999, 0, 16, 32, 48, 64,

                                         80, 96, 112, 124, 127 };

 // System parameters used internally

 static clock_t clock_tics_per_sec = 100;

 // Track if we have called enable_extended_FILE_stdio (on Solaris 10u4+)

 static bool enabled_extended_FILE_stdio = false;

 // For diagnostics to print a message once. see run_periodic_checks

 static bool check_addr0_done = false;

 static sigset_t check_signal_done;

 static bool check_signals = true;

 address os::Solaris::handler_start;  // start pc of thr_sighndlrinfo

 address os::Solaris::handler_end;    // end pc of thr_sighndlrinfo

 address os::Solaris::_main_stack_base = NULL;  // 4352906 workaround

 // "default" initializers for missing libc APIs

 extern "C" {

   static int lwp_mutex_init(mutex_t *mx, int scope, void *arg) { memset(mx, 0, sizeof(mutex_t)); return 0; }

   static int lwp_mutex_destroy(mutex_t *mx)                 { return 0; }

   static int lwp_cond_init(cond_t *cv, int scope, void *arg){ memset(cv, 0, sizeof(cond_t)); return 0; }

   static int lwp_cond_destroy(cond_t *cv)                   { return 0; }

 }

 // "default" initializers for pthread-based synchronization

 extern "C" {

   static int pthread_mutex_default_init(mutex_t *mx, int scope, void *arg) { memset(mx, 0, sizeof(mutex_t)); return 0; }

   static int pthread_cond_default_init(cond_t *cv, int scope, void *arg){ memset(cv, 0, sizeof(cond_t)); return 0; }

 }

 // Thread Local Storage

 // This is common to all Solaris platforms so it is defined here,

 // in this common file.

 // The declarations are in the os_cpu threadLS*.hpp files.

 //

 // Static member initialization for TLS

 Thread* ThreadLocalStorage::_get_thread_cache[ThreadLocalStorage::_pd_cache_size] = {NULL};

 #ifndef PRODUCT

 #define _PCT(n,d)       ((100.0*(double)(n))/(double)(d))

 int ThreadLocalStorage::_tcacheHit = 0;

 int ThreadLocalStorage::_tcacheMiss = 0;

 void ThreadLocalStorage::print_statistics() {

   int total = _tcacheMiss+_tcacheHit;

   tty->print_cr("Thread cache hits %d misses %d total %d percent %f\n",

                 _tcacheHit, _tcacheMiss, total, _PCT(_tcacheHit, total));

 }

 #undef _PCT

 #endif // PRODUCT

 Thread* ThreadLocalStorage::get_thread_via_cache_slowly(uintptr_t raw_id,

                                                         int index) {

   Thread *thread = get_thread_slow();

   if (thread != NULL) {

     address sp = os::current_stack_pointer();

     guarantee(thread->_stack_base == NULL ||

               (sp <= thread->_stack_base &&

                  sp >= thread->_stack_base - thread->_stack_size) ||

                is_error_reported(),

               "sp must be inside of selected thread stack");

     thread->set_self_raw_id(raw_id);  // mark for quick retrieval

     _get_thread_cache[ index ] = thread;

   }

   return thread;

 }

 static const double all_zero[ sizeof(Thread) / sizeof(double) + 1 ] = {0};

 #define NO_CACHED_THREAD ((Thread*)all_zero)

 void ThreadLocalStorage::pd_set_thread(Thread* thread) {

   // Store the new value before updating the cache to prevent a race

   // between get_thread_via_cache_slowly() and this store operation.

   os::thread_local_storage_at_put(ThreadLocalStorage::thread_index(), thread);

   // Update thread cache with new thread if setting on thread create,

   // or NO_CACHED_THREAD (zeroed) thread if resetting thread on exit.

   uintptr_t raw = pd_raw_thread_id();

   int ix = pd_cache_index(raw);

   _get_thread_cache[ix] = thread == NULL ? NO_CACHED_THREAD : thread;

 }

 void ThreadLocalStorage::pd_init() {

   for (int i = 0; i < _pd_cache_size; i++) {

     _get_thread_cache[i] = NO_CACHED_THREAD;

   }

 }

 // Invalidate all the caches (happens to be the same as pd_init).

 void ThreadLocalStorage::pd_invalidate_all() { pd_init(); }

 #undef NO_CACHED_THREAD

 // END Thread Local Storage

 static inline size_t adjust_stack_size(address base, size_t size) {

   if ((ssize_t)size < 0) {

     // 4759953: Compensate for ridiculous stack size.

     size = max_intx;

   }

   if (size > (size_t)base) {

     // 4812466: Make sure size doesn't allow the stack to wrap the address space.

     size = (size_t)base;

   }

   return size;

 }

 static inline stack_t get_stack_info() {

   stack_t st;

   int retval = thr_stksegment(&st);

   st.ss_size = adjust_stack_size((address)st.ss_sp, st.ss_size);

   assert(retval == 0, "incorrect return value from thr_stksegment");

   assert((address)&st < (address)st.ss_sp, "Invalid stack base returned");

   assert((address)&st > (address)st.ss_sp-st.ss_size, "Invalid stack size returned");

   return st;

 }

 address os::current_stack_base() {

   int r = thr_main() ;

   guarantee (r == 0 || r == 1, "CR6501650 or CR6493689") ;

   bool is_primordial_thread = r;

   // Workaround 4352906, avoid calls to thr_stksegment by

   // thr_main after the first one (it looks like we trash

   // some data, causing the value for ss_sp to be incorrect).

   if (!is_primordial_thread || os::Solaris::_main_stack_base == NULL) {

     stack_t st = get_stack_info();

     if (is_primordial_thread) {

       // cache initial value of stack base

       os::Solaris::_main_stack_base = (address)st.ss_sp;

     }

     return (address)st.ss_sp;

   } else {

     guarantee(os::Solaris::_main_stack_base != NULL, "Attempt to use null cached stack base");

     return os::Solaris::_main_stack_base;

   }

 }

 size_t os::current_stack_size() {

   size_t size;

   int r = thr_main() ;

   guarantee (r == 0 || r == 1, "CR6501650 or CR6493689") ;

   if(!r) {

     size = get_stack_info().ss_size;

   } else {

     struct rlimit limits;

     getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &limits);

     size = adjust_stack_size(os::Solaris::_main_stack_base, (size_t)limits.rlim_cur);

   }

   // base may not be page aligned

   address base = current_stack_base();

   address bottom = (address)align_size_up((intptr_t)(base - size), os::vm_page_size());;

   return (size_t)(base - bottom);

 }

 struct tm* os::localtime_pd(const time_t* clock, struct tm*  res) {

   return localtime_r(clock, res);

 }

 // interruptible infrastructure

 // setup_interruptible saves the thread state before going into an

 // interruptible system call.

 // The saved state is used to restore the thread to

 // its former state whether or not an interrupt is received.

 // Used by classloader os::read

 // os::restartable_read calls skip this layer and stay in _thread_in_native

 void os::Solaris::setup_interruptible(JavaThread* thread) {

   JavaThreadState thread_state = thread->thread_state();

   assert(thread_state != _thread_blocked, "Coming from the wrong thread");

   assert(thread_state != _thread_in_native, "Native threads skip setup_interruptible");

   OSThread* osthread = thread->osthread();

   osthread->set_saved_interrupt_thread_state(thread_state);

   thread->frame_anchor()->make_walkable(thread);

   ThreadStateTransition::transition(thread, thread_state, _thread_blocked);

 }

 // Version of setup_interruptible() for threads that are already in

 // _thread_blocked. Used by os_sleep().

 void os::Solaris::setup_interruptible_already_blocked(JavaThread* thread) {

   thread->frame_anchor()->make_walkable(thread);

 }

 JavaThread* os::Solaris::setup_interruptible() {

   JavaThread* thread = (JavaThread*)ThreadLocalStorage::thread();

   setup_interruptible(thread);

   return thread;

 }

 void os::Solaris::try_enable_extended_io() {

   typedef int (*enable_extended_FILE_stdio_t)(int, int);

   if (!UseExtendedFileIO) {

     return;

   }

   enable_extended_FILE_stdio_t enabler =

     (enable_extended_FILE_stdio_t) dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT,

                                          "enable_extended_FILE_stdio");

   if (enabler) {

     enabler(-1, -1);

   }

 }

 #ifdef ASSERT

 JavaThread* os::Solaris::setup_interruptible_native() {

   JavaThread* thread = (JavaThread*)ThreadLocalStorage::thread();

   JavaThreadState thread_state = thread->thread_state();

   assert(thread_state == _thread_in_native, "Assumed thread_in_native");

   return thread;

 }

 void os::Solaris::cleanup_interruptible_native(JavaThread* thread) {

   JavaThreadState thread_state = thread->thread_state();

   assert(thread_state == _thread_in_native, "Assumed thread_in_native");

 }

 #endif

 // cleanup_interruptible reverses the effects of setup_interruptible

 // setup_interruptible_already_blocked() does not need any cleanup.

 void os::Solaris::cleanup_interruptible(JavaThread* thread) {

   OSThread* osthread = thread->osthread();

   ThreadStateTransition::transition(thread, _thread_blocked, osthread->saved_interrupt_thread_state());

 }

 // I/O interruption related counters called in _INTERRUPTIBLE

 void os::Solaris::bump_interrupted_before_count() {

   RuntimeService::record_interrupted_before_count();

 }

 void os::Solaris::bump_interrupted_during_count() {

   RuntimeService::record_interrupted_during_count();

 }

 static int _processors_online = 0;

          jint os::Solaris::_os_thread_limit = 0;

 volatile jint os::Solaris::_os_thread_count = 0;

 julong os::available_memory() {

   return Solaris::available_memory();

 }

 julong os::Solaris::available_memory() {

   return (julong)sysconf(_SC_AVPHYS_PAGES) * os::vm_page_size();

 }

 julong os::Solaris::_physical_memory = 0;

 julong os::physical_memory() {

    return Solaris::physical_memory();

 }

 julong os::allocatable_physical_memory(julong size) {

 #ifdef _LP64

    return size;

 #else

    julong result = MIN2(size, (julong)3835*M);

    if (!is_allocatable(result)) {

      // Memory allocations will be aligned but the alignment

      // is not known at this point.  Alignments will

      // be at most to LargePageSizeInBytes.  Protect

      // allocations from alignments up to illegal

      // values. If at this point 2G is illegal.

      julong reasonable_size = (julong)2*G - 2 * LargePageSizeInBytes;

      result =  MIN2(size, reasonable_size);

    }

    return result;

 #endif

 }

 static hrtime_t first_hrtime = 0;

 static const hrtime_t hrtime_hz = 1000*1000*1000;

 const int LOCK_BUSY = 1;

 const int LOCK_FREE = 0;

 const int LOCK_INVALID = -1;

 static volatile hrtime_t max_hrtime = 0;

 static volatile int max_hrtime_lock = LOCK_FREE;     // Update counter with LSB as lock-in-progress

 void os::Solaris::initialize_system_info() {

   set_processor_count(sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF));

   _processors_online = sysconf (_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);

   _physical_memory = (julong)sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES) * (julong)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);

 }

 int os::active_processor_count() {

   int online_cpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);

   pid_t pid = getpid();

   psetid_t pset = PS_NONE;

   // Are we running in a processor set or is there any processor set around?

   if (pset_bind(PS_QUERY, P_PID, pid, &pset) == 0) {

     uint_t pset_cpus;

     // Query the number of cpus available to us.

     if (pset_info(pset, NULL, &pset_cpus, NULL) == 0) {

       assert(pset_cpus > 0 && pset_cpus <= online_cpus, "sanity check");

       _processors_online = pset_cpus;

       return pset_cpus;

     }

   }

   // Otherwise return number of online cpus

   return online_cpus;

 }

 static bool find_processors_in_pset(psetid_t        pset,

                                     processorid_t** id_array,

                                     uint_t*         id_length) {

   bool result = false;

   // Find the number of processors in the processor set.

   if (pset_info(pset, NULL, id_length, NULL) == 0) {

     // Make up an array to hold their ids.

     *id_array = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(processorid_t, *id_length);

     // Fill in the array with their processor ids.

     if (pset_info(pset, NULL, id_length, *id_array) == 0) {

       result = true;

     }

   }

   return result;

 }

 // Callers of find_processors_online() must tolerate imprecise results --

 // the system configuration can change asynchronously because of DR

 // or explicit psradm operations.

 //

 // We also need to take care that the loop (below) terminates as the

 // number of processors online can change between the _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN

 // request and the loop that builds the list of processor ids.   Unfortunately

 // there's no reliable way to determine the maximum valid processor id,

 // so we use a manifest constant, MAX_PROCESSOR_ID, instead.  See p_online

 // man pages, which claim the processor id set is "sparse, but

 // not too sparse".  MAX_PROCESSOR_ID is used to ensure that we eventually

 // exit the loop.

 //

 // In the future we'll be able to use sysconf(_SC_CPUID_MAX), but that's

 // not available on S8.0.

 static bool find_processors_online(processorid_t** id_array,

                                    uint*           id_length) {

   const processorid_t MAX_PROCESSOR_ID = 100000 ;

   // Find the number of processors online.

   *id_length = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);

   // Make up an array to hold their ids.

   *id_array = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(processorid_t, *id_length);

   // Processors need not be numbered consecutively.

   long found = 0;

   processorid_t next = 0;

   while (found < *id_length && next < MAX_PROCESSOR_ID) {

     processor_info_t info;

     if (processor_info(next, &info) == 0) {

       // NB, PI_NOINTR processors are effectively online ...

       if (info.pi_state == P_ONLINE || info.pi_state == P_NOINTR) {

         (*id_array)[found] = next;

         found += 1;

       }

     }

     next += 1;

   }

   if (found < *id_length) {

       // The loop above didn't identify the expected number of processors.

       // We could always retry the operation, calling sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN)

       // and re-running the loop, above, but there's no guarantee of progress

       // if the system configuration is in flux.  Instead, we just return what

       // we've got.  Note that in the worst case find_processors_online() could

       // return an empty set.  (As a fall-back in the case of the empty set we

       // could just return the ID of the current processor).

       *id_length = found ;

   }

   return true;

 }

 static bool assign_distribution(processorid_t* id_array,

                                 uint           id_length,

                                 uint*          distribution,

                                 uint           distribution_length) {

   // We assume we can assign processorid_t's to uint's.

   assert(sizeof(processorid_t) == sizeof(uint),

          "can't convert processorid_t to uint");

   // Quick check to see if we won't succeed.

   if (id_length < distribution_length) {

     return false;

   }

   // Assign processor ids to the distribution.

   // Try to shuffle processors to distribute work across boards,

   // assuming 4 processors per board.

   const uint processors_per_board = ProcessDistributionStride;

   // Find the maximum processor id.

   processorid_t max_id = 0;

   for (uint m = 0; m < id_length; m += 1) {

     max_id = MAX2(max_id, id_array[m]);

   }

   // The next id, to limit loops.

   const processorid_t limit_id = max_id + 1;

   // Make up markers for available processors.

   bool* available_id = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(bool, limit_id);

   for (uint c = 0; c < limit_id; c += 1) {

     available_id[c] = false;

   }

   for (uint a = 0; a < id_length; a += 1) {

     available_id[id_array[a]] = true;

   }

   // Step by "boards", then by "slot", copying to "assigned".

   // NEEDS_CLEANUP: The assignment of processors should be stateful,

   //                remembering which processors have been assigned by

   //                previous calls, etc., so as to distribute several

   //                independent calls of this method.  What we'd like is

   //                It would be nice to have an API that let us ask

   //                how many processes are bound to a processor,

   //                but we don't have that, either.

   //                In the short term, "board" is static so that

   //                subsequent distributions don't all start at board 0.

   static uint board = 0;

   uint assigned = 0;

   // Until we've found enough processors ....

   while (assigned < distribution_length) {

     // ... find the next available processor in the board.

     for (uint slot = 0; slot < processors_per_board; slot += 1) {

       uint try_id = board * processors_per_board + slot;

       if ((try_id < limit_id) && (available_id[try_id] == true)) {

         distribution[assigned] = try_id;

         available_id[try_id] = false;

         assigned += 1;

         break;

       }

     }

     board += 1;

     if (board * processors_per_board + 0 >= limit_id) {

       board = 0;

     }

   }

   if (available_id != NULL) {

     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(bool, available_id);

   }

   return true;

 }

 void os::set_native_thread_name(const char *name) {

   // Not yet implemented.

   return;

 }

 bool os::distribute_processes(uint length, uint* distribution) {

   bool result = false;

   // Find the processor id's of all the available CPUs.

   processorid_t* id_array  = NULL;

   uint           id_length = 0;

   // There are some races between querying information and using it,

   // since processor sets can change dynamically.

   psetid_t pset = PS_NONE;

   // Are we running in a processor set?

   if ((pset_bind(PS_QUERY, P_PID, P_MYID, &pset) == 0) && pset != PS_NONE) {

     result = find_processors_in_pset(pset, &id_array, &id_length);

   } else {

     result = find_processors_online(&id_array, &id_length);

   }

   if (result == true) {

     if (id_length >= length) {

       result = assign_distribution(id_array, id_length, distribution, length);

     } else {

       result = false;

     }

   }

   if (id_array != NULL) {

     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(processorid_t, id_array);

   }

   return result;

 }

 bool os::bind_to_processor(uint processor_id) {

   // We assume that a processorid_t can be stored in a uint.

   assert(sizeof(uint) == sizeof(processorid_t),

          "can't convert uint to processorid_t");

   int bind_result =

     processor_bind(P_LWPID,                       // bind LWP.

                    P_MYID,                        // bind current LWP.

                    (processorid_t) processor_id,  // id.

                    NULL);                         // don't return old binding.

   return (bind_result == 0);

 }

 bool os::getenv(const char* name, char* buffer, int len) {

   char* val = ::getenv( name );

   if ( val == NULL

   ||   strlen(val) + 1  >  len ) {

     if (len > 0)  buffer[0] = 0; // return a null string

     return false;

   }

   strcpy( buffer, val );

   return true;

 }

 // Return true if user is running as root.

 bool os::have_special_privileges() {

   static bool init = false;

   static bool privileges = false;

   if (!init) {

     privileges = (getuid() != geteuid()) || (getgid() != getegid());

     init = true;

   }

   return privileges;

 }

 void os::init_system_properties_values() {

   char arch[12];

   sysinfo(SI_ARCHITECTURE, arch, sizeof(arch));

   // The next steps are taken in the product version:

   //

   // Obtain the JAVA_HOME value from the location of libjvm[_g].so.

   // This library should be located at:

   // <JAVA_HOME>/jre/lib/<arch>/{client|server}/libjvm[_g].so.

   //

   // If "/jre/lib/" appears at the right place in the path, then we

   // assume libjvm[_g].so is installed in a JDK and we use this path.

   //

   // Otherwise exit with message: "Could not create the Java virtual machine."

   //

   // The following extra steps are taken in the debugging version:

   //

   // If "/jre/lib/" does NOT appear at the right place in the path

   // instead of exit check for $JAVA_HOME environment variable.

   //

   // If it is defined and we are able to locate $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/<arch>,

   // then we append a fake suffix "hotspot/libjvm[_g].so" to this path so

   // it looks like libjvm[_g].so is installed there

   // <JAVA_HOME>/jre/lib/<arch>/hotspot/libjvm[_g].so.

   //

   // Otherwise exit.

   //

   // Important note: if the location of libjvm.so changes this

   // code needs to be changed accordingly.

   // The next few definitions allow the code to be verbatim:

 #define malloc(n) (char*)NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, (n))

 #define free(p) FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, p)

 #define getenv(n) ::getenv(n)

 #define EXTENSIONS_DIR  "/lib/ext"

 #define ENDORSED_DIR    "/lib/endorsed"

 #define COMMON_DIR      "/usr/jdk/packages"

   {

     /* sysclasspath, java_home, dll_dir */

     {

         char *home_path;

         char *dll_path;

         char *pslash;

         char buf[MAXPATHLEN];

         os::jvm_path(buf, sizeof(buf));

         // Found the full path to libjvm.so.

         // Now cut the path to <java_home>/jre if we can.

         *(strrchr(buf, '/')) = '\0';  /* get rid of /libjvm.so */

         pslash = strrchr(buf, '/');

         if (pslash != NULL)

             *pslash = '\0';           /* get rid of /{client|server|hotspot} */

         dll_path = malloc(strlen(buf) + 1);

         if (dll_path == NULL)

             return;

         strcpy(dll_path, buf);

         Arguments::set_dll_dir(dll_path);

         if (pslash != NULL) {

             pslash = strrchr(buf, '/');

             if (pslash != NULL) {

                 *pslash = '\0';       /* get rid of /<arch> */

                 pslash = strrchr(buf, '/');

                 if (pslash != NULL)

                     *pslash = '\0';   /* get rid of /lib */

             }

         }

         home_path = malloc(strlen(buf) + 1);

         if (home_path == NULL)

             return;

         strcpy(home_path, buf);

         Arguments::set_java_home(home_path);

         if (!set_boot_path('/', ':'))

             return;

     }

     /*

      * Where to look for native libraries

      */

     {

       // Use dlinfo() to determine the correct java.library.path.

       //

       // If we're launched by the Java launcher, and the user

       // does not set java.library.path explicitly on the commandline,

       // the Java launcher sets LD_LIBRARY_PATH for us and unsets

       // LD_LIBRARY_PATH_32 and LD_LIBRARY_PATH_64.  In this case

       // dlinfo returns LD_LIBRARY_PATH + crle settings (including

       // /usr/lib), which is exactly what we want.

       //

       // If the user does set java.library.path, it completely

       // overwrites this setting, and always has.

       //

       // If we're not launched by the Java launcher, we may

       // get here with any/all of the LD_LIBRARY_PATH[_32|64]

       // settings.  Again, dlinfo does exactly what we want.

       Dl_serinfo     _info, *info = &_info;

       Dl_serpath     *path;

       char*          library_path;

       char           *common_path;

       int            i;

       // determine search path count and required buffer size

       if (dlinfo(RTLD_SELF, RTLD_DI_SERINFOSIZE, (void *)info) == -1) {

         vm_exit_during_initialization("dlinfo SERINFOSIZE request", dlerror());

       }

       // allocate new buffer and initialize

       info = (Dl_serinfo*)malloc(_info.dls_size);

       if (info == NULL) {

         vm_exit_out_of_memory(_info.dls_size,

                               "init_system_properties_values info");

       }

       info->dls_size = _info.dls_size;

       info->dls_cnt = _info.dls_cnt;

       // obtain search path information

       if (dlinfo(RTLD_SELF, RTLD_DI_SERINFO, (void *)info) == -1) {

         free(info);

         vm_exit_during_initialization("dlinfo SERINFO request", dlerror());

       }

       path = &info->dls_serpath[0];

       // Note: Due to a legacy implementation, most of the library path

       // is set in the launcher.  This was to accomodate linking restrictions

       // on legacy Solaris implementations (which are no longer supported).

       // Eventually, all the library path setting will be done here.

       //

       // However, to prevent the proliferation of improperly built native

       // libraries, the new path component /usr/jdk/packages is added here.

       // Determine the actual CPU architecture.

       char cpu_arch[12];

       sysinfo(SI_ARCHITECTURE, cpu_arch, sizeof(cpu_arch));

 #ifdef _LP64

       // If we are a 64-bit vm, perform the following translations:

       //   sparc   -> sparcv9

       //   i386    -> amd64

       if (strcmp(cpu_arch, "sparc") == 0)

         strcat(cpu_arch, "v9");

       else if (strcmp(cpu_arch, "i386") == 0)

         strcpy(cpu_arch, "amd64");

 #endif

       // Construct the invariant part of ld_library_path. Note that the

       // space for the colon and the trailing null are provided by the

       // nulls included by the sizeof operator.

       size_t bufsize = sizeof(COMMON_DIR) + sizeof("/lib/") + strlen(cpu_arch);

       common_path = malloc(bufsize);

       if (common_path == NULL) {

         free(info);

         vm_exit_out_of_memory(bufsize,

                               "init_system_properties_values common_path");

       }

       sprintf(common_path, COMMON_DIR "/lib/%s", cpu_arch);

       // struct size is more than sufficient for the path components obtained

       // through the dlinfo() call, so only add additional space for the path

       // components explicitly added here.

       bufsize = info->dls_size + strlen(common_path);

       library_path = malloc(bufsize);

       if (library_path == NULL) {

         free(info);

         free(common_path);

         vm_exit_out_of_memory(bufsize,

                               "init_system_properties_values library_path");

       }

       library_path[0] = '\0';

       // Construct the desired Java library path from the linker's library

       // search path.

       //

       // For compatibility, it is optimal that we insert the additional path

       // components specific to the Java VM after those components specified

       // in LD_LIBRARY_PATH (if any) but before those added by the ld.so

       // infrastructure.

       if (info->dls_cnt == 0) { // Not sure this can happen, but allow for it

         strcpy(library_path, common_path);

       } else {

         int inserted = 0;

         for (i = 0; i < info->dls_cnt; i++, path++) {

           uint_t flags = path->dls_flags & LA_SER_MASK;

           if (((flags & LA_SER_LIBPATH) == 0) && !inserted) {

             strcat(library_path, common_path);

             strcat(library_path, os::path_separator());

             inserted = 1;

           }

           strcat(library_path, path->dls_name);

           strcat(library_path, os::path_separator());

         }

         // eliminate trailing path separator

         library_path[strlen(library_path)-1] = '\0';

       }

       // happens before argument parsing - can't use a trace flag

       // tty->print_raw("init_system_properties_values: native lib path: ");

       // tty->print_raw_cr(library_path);

       // callee copies into its own buffer

       Arguments::set_library_path(library_path);

       free(common_path);

       free(library_path);

       free(info);

     }

     /*

      * Extensions directories.

      *

      * Note that the space for the colon and the trailing null are provided

      * by the nulls included by the sizeof operator (so actually one byte more

      * than necessary is allocated).

      */

     {

         char *buf = (char *) malloc(strlen(Arguments::get_java_home()) +

             sizeof(EXTENSIONS_DIR) + sizeof(COMMON_DIR) +

             sizeof(EXTENSIONS_DIR));

         sprintf(buf, "%s" EXTENSIONS_DIR ":" COMMON_DIR EXTENSIONS_DIR,

             Arguments::get_java_home());

         Arguments::set_ext_dirs(buf);

     }

     /* Endorsed standards default directory. */

     {

         char * buf = malloc(strlen(Arguments::get_java_home()) + sizeof(ENDORSED_DIR));

         sprintf(buf, "%s" ENDORSED_DIR, Arguments::get_java_home());

         Arguments::set_endorsed_dirs(buf);

     }

   }

 #undef malloc

 #undef free

 #undef getenv

 #undef EXTENSIONS_DIR

 #undef ENDORSED_DIR

 #undef COMMON_DIR

 }

 void os::breakpoint() {

   BREAKPOINT;

 }

 bool os::obsolete_option(const JavaVMOption *option)

 {

   if (!strncmp(option->optionString, "-Xt", 3)) {

     return true;

   } else if (!strncmp(option->optionString, "-Xtm", 4)) {

     return true;

   } else if (!strncmp(option->optionString, "-Xverifyheap", 12)) {

     return true;

   } else if (!strncmp(option->optionString, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", 16)) {

     return true;

   }

   return false;

 }

 bool os::Solaris::valid_stack_address(Thread* thread, address sp) {

   address  stackStart  = (address)thread->stack_base();

   address  stackEnd    = (address)(stackStart - (address)thread->stack_size());

   if (sp < stackStart && sp >= stackEnd ) return true;

   return false;

 }

 extern "C" void breakpoint() {

   // use debugger to set breakpoint here

 }

 // Returns an estimate of the current stack pointer. Result must be guaranteed to

 // point into the calling threads stack, and be no lower than the current stack

 // pointer.

 address os::current_stack_pointer() {

   volatile int dummy;

   address sp = (address)&dummy + 8;     // %%%% need to confirm if this is right

   return sp;

 }

 static thread_t main_thread;

 // Thread start routine for all new Java threads

 extern "C" void* java_start(void* thread_addr) {

   // Try to randomize the cache line index of hot stack frames.

   // This helps when threads of the same stack traces evict each other's

   // cache lines. The threads can be either from the same JVM instance, or

   // from different JVM instances. The benefit is especially true for

   // processors with hyperthreading technology.

   static int counter = 0;

   int pid = os::current_process_id();

   alloca(((pid ^ counter++) & 7) * 128);

   int prio;

   Thread* thread = (Thread*)thread_addr;

   OSThread* osthr = thread->osthread();

   osthr->set_lwp_id( _lwp_self() );  // Store lwp in case we are bound

   thread->_schedctl = (void *) schedctl_init () ;

   if (UseNUMA) {

     int lgrp_id = os::numa_get_group_id();

     if (lgrp_id != -1) {

       thread->set_lgrp_id(lgrp_id);

     }

   }

   // If the creator called set priority before we started,

   // we need to call set priority now that we have an lwp.

   // Get the priority from libthread and set the priority

   // for the new Solaris lwp.

   if ( osthr->thread_id() != -1 ) {

     if ( UseThreadPriorities ) {

       thr_getprio(osthr->thread_id(), &prio);

       if (ThreadPriorityVerbose) {

         tty->print_cr("Starting Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT ", LWP is " INTPTR_FORMAT ", setting priority: %d\n",

                       osthr->thread_id(), osthr->lwp_id(), prio );

       }

       os::set_native_priority(thread, prio);

     }

   } else if (ThreadPriorityVerbose) {

     warning("Can't set priority in _start routine, thread id hasn't been set\n");

   }

   assert(osthr->get_state() == RUNNABLE, "invalid os thread state");

   // initialize signal mask for this thread

   os::Solaris::hotspot_sigmask(thread);

   thread->run();

   // One less thread is executing

   // When the VMThread gets here, the main thread may have already exited

   // which frees the CodeHeap containing the Atomic::dec code

   if (thread != VMThread::vm_thread() && VMThread::vm_thread() != NULL) {

     Atomic::dec(&os::Solaris::_os_thread_count);

   }

   if (UseDetachedThreads) {

     thr_exit(NULL);

     ShouldNotReachHere();

   }

   return NULL;

 }

 static OSThread* create_os_thread(Thread* thread, thread_t thread_id) {

   // Allocate the OSThread object

   OSThread* osthread = new OSThread(NULL, NULL);

   if (osthread == NULL) return NULL;

   // Store info on the Solaris thread into the OSThread

   osthread->set_thread_id(thread_id);

   osthread->set_lwp_id(_lwp_self());

   thread->_schedctl = (void *) schedctl_init () ;

   if (UseNUMA) {

     int lgrp_id = os::numa_get_group_id();

     if (lgrp_id != -1) {

       thread->set_lgrp_id(lgrp_id);

     }

   }

   if ( ThreadPriorityVerbose ) {

     tty->print_cr("In create_os_thread, Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT ", LWP is " INTPTR_FORMAT "\n",

                   osthread->thread_id(), osthread->lwp_id() );

   }

   // Initial thread state is INITIALIZED, not SUSPENDED

   osthread->set_state(INITIALIZED);

   return osthread;

 }

 void os::Solaris::hotspot_sigmask(Thread* thread) {

   //Save caller's signal mask

   sigset_t sigmask;

   thr_sigsetmask(SIG_SETMASK, NULL, &sigmask);

   OSThread *osthread = thread->osthread();

   osthread->set_caller_sigmask(sigmask);

   thr_sigsetmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, os::Solaris::unblocked_signals(), NULL);

   if (!ReduceSignalUsage) {

     if (thread->is_VM_thread()) {

       // Only the VM thread handles BREAK_SIGNAL ...

       thr_sigsetmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, vm_signals(), NULL);

     } else {

       // ... all other threads block BREAK_SIGNAL

       assert(!sigismember(vm_signals(), SIGINT), "SIGINT should not be blocked");

       thr_sigsetmask(SIG_BLOCK, vm_signals(), NULL);

     }

   }

 }

 bool os::create_attached_thread(JavaThread* thread) {

 #ifdef ASSERT

   thread->verify_not_published();

 #endif

   OSThread* osthread = create_os_thread(thread, thr_self());

   if (osthread == NULL) {

      return false;

   }

   // Initial thread state is RUNNABLE

   osthread->set_state(RUNNABLE);

   thread->set_osthread(osthread);

   // initialize signal mask for this thread

   // and save the caller's signal mask

   os::Solaris::hotspot_sigmask(thread);

   return true;

 }

 bool os::create_main_thread(JavaThread* thread) {

 #ifdef ASSERT

   thread->verify_not_published();

 #endif

   if (_starting_thread == NULL) {

     _starting_thread = create_os_thread(thread, main_thread);

      if (_starting_thread == NULL) {

         return false;

      }

   }

   // The primodial thread is runnable from the start

   _starting_thread->set_state(RUNNABLE);

   thread->set_osthread(_starting_thread);

   // initialize signal mask for this thread

   // and save the caller's signal mask

   os::Solaris::hotspot_sigmask(thread);

   return true;

 }

 // _T2_libthread is true if we believe we are running with the newer

 // SunSoft lwp/libthread.so (2.8 patch, 2.9 default)

 bool os::Solaris::_T2_libthread = false;

 bool os::create_thread(Thread* thread, ThreadType thr_type, size_t stack_size) {

   // Allocate the OSThread object

   OSThread* osthread = new OSThread(NULL, NULL);

   if (osthread == NULL) {

     return false;

   }

   if ( ThreadPriorityVerbose ) {

     char *thrtyp;

     switch ( thr_type ) {

       case vm_thread:

         thrtyp = (char *)"vm";

         break;

       case cgc_thread:

         thrtyp = (char *)"cgc";

         break;

       case pgc_thread:

         thrtyp = (char *)"pgc";

         break;

       case java_thread:

         thrtyp = (char *)"java";

         break;

       case compiler_thread:

         thrtyp = (char *)"compiler";

         break;

       case watcher_thread:

         thrtyp = (char *)"watcher";

         break;

       default:

         thrtyp = (char *)"unknown";

         break;

     }

     tty->print_cr("In create_thread, creating a %s thread\n", thrtyp);

   }

   // Calculate stack size if it's not specified by caller.

   if (stack_size == 0) {

     // The default stack size 1M (2M for LP64).

     stack_size = (BytesPerWord >> 2) * K * K;

     switch (thr_type) {

     case os::java_thread:

       // Java threads use ThreadStackSize which default value can be changed with the flag -Xss

       if (JavaThread::stack_size_at_create() > 0) stack_size = JavaThread::stack_size_at_create();

       break;

     case os::compiler_thread:

       if (CompilerThreadStackSize > 0) {

         stack_size = (size_t)(CompilerThreadStackSize * K);

         break;

       } // else fall through:

         // use VMThreadStackSize if CompilerThreadStackSize is not defined

     case os::vm_thread:

     case os::pgc_thread:

     case os::cgc_thread:

     case os::watcher_thread:

       if (VMThreadStackSize > 0) stack_size = (size_t)(VMThreadStackSize * K);

       break;

     }

   }

   stack_size = MAX2(stack_size, os::Solaris::min_stack_allowed);

   // Initial state is ALLOCATED but not INITIALIZED

   osthread->set_state(ALLOCATED);

   if (os::Solaris::_os_thread_count > os::Solaris::_os_thread_limit) {

     // We got lots of threads. Check if we still have some address space left.

     // Need to be at least 5Mb of unreserved address space. We do check by

     // trying to reserve some.

     const size_t VirtualMemoryBangSize = 20*K*K;

     char* mem = os::reserve_memory(VirtualMemoryBangSize);

     if (mem == NULL) {

       delete osthread;

       return false;

     } else {

       // Release the memory again

       os::release_memory(mem, VirtualMemoryBangSize);

     }

   }

   // Setup osthread because the child thread may need it.

   thread->set_osthread(osthread);

   // Create the Solaris thread

   // explicit THR_BOUND for T2_libthread case in case

   // that assumption is not accurate, but our alternate signal stack

   // handling is based on it which must have bound threads

   thread_t tid = 0;

   long     flags = (UseDetachedThreads ? THR_DETACHED : 0) | THR_SUSPENDED

                    | ((UseBoundThreads || os::Solaris::T2_libthread() ||

                        (thr_type == vm_thread) ||

                        (thr_type == cgc_thread) ||

                        (thr_type == pgc_thread) ||

                        (thr_type == compiler_thread && BackgroundCompilation)) ?

                       THR_BOUND : 0);

   int      status;

   // 4376845 -- libthread/kernel don't provide enough LWPs to utilize all CPUs.

   //

   // On multiprocessors systems, libthread sometimes under-provisions our

   // process with LWPs.  On a 30-way systems, for instance, we could have

   // 50 user-level threads in ready state and only 2 or 3 LWPs assigned

   // to our process.  This can result in under utilization of PEs.

   // I suspect the problem is related to libthread's LWP

   // pool management and to the kernel's SIGBLOCKING "last LWP parked"

   // upcall policy.

   //

   // The following code is palliative -- it attempts to ensure that our

   // process has sufficient LWPs to take advantage of multiple PEs.

   // Proper long-term cures include using user-level threads bound to LWPs

   // (THR_BOUND) or using LWP-based synchronization.  Note that there is a

   // slight timing window with respect to sampling _os_thread_count, but

   // the race is benign.  Also, we should periodically recompute

   // _processors_online as the min of SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN and the

   // the number of PEs in our partition.  You might be tempted to use

   // THR_NEW_LWP here, but I'd recommend against it as that could

   // result in undesirable growth of the libthread's LWP pool.

   // The fix below isn't sufficient; for instance, it doesn't take into count

   // LWPs parked on IO.  It does, however, help certain CPU-bound benchmarks.

   //

   // Some pathologies this scheme doesn't handle:

   // *  Threads can block, releasing the LWPs.  The LWPs can age out.

   //    When a large number of threads become ready again there aren't

   //    enough LWPs available to service them.  This can occur when the

   //    number of ready threads oscillates.

   // *  LWPs/Threads park on IO, thus taking the LWP out of circulation.

   //

   // Finally, we should call thr_setconcurrency() periodically to refresh

   // the LWP pool and thwart the LWP age-out mechanism.

   // The "+3" term provides a little slop -- we want to slightly overprovision.

   if (AdjustConcurrency && os::Solaris::_os_thread_count < (_processors_online+3)) {

     if (!(flags & THR_BOUND)) {

       thr_setconcurrency (os::Solaris::_os_thread_count);       // avoid starvation

     }

   }

   // Although this doesn't hurt, we should warn of undefined behavior

   // when using unbound T1 threads with schedctl().  This should never

   // happen, as the compiler and VM threads are always created bound

   DEBUG_ONLY(

       if ((VMThreadHintNoPreempt || CompilerThreadHintNoPreempt) &&

           (!os::Solaris::T2_libthread() && (!(flags & THR_BOUND))) &&

           ((thr_type == vm_thread) || (thr_type == cgc_thread) ||

            (thr_type == pgc_thread) || (thr_type == compiler_thread && BackgroundCompilation))) {

          warning("schedctl behavior undefined when Compiler/VM/GC Threads are Unbound");

       }

   );

   // Mark that we don't have an lwp or thread id yet.

   // In case we attempt to set the priority before the thread starts.

   osthread->set_lwp_id(-1);

   osthread->set_thread_id(-1);

   status = thr_create(NULL, stack_size, java_start, thread, flags, &tid);

   if (status != 0) {

     if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode)) {

       perror("os::create_thread");

     }

     thread->set_osthread(NULL);

     // Need to clean up stuff we've allocated so far

     delete osthread;

     return false;

   }

   Atomic::inc(&os::Solaris::_os_thread_count);

   // Store info on the Solaris thread into the OSThread

   osthread->set_thread_id(tid);

   // Remember that we created this thread so we can set priority on it

   osthread->set_vm_created();

   // Set the default thread priority otherwise use NormalPriority

   if ( UseThreadPriorities ) {

      thr_setprio(tid, (DefaultThreadPriority == -1) ?

                         java_to_os_priority[NormPriority] :

                         DefaultThreadPriority);

   }

   // Initial thread state is INITIALIZED, not SUSPENDED

   osthread->set_state(INITIALIZED);

   // The thread is returned suspended (in state INITIALIZED), and is started higher up in the call chain

   return true;

 }

 /* defined for >= Solaris 10. This allows builds on earlier versions

  *  of Solaris to take advantage of the newly reserved Solaris JVM signals

  *  With SIGJVM1, SIGJVM2, INTERRUPT_SIGNAL is SIGJVM1, ASYNC_SIGNAL is SIGJVM2

  *  and -XX:+UseAltSigs does nothing since these should have no conflict

  */

 #if !defined(SIGJVM1)

 #define SIGJVM1 39

 #define SIGJVM2 40

 #endif

 debug_only(static bool signal_sets_initialized = false);

 static sigset_t unblocked_sigs, vm_sigs, allowdebug_blocked_sigs;

 int os::Solaris::_SIGinterrupt = INTERRUPT_SIGNAL;

 int os::Solaris::_SIGasync = ASYNC_SIGNAL;

 bool os::Solaris::is_sig_ignored(int sig) {

       struct sigaction oact;

       sigaction(sig, (struct sigaction*)NULL, &oact);

       void* ohlr = oact.sa_sigaction ? CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*,  oact.sa_sigaction)

                                      : CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*,  oact.sa_handler);

       if (ohlr == CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, SIG_IGN))

            return true;

       else

            return false;

 }

 // Note: SIGRTMIN is a macro that calls sysconf() so it will

 // dynamically detect SIGRTMIN value for the system at runtime, not buildtime

 static bool isJVM1available() {

   return SIGJVM1 < SIGRTMIN;

 }

 void os::Solaris::signal_sets_init() {

   // Should also have an assertion stating we are still single-threaded.

   assert(!signal_sets_initialized, "Already initialized");

   // Fill in signals that are necessarily unblocked for all threads in

   // the VM. Currently, we unblock the following signals:

   // SHUTDOWN{1,2,3}_SIGNAL: for shutdown hooks support (unless over-ridden

   //                         by -Xrs (=ReduceSignalUsage));

   // BREAK_SIGNAL which is unblocked only by the VM thread and blocked by all

   // other threads. The "ReduceSignalUsage" boolean tells us not to alter

   // the dispositions or masks wrt these signals.

   // Programs embedding the VM that want to use the above signals for their

   // own purposes must, at this time, use the "-Xrs" option to prevent

   // interference with shutdown hooks and BREAK_SIGNAL thread dumping.

   // (See bug 4345157, and other related bugs).

   // In reality, though, unblocking these signals is really a nop, since

   // these signals are not blocked by default.

   sigemptyset(&unblocked_sigs);

   sigemptyset(&allowdebug_blocked_sigs);

   sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SIGILL);

   sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SIGSEGV);

   sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SIGBUS);

   sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SIGFPE);

   if (isJVM1available) {

     os::Solaris::set_SIGinterrupt(SIGJVM1);

     os::Solaris::set_SIGasync(SIGJVM2);

   } else if (UseAltSigs) {

     os::Solaris::set_SIGinterrupt(ALT_INTERRUPT_SIGNAL);

     os::Solaris::set_SIGasync(ALT_ASYNC_SIGNAL);

   } else {

     os::Solaris::set_SIGinterrupt(INTERRUPT_SIGNAL);

     os::Solaris::set_SIGasync(ASYNC_SIGNAL);

   }

   sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, os::Solaris::SIGinterrupt());

   sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, os::Solaris::SIGasync());

   if (!ReduceSignalUsage) {

    if (!os::Solaris::is_sig_ignored(SHUTDOWN1_SIGNAL)) {

       sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN1_SIGNAL);

       sigaddset(&allowdebug_blocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN1_SIGNAL);

    }

    if (!os::Solaris::is_sig_ignored(SHUTDOWN2_SIGNAL)) {

       sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN2_SIGNAL);

       sigaddset(&allowdebug_blocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN2_SIGNAL);

    }

    if (!os::Solaris::is_sig_ignored(SHUTDOWN3_SIGNAL)) {

       sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN3_SIGNAL);

       sigaddset(&allowdebug_blocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN3_SIGNAL);

    }

   }

   // Fill in signals that are blocked by all but the VM thread.

   sigemptyset(&vm_sigs);

   if (!ReduceSignalUsage)

     sigaddset(&vm_sigs, BREAK_SIGNAL);

   debug_only(signal_sets_initialized = true);

   // For diagnostics only used in run_periodic_checks

   sigemptyset(&check_signal_done);

 }

 // These are signals that are unblocked while a thread is running Java.

 // (For some reason, they get blocked by default.)

 sigset_t* os::Solaris::unblocked_signals() {

   assert(signal_sets_initialized, "Not initialized");

   return &unblocked_sigs;

 }

 // These are the signals that are blocked while a (non-VM) thread is

 // running Java. Only the VM thread handles these signals.

 sigset_t* os::Solaris::vm_signals() {

   assert(signal_sets_initialized, "Not initialized");

   return &vm_sigs;

 }

 // These are signals that are blocked during cond_wait to allow debugger in

 sigset_t* os::Solaris::allowdebug_blocked_signals() {

   assert(signal_sets_initialized, "Not initialized");

   return &allowdebug_blocked_sigs;

 }

 void _handle_uncaught_cxx_exception() {

   VMError err("An uncaught C++ exception");

   err.report_and_die();

 }

 // First crack at OS-specific initialization, from inside the new thread.

 void os::initialize_thread() {

   int r = thr_main() ;

   guarantee (r == 0 || r == 1, "CR6501650 or CR6493689") ;

   if (r) {

     JavaThread* jt = (JavaThread *)Thread::current();

     assert(jt != NULL,"Sanity check");

     size_t stack_size;

     address base = jt->stack_base();

     if (Arguments::created_by_java_launcher()) {

       // Use 2MB to allow for Solaris 7 64 bit mode.

       stack_size = JavaThread::stack_size_at_create() == 0

         ? 2048*K : JavaThread::stack_size_at_create();

       // There are rare cases when we may have already used more than

       // the basic stack size allotment before this method is invoked.

       // Attempt to allow for a normally sized java_stack.

       size_t current_stack_offset = (size_t)(base - (address)&stack_size);

       stack_size += ReservedSpace::page_align_size_down(current_stack_offset);

     } else {

       // 6269555: If we were not created by a Java launcher, i.e. if we are

       // running embedded in a native application, treat the primordial thread

       // as much like a native attached thread as possible.  This means using

       // the current stack size from thr_stksegment(), unless it is too large

       // to reliably setup guard pages.  A reasonable max size is 8MB.

       size_t current_size = current_stack_size();

       // This should never happen, but just in case....

       if (current_size == 0) current_size = 2 * K * K;

       stack_size = current_size > (8 * K * K) ? (8 * K * K) : current_size;

     }

     address bottom = (address)align_size_up((intptr_t)(base - stack_size), os::vm_page_size());;

     stack_size = (size_t)(base - bottom);

     assert(stack_size > 0, "Stack size calculation problem");

     if (stack_size > jt->stack_size()) {

       NOT_PRODUCT(

         struct rlimit limits;

         getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &limits);

         size_t size = adjust_stack_size(base, (size_t)limits.rlim_cur);

         assert(size >= jt->stack_size(), "Stack size problem in main thread");

       )

       tty->print_cr(

         "Stack size of %d Kb exceeds current limit of %d Kb.\n"

         "(Stack sizes are rounded up to a multiple of the system page size.)\n"

         "See limit(1) to increase the stack size limit.",

         stack_size / K, jt->stack_size() / K);

       vm_exit(1);

     }

     assert(jt->stack_size() >= stack_size,

           "Attempt to map more stack than was allocated");

     jt->set_stack_size(stack_size);

   }

    // 5/22/01: Right now alternate signal stacks do not handle

    // throwing stack overflow exceptions, see bug 4463178

    // Until a fix is found for this, T2 will NOT imply alternate signal

    // stacks.

    // If using T2 libthread threads, install an alternate signal stack.

    // Because alternate stacks associate with LWPs on Solaris,

    // see sigaltstack(2), if using UNBOUND threads, or if UseBoundThreads

    // we prefer to explicitly stack bang.

    // If not using T2 libthread, but using UseBoundThreads any threads

    // (primordial thread, jni_attachCurrentThread) we do not create,

    // probably are not bound, therefore they can not have an alternate

    // signal stack. Since our stack banging code is generated and

    // is shared across threads, all threads must be bound to allow

    // using alternate signal stacks.  The alternative is to interpose

    // on _lwp_create to associate an alt sig stack with each LWP,

    // and this could be a problem when the JVM is embedded.

    // We would prefer to use alternate signal stacks with T2

    // Since there is currently no accurate way to detect T2

    // we do not. Assuming T2 when running T1 causes sig 11s or assertions

    // on installing alternate signal stacks

    // 05/09/03: removed alternate signal stack support for Solaris

    // The alternate signal stack mechanism is no longer needed to

    // handle stack overflow. This is now handled by allocating

    // guard pages (red zone) and stackbanging.

    // Initially the alternate signal stack mechanism was removed because

    // it did not work with T1 llibthread. Alternate

    // signal stacks MUST have all threads bound to lwps. Applications

    // can create their own threads and attach them without their being

    // bound under T1. This is frequently the case for the primordial thread.

    // If we were ever to reenable this mechanism we would need to

    // use the dynamic check for T2 libthread.

   os::Solaris::init_thread_fpu_state();

   std::set_terminate(_handle_uncaught_cxx_exception);

 }

 // Free Solaris resources related to the OSThread

 void os::free_thread(OSThread* osthread) {

   assert(osthread != NULL, "os::free_thread but osthread not set");

   // We are told to free resources of the argument thread,

   // but we can only really operate on the current thread.

   // The main thread must take the VMThread down synchronously

   // before the main thread exits and frees up CodeHeap

   guarantee((Thread::current()->osthread() == osthread

      || (osthread == VMThread::vm_thread()->osthread())), "os::free_thread but not current thread");

   if (Thread::current()->osthread() == osthread) {

     // Restore caller's signal mask

     sigset_t sigmask = osthread->caller_sigmask();

     thr_sigsetmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sigmask, NULL);

   }

   delete osthread;

 }

 void os::pd_start_thread(Thread* thread) {

   int status = thr_continue(thread->osthread()->thread_id());

   assert_status(status == 0, status, "thr_continue failed");

 }

 intx os::current_thread_id() {

   return (intx)thr_self();

 }

 static pid_t _initial_pid = 0;

 int os::current_process_id() {

   return (int)(_initial_pid ? _initial_pid : getpid());

 }

 int os::allocate_thread_local_storage() {

   // %%%       in Win32 this allocates a memory segment pointed to by a

   //           register.  Dan Stein can implement a similar feature in

   //           Solaris.  Alternatively, the VM can do the same thing

   //           explicitly: malloc some storage and keep the pointer in a

   //           register (which is part of the thread's context) (or keep it

   //           in TLS).

   // %%%       In current versions of Solaris, thr_self and TSD can

   //           be accessed via short sequences of displaced indirections.

   //           The value of thr_self is available as %g7(36).

   //           The value of thr_getspecific(k) is stored in %g7(12)(4)(k*4-4),

   //           assuming that the current thread already has a value bound to k.

   //           It may be worth experimenting with such access patterns,

   //           and later having the parameters formally exported from a Solaris

   //           interface.  I think, however, that it will be faster to

   //           maintain the invariant that %g2 always contains the

   //           JavaThread in Java code, and have stubs simply

   //           treat %g2 as a caller-save register, preserving it in a %lN.

   thread_key_t tk;

   if (thr_keycreate( &tk, NULL ) )

     fatal(err_msg("os::allocate_thread_local_storage: thr_keycreate failed "

                   "(%s)", strerror(errno)));

   return int(tk);

 }

 void os::free_thread_local_storage(int index) {

   // %%% don't think we need anything here

   // if ( pthread_key_delete((pthread_key_t) tk) )

   //   fatal("os::free_thread_local_storage: pthread_key_delete failed");

 }

 #define SMALLINT 32   // libthread allocate for tsd_common is a version specific

                       // small number - point is NO swap space available

 void os::thread_local_storage_at_put(int index, void* value) {

   // %%% this is used only in threadLocalStorage.cpp

   if (thr_setspecific((thread_key_t)index, value)) {

     if (errno == ENOMEM) {

        vm_exit_out_of_memory(SMALLINT, "thr_setspecific: out of swap space");

     } else {

       fatal(err_msg("os::thread_local_storage_at_put: thr_setspecific failed "

                     "(%s)", strerror(errno)));

     }

   } else {

       ThreadLocalStorage::set_thread_in_slot ((Thread *) value) ;

   }

 }

 // This function could be called before TLS is initialized, for example, when

 // VM receives an async signal or when VM causes a fatal error during

 // initialization. Return NULL if thr_getspecific() fails.

 void* os::thread_local_storage_at(int index) {

   // %%% this is used only in threadLocalStorage.cpp

   void* r = NULL;

   return thr_getspecific((thread_key_t)index, &r) != 0 ? NULL : r;

 }

 // gethrtime can move backwards if read from one cpu and then a different cpu

 // getTimeNanos is guaranteed to not move backward on Solaris

 // local spinloop created as faster for a CAS on an int than

 // a CAS on a 64bit jlong. Also Atomic::cmpxchg for jlong is not

 // supported on sparc v8 or pre supports_cx8 intel boxes.

 // oldgetTimeNanos for systems which do not support CAS on 64bit jlong

 // i.e. sparc v8 and pre supports_cx8 (i486) intel boxes

 inline hrtime_t oldgetTimeNanos() {

   int gotlock = LOCK_INVALID;

   hrtime_t newtime = gethrtime();

   for (;;) {

 // grab lock for max_hrtime

     int curlock = max_hrtime_lock;

     if (curlock & LOCK_BUSY)  continue;

     if (gotlock = Atomic::cmpxchg(LOCK_BUSY, &max_hrtime_lock, LOCK_FREE) != LOCK_FREE) continue;

     if (newtime > max_hrtime) {

       max_hrtime = newtime;

     } else {

       newtime = max_hrtime;

     }

     // release lock

     max_hrtime_lock = LOCK_FREE;

     return newtime;

   }

 }

 // gethrtime can move backwards if read from one cpu and then a different cpu

 // getTimeNanos is guaranteed to not move backward on Solaris

 inline hrtime_t getTimeNanos() {

   if (VM_Version::supports_cx8()) {

     const hrtime_t now = gethrtime();

     // Use atomic long load since 32-bit x86 uses 2 registers to keep long.

     const hrtime_t prev = Atomic::load((volatile jlong*)&max_hrtime);

     if (now <= prev)  return prev;   // same or retrograde time;

     const hrtime_t obsv = Atomic::cmpxchg(now, (volatile jlong*)&max_hrtime, prev);

     assert(obsv >= prev, "invariant");   // Monotonicity

     // If the CAS succeeded then we're done and return "now".

     // If the CAS failed and the observed value "obs" is >= now then

     // we should return "obs".  If the CAS failed and now > obs > prv then

     // some other thread raced this thread and installed a new value, in which case

     // we could either (a) retry the entire operation, (b) retry trying to install now

     // or (c) just return obs.  We use (c).   No loop is required although in some cases

     // we might discard a higher "now" value in deference to a slightly lower but freshly

     // installed obs value.   That's entirely benign -- it admits no new orderings compared

     // to (a) or (b) -- and greatly reduces coherence traffic.

     // We might also condition (c) on the magnitude of the delta between obs and now.

     // Avoiding excessive CAS operations to hot RW locations is critical.

     // See http://blogs.sun.com/dave/entry/cas_and_cache_trivia_invalidate

     return (prev == obsv) ? now : obsv ;

   } else {

     return oldgetTimeNanos();

   }

 }

 // Time since start-up in seconds to a fine granularity.

 // Used by VMSelfDestructTimer and the MemProfiler.

 double os::elapsedTime() {

   return (double)(getTimeNanos() - first_hrtime) / (double)hrtime_hz;

 }

 jlong os::elapsed_counter() {

   return (jlong)(getTimeNanos() - first_hrtime);

 }

 jlong os::elapsed_frequency() {

    return hrtime_hz;

 }

 // Return the real, user, and system times in seconds from an

 // arbitrary fixed point in the past.

 bool os::getTimesSecs(double* process_real_time,

                   double* process_user_time,

                   double* process_system_time) {

   struct tms ticks;

   clock_t real_ticks = times(&ticks);

   if (real_ticks == (clock_t) (-1)) {

     return false;

   } else {

     double ticks_per_second = (double) clock_tics_per_sec;

     *process_user_time = ((double) ticks.tms_utime) / ticks_per_second;

     *process_system_time = ((double) ticks.tms_stime) / ticks_per_second;

     // For consistency return the real time from getTimeNanos()

     // converted to seconds.

     *process_real_time = ((double) getTimeNanos()) / ((double) NANOUNITS);

     return true;

   }

 }

 bool os::supports_vtime() { return true; }

 bool os::enable_vtime() {

   int fd = ::open("/proc/self/ctl", O_WRONLY);

   if (fd == -1)

     return false;

   long cmd[] = { PCSET, PR_MSACCT };

   int res = ::write(fd, cmd, sizeof(long) * 2);

   ::close(fd);

   if (res != sizeof(long) * 2)

     return false;

   return true;

 }

 bool os::vtime_enabled() {

   int fd = ::open("/proc/self/status", O_RDONLY);

   if (fd == -1)

     return false;

   pstatus_t status;

   int res = os::read(fd, (void*) &status, sizeof(pstatus_t));

   ::close(fd);

   if (res != sizeof(pstatus_t))

     return false;

   return status.pr_flags & PR_MSACCT;

 }

 double os::elapsedVTime() {

   return (double)gethrvtime() / (double)hrtime_hz;

 }

 // Used internally for comparisons only

 // getTimeMillis guaranteed to not move backwards on Solaris

 jlong getTimeMillis() {

   jlong nanotime = getTimeNanos();

   return (jlong)(nanotime / NANOSECS_PER_MILLISEC);

 }

 // Must return millis since Jan 1 1970 for JVM_CurrentTimeMillis

 jlong os::javaTimeMillis() {

   timeval t;

   if (gettimeofday( &t, NULL) == -1)

     fatal(err_msg("os::javaTimeMillis: gettimeofday (%s)", strerror(errno)));

   return jlong(t.tv_sec) * 1000  +  jlong(t.tv_usec) / 1000;

 }

 jlong os::javaTimeNanos() {

   return (jlong)getTimeNanos();

 }

 void os::javaTimeNanos_info(jvmtiTimerInfo *info_ptr) {

   info_ptr->max_value = ALL_64_BITS;      // gethrtime() uses all 64 bits

   info_ptr->may_skip_backward = false;    // not subject to resetting or drifting

   info_ptr->may_skip_forward = false;     // not subject to resetting or drifting

   info_ptr->kind = JVMTI_TIMER_ELAPSED;   // elapsed not CPU time

 }

 char * os::local_time_string(char *buf, size_t buflen) {

   struct tm t;

   time_t long_time;

   time(&long_time);

   localtime_r(&long_time, &t);

   jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",

                t.tm_year + 1900, t.tm_mon + 1, t.tm_mday,

                t.tm_hour, t.tm_min, t.tm_sec);

   return buf;

 }

 // Note: os::shutdown() might be called very early during initialization, or

 // called from signal handler. Before adding something to os::shutdown(), make

 // sure it is async-safe and can handle partially initialized VM.

 void os::shutdown() {

   // allow PerfMemory to attempt cleanup of any persistent resources

   perfMemory_exit();

   // needs to remove object in file system

   AttachListener::abort();

   // flush buffered output, finish log files

   ostream_abort();

   // Check for abort hook

   abort_hook_t abort_hook = Arguments::abort_hook();

   if (abort_hook != NULL) {

     abort_hook();

   }

 }

 // Note: os::abort() might be called very early during initialization, or

 // called from signal handler. Before adding something to os::abort(), make

 // sure it is async-safe and can handle partially initialized VM.

 void os::abort(bool dump_core) {

   os::shutdown();

   if (dump_core) {

 #ifndef PRODUCT

     fdStream out(defaultStream::output_fd());

     out.print_raw("Current thread is ");

     char buf[16];

     jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), UINTX_FORMAT, os::current_thread_id());

     out.print_raw_cr(buf);

     out.print_raw_cr("Dumping core ...");

 #endif

     ::abort(); // dump core (for debugging)

   }

   ::exit(1);

 }

 // Die immediately, no exit hook, no abort hook, no cleanup.

 void os::die() {

   _exit(-1);

 }

 // unused

 void os::set_error_file(const char *logfile) {}

 // DLL functions

 const char* os::dll_file_extension() { return ".so"; }

 // This must be hard coded because it's the system's temporary

 // directory not the java application's temp directory, ala java.io.tmpdir.

 const char* os::get_temp_directory() { return "/tmp"; }

 static bool file_exists(const char* filename) {

   struct stat statbuf;

   if (filename == NULL || strlen(filename) == 0) {

     return false;

   }

   return os::stat(filename, &statbuf) == 0;

 }

 void os::dll_build_name(char* buffer, size_t buflen,

                         const char* pname, const char* fname) {

   const size_t pnamelen = pname ? strlen(pname) : 0;

   // Quietly truncate on buffer overflow.  Should be an error.

   if (pnamelen + strlen(fname) + 10 > (size_t) buflen) {

     *buffer = '\0';

     return;

   }

   if (pnamelen == 0) {

     snprintf(buffer, buflen, "lib%s.so", fname);

   } else if (strchr(pname, *os::path_separator()) != NULL) {

     int n;

     char** pelements = split_path(pname, &n);

     for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {

       // really shouldn't be NULL but what the heck, check can't hurt

       if (pelements[i] == NULL || strlen(pelements[i]) == 0) {

         continue; // skip the empty path values

       }

       snprintf(buffer, buflen, "%s/lib%s.so", pelements[i], fname);

       if (file_exists(buffer)) {

         break;

       }

     }

     // release the storage

     for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {

       if (pelements[i] != NULL) {

         FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, pelements[i]);

       }

     }

     if (pelements != NULL) {

       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, pelements);

     }

   } else {

     snprintf(buffer, buflen, "%s/lib%s.so", pname, fname);

   }

 }

 const char* os::get_current_directory(char *buf, int buflen) {

   return getcwd(buf, buflen);

 }

 // check if addr is inside libjvm[_g].so

 bool os::address_is_in_vm(address addr) {

   static address libjvm_base_addr;

   Dl_info dlinfo;

   if (libjvm_base_addr == NULL) {

     dladdr(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void *, os::address_is_in_vm), &dlinfo);

     libjvm_base_addr = (address)dlinfo.dli_fbase;

     assert(libjvm_base_addr !=NULL, "Cannot obtain base address for libjvm");

   }

   if (dladdr((void *)addr, &dlinfo)) {

     if (libjvm_base_addr == (address)dlinfo.dli_fbase) return true;

   }

   return false;

 }

 typedef int (*dladdr1_func_type) (void *, Dl_info *, void **, int);

 static dladdr1_func_type dladdr1_func = NULL;

 bool os::dll_address_to_function_name(address addr, char *buf,

                                       int buflen, int * offset) {

   Dl_info dlinfo;

   // dladdr1_func was initialized in os::init()

   if (dladdr1_func){

       // yes, we have dladdr1

       // Support for dladdr1 is checked at runtime; it may be

       // available even if the vm is built on a machine that does

       // not have dladdr1 support.  Make sure there is a value for

       // RTLD_DL_SYMENT.

       #ifndef RTLD_DL_SYMENT

       #define RTLD_DL_SYMENT 1

       #endif

 #ifdef _LP64

       Elf64_Sym * info;

 #else

       Elf32_Sym * info;

 #endif

       if (dladdr1_func((void *)addr, &dlinfo, (void **)&info,

                        RTLD_DL_SYMENT)) {

         if ((char *)dlinfo.dli_saddr + info->st_size > (char *)addr) {

           if (buf != NULL) {

             if (!Decoder::demangle(dlinfo.dli_sname, buf, buflen))

               jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s", dlinfo.dli_sname);

             }

             if (offset != NULL) *offset = addr - (address)dlinfo.dli_saddr;

             return true;

         }

       }

       if (dlinfo.dli_fname != NULL && dlinfo.dli_fbase != 0) {

         if (Decoder::decode((address)(addr - (address)dlinfo.dli_fbase),

            buf, buflen, offset, dlinfo.dli_fname)) {

           return true;

         }

       }

       if (buf != NULL) buf[0] = '\0';

       if (offset != NULL) *offset  = -1;

       return false;

   } else {

       // no, only dladdr is available

       if (dladdr((void *)addr, &dlinfo)) {

         if (buf != NULL) {

           if (!Decoder::demangle(dlinfo.dli_sname, buf, buflen))

             jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, dlinfo.dli_sname);

         }

         if (offset != NULL) *offset = addr - (address)dlinfo.dli_saddr;

         return true;

       } else if (dlinfo.dli_fname != NULL && dlinfo.dli_fbase != 0) {

         if (Decoder::decode((address)(addr - (address)dlinfo.dli_fbase),

           buf, buflen, offset, dlinfo.dli_fname)) {

           return true;

         }

       }

       if (buf != NULL) buf[0] = '\0';

       if (offset != NULL) *offset  = -1;

       return false;

   }

 }

 bool os::dll_address_to_library_name(address addr, char* buf,

                                      int buflen, int* offset) {

   Dl_info dlinfo;

   if (dladdr((void*)addr, &dlinfo)){

      if (buf) jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s", dlinfo.dli_fname);

      if (offset) *offset = addr - (address)dlinfo.dli_fbase;

      return true;

   } else {

      if (buf) buf[0] = '\0';

      if (offset) *offset = -1;

      return false;

   }

 }

 // Prints the names and full paths of all opened dynamic libraries

 // for current process

 void os::print_dll_info(outputStream * st) {

     Dl_info dli;

     void *handle;

     Link_map *map;

     Link_map *p;

     st->print_cr("Dynamic libraries:"); st->flush();

     if (!dladdr(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void *, os::print_dll_info), &dli)) {

         st->print_cr("Error: Cannot print dynamic libraries.");

         return;

     }

     handle = dlopen(dli.dli_fname, RTLD_LAZY);

     if (handle == NULL) {

         st->print_cr("Error: Cannot print dynamic libraries.");

         return;

     }

     dlinfo(handle, RTLD_DI_LINKMAP, &map);

     if (map == NULL) {

         st->print_cr("Error: Cannot print dynamic libraries.");

         return;

     }

     while (map->l_prev != NULL)

         map = map->l_prev;

     while (map != NULL) {

         st->print_cr(PTR_FORMAT " \t%s", map->l_addr, map->l_name);

         map = map->l_next;

     }

     dlclose(handle);

 }

   // Loads .dll/.so and

   // in case of error it checks if .dll/.so was built for the

   // same architecture as Hotspot is running on

 void * os::dll_load(const char *filename, char *ebuf, int ebuflen)

 {

   void * result= ::dlopen(filename, RTLD_LAZY);

   if (result != NULL) {

     // Successful loading

     return result;

   }

   Elf32_Ehdr elf_head;

   // Read system error message into ebuf

   // It may or may not be overwritten below

   ::strncpy(ebuf, ::dlerror(), ebuflen-1);

   ebuf[ebuflen-1]='\0';

   int diag_msg_max_length=ebuflen-strlen(ebuf);

   char* diag_msg_buf=ebuf+strlen(ebuf);

   if (diag_msg_max_length==0) {

     // No more space in ebuf for additional diagnostics message

     return NULL;

   }

   int file_descriptor= ::open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);

   if (file_descriptor < 0) {

     // Can't open library, report dlerror() message

     return NULL;

   }

   bool failed_to_read_elf_head=

     (sizeof(elf_head)!=

         (::read(file_descriptor, &elf_head,sizeof(elf_head)))) ;

   ::close(file_descriptor);

   if (failed_to_read_elf_head) {

     // file i/o error - report dlerror() msg

     return NULL;

   }

   typedef struct {

     Elf32_Half  code;         // Actual value as defined in elf.h

     Elf32_Half  compat_class; // Compatibility of archs at VM's sense

     char        elf_class;    // 32 or 64 bit

     char        endianess;    // MSB or LSB

     char*       name;         // String representation

   } arch_t;

   static const arch_t arch_array[]={

     {EM_386,         EM_386,     ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"IA 32"},

     {EM_486,         EM_386,     ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"IA 32"},

     {EM_IA_64,       EM_IA_64,   ELFCLASS64, ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"IA 64"},

     {EM_X86_64,      EM_X86_64,  ELFCLASS64, ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"AMD 64"},

     {EM_SPARC,       EM_SPARC,   ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"Sparc 32"},

     {EM_SPARC32PLUS, EM_SPARC,   ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"Sparc 32"},

     {EM_SPARCV9,     EM_SPARCV9, ELFCLASS64, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"Sparc v9 64"},

     {EM_PPC,         EM_PPC,     ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"Power PC 32"},

     {EM_PPC64,       EM_PPC64,   ELFCLASS64, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"Power PC 64"},

     {EM_ARM,         EM_ARM,     ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"ARM 32"}

   };

   #if  (defined IA32)

     static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_386;

   #elif   (defined AMD64)

     static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_X86_64;

   #elif  (defined IA64)

     static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_IA_64;

   #elif  (defined __sparc) && (defined _LP64)

     static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_SPARCV9;

   #elif  (defined __sparc) && (!defined _LP64)

     static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_SPARC;

   #elif  (defined __powerpc64__)

     static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_PPC64;

   #elif  (defined __powerpc__)

     static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_PPC;

   #elif (defined ARM)

     static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_ARM;

   #else

     #error Method os::dll_load requires that one of following is defined:\

          IA32, AMD64, IA64, __sparc, __powerpc__, ARM, ARM

   #endif

   // Identify compatability class for VM's architecture and library's architecture

   // Obtain string descriptions for architectures

   arch_t lib_arch={elf_head.e_machine,0,elf_head.e_ident[EI_CLASS], elf_head.e_ident[EI_DATA], NULL};

   int running_arch_index=-1;

   for (unsigned int i=0 ; i < ARRAY_SIZE(arch_array) ; i++ ) {

     if (running_arch_code == arch_array[i].code) {

       running_arch_index    = i;

     }

     if (lib_arch.code == arch_array[i].code) {

       lib_arch.compat_class = arch_array[i].compat_class;

       lib_arch.name         = arch_array[i].name;

     }

   }

   assert(running_arch_index != -1,

     "Didn't find running architecture code (running_arch_code) in arch_array");

   if (running_arch_index == -1) {

     // Even though running architecture detection failed

     // we may still continue with reporting dlerror() message

     return NULL;

   }

   if (lib_arch.endianess != arch_array[running_arch_index].endianess) {

     ::snprintf(diag_msg_buf, diag_msg_max_length-1," (Possible cause: endianness mismatch)");

     return NULL;

   }

   if (lib_arch.elf_class != arch_array[running_arch_index].elf_class) {

     ::snprintf(diag_msg_buf, diag_msg_max_length-1," (Possible cause: architecture word width mismatch)");

     return NULL;

   }

   if (lib_arch.compat_class != arch_array[running_arch_index].compat_class) {

     if ( lib_arch.name!=NULL ) {

       ::snprintf(diag_msg_buf, diag_msg_max_length-1,

         " (Possible cause: can't load %s-bit .so on a %s-bit platform)",

         lib_arch.name, arch_array[running_arch_index].name);

     } else {

       ::snprintf(diag_msg_buf, diag_msg_max_length-1,

       " (Possible cause: can't load this .so (machine code=0x%x) on a %s-bit platform)",

         lib_arch.code,

         arch_array[running_arch_index].name);

     }

   }

   return NULL;

 }

 void* os::dll_lookup(void* handle, const char* name) {

   return dlsym(handle, name);

 }

 int os::stat(const char *path, struct stat *sbuf) {

   char pathbuf[MAX_PATH];

   if (strlen(path) > MAX_PATH - 1) {

     errno = ENAMETOOLONG;

     return -1;

   }

   os::native_path(strcpy(pathbuf, path));

   return ::stat(pathbuf, sbuf);

 }

 static bool _print_ascii_file(const char* filename, outputStream* st) {

   int fd = ::open(filename, O_RDONLY);

   if (fd == -1) {

      return false;

   }

   char buf[32];

   int bytes;

   while ((bytes = ::read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {

     st->print_raw(buf, bytes);

   }

   ::close(fd);

   return true;

 }

 void os::print_os_info(outputStream* st) {

   st->print("OS:");

   if (!_print_ascii_file("/etc/release", st)) {

     st->print("Solaris");

   }

   st->cr();

   // kernel

   st->print("uname:");

   struct utsname name;

   uname(&name);

   st->print(name.sysname); st->print(" ");

   st->print(name.release); st->print(" ");

   st->print(name.version); st->print(" ");

   st->print(name.machine);

   // libthread

   if (os::Solaris::T2_libthread()) st->print("  (T2 libthread)");

   else st->print("  (T1 libthread)");

   st->cr();

   // rlimit

   st->print("rlimit:");

   struct rlimit rlim;

   st->print(" STACK ");

   getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim);

   if (rlim.rlim_cur == RLIM_INFINITY) st->print("infinity");

   else st->print("%uk", rlim.rlim_cur >> 10);

   st->print(", CORE ");

   getrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim);

   if (rlim.rlim_cur == RLIM_INFINITY) st->print("infinity");

   else st->print("%uk", rlim.rlim_cur >> 10);

   st->print(", NOFILE ");

   getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim);

   if (rlim.rlim_cur == RLIM_INFINITY) st->print("infinity");

   else st->print("%d", rlim.rlim_cur);

   st->print(", AS ");

   getrlimit(RLIMIT_AS, &rlim);

   if (rlim.rlim_cur == RLIM_INFINITY) st->print("infinity");

   else st->print("%uk", rlim.rlim_cur >> 10);

   st->cr();

   // load average

   st->print("load average:");

   double loadavg[3];

   os::loadavg(loadavg, 3);

   st->print("%0.02f %0.02f %0.02f", loadavg[0], loadavg[1], loadavg[2]);

   st->cr();

 }

 static bool check_addr0(outputStream* st) {

   jboolean status = false;

   int fd = ::open("/proc/self/map",O_RDONLY);

   if (fd >= 0) {

     prmap_t p;

     while(::read(fd, &p, sizeof(p)) > 0) {

       if (p.pr_vaddr == 0x0) {

         st->print("Warning: Address: 0x%x, Size: %dK, ",p.pr_vaddr, p.pr_size/1024, p.pr_mapname);

         st->print("Mapped file: %s, ", p.pr_mapname[0] == '\0' ? "None" : p.pr_mapname);

         st->print("Access:");

         st->print("%s",(p.pr_mflags & MA_READ)  ? "r" : "-");

         st->print("%s",(p.pr_mflags & MA_WRITE) ? "w" : "-");

         st->print("%s",(p.pr_mflags & MA_EXEC)  ? "x" : "-");

         st->cr();

         status = true;

       }

       ::close(fd);

     }

   }

   return status;

 }

 void os::pd_print_cpu_info(outputStream* st) {

   // Nothing to do for now.

 }

 void os::print_memory_info(outputStream* st) {

   st->print("Memory:");

   st->print(" %dk page", os::vm_page_size()>>10);

   st->print(", physical " UINT64_FORMAT "k", os::physical_memory()>>10);

   st->print("(" UINT64_FORMAT "k free)", os::available_memory() >> 10);

   st->cr();

   (void) check_addr0(st);

 }

 // Taken from /usr/include/sys/machsig.h  Supposed to be architecture specific

 // but they're the same for all the solaris architectures that we support.

 const char *ill_names[] = { "ILL0", "ILL_ILLOPC", "ILL_ILLOPN", "ILL_ILLADR",

                           "ILL_ILLTRP", "ILL_PRVOPC", "ILL_PRVREG",

                           "ILL_COPROC", "ILL_BADSTK" };

 const char *fpe_names[] = { "FPE0", "FPE_INTDIV", "FPE_INTOVF", "FPE_FLTDIV",

                           "FPE_FLTOVF", "FPE_FLTUND", "FPE_FLTRES",

                           "FPE_FLTINV", "FPE_FLTSUB" };

 const char *segv_names[] = { "SEGV0", "SEGV_MAPERR", "SEGV_ACCERR" };

 const char *bus_names[] = { "BUS0", "BUS_ADRALN", "BUS_ADRERR", "BUS_OBJERR" };

 void os::print_siginfo(outputStream* st, void* siginfo) {

   st->print("siginfo:");

   const int buflen = 100;

   char buf[buflen];

   siginfo_t *si = (siginfo_t*)siginfo;

   st->print("si_signo=%s: ", os::exception_name(si->si_signo, buf, buflen));

   char *err = strerror(si->si_errno);

   if (si->si_errno != 0 && err != NULL) {

     st->print("si_errno=%s", err);

   } else {

     st->print("si_errno=%d", si->si_errno);

   }

   const int c = si->si_code;

   assert(c > 0, "unexpected si_code");

   switch (si->si_signo) {

   case SIGILL:

     st->print(", si_code=%d (%s)", c, c > 8 ? "" : ill_names[c]);

     st->print(", si_addr=" PTR_FORMAT, si->si_addr);

     break;

   case SIGFPE:

     st->print(", si_code=%d (%s)", c, c > 9 ? "" : fpe_names[c]);

     st->print(", si_addr=" PTR_FORMAT, si->si_addr);

     break;

   case SIGSEGV:

     st->print(", si_code=%d (%s)", c, c > 2 ? "" : segv_names[c]);

     st->print(", si_addr=" PTR_FORMAT, si->si_addr);

     break;

   case SIGBUS:

     st->print(", si_code=%d (%s)", c, c > 3 ? "" : bus_names[c]);

     st->print(", si_addr=" PTR_FORMAT, si->si_addr);

     break;

   default:

     st->print(", si_code=%d", si->si_code);

     // no si_addr

   }

   if ((si->si_signo == SIGBUS || si->si_signo == SIGSEGV) &&

       UseSharedSpaces) {

     FileMapInfo* mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();

     if (mapinfo->is_in_shared_space(si->si_addr)) {

       st->print("\n\nError accessing class data sharing archive."   \

                 " Mapped file inaccessible during execution, "      \

                 " possible disk/network problem.");

     }

   }

   st->cr();

 }

 // Moved from whole group, because we need them here for diagnostic

 // prints.

 #define OLDMAXSIGNUM 32

 static int Maxsignum = 0;

 static int *ourSigFlags = NULL;

 extern "C" void sigINTRHandler(int, siginfo_t*, void*);

 int os::Solaris::get_our_sigflags(int sig) {

   assert(ourSigFlags!=NULL, "signal data structure not initialized");

   assert(sig > 0 && sig < Maxsignum, "vm signal out of expected range");

   return ourSigFlags[sig];

 }

 void os::Solaris::set_our_sigflags(int sig, int flags) {

   assert(ourSigFlags!=NULL, "signal data structure not initialized");

   assert(sig > 0 && sig < Maxsignum, "vm signal out of expected range");

   ourSigFlags[sig] = flags;

 }

 static const char* get_signal_handler_name(address handler,

                                            char* buf, int buflen) {

   int offset;

   bool found = os::dll_address_to_library_name(handler, buf, buflen, &offset);

   if (found) {

     // skip directory names

     const char *p1, *p2;

     p1 = buf;

     size_t len = strlen(os::file_separator());

     while ((p2 = strstr(p1, os::file_separator())) != NULL) p1 = p2 + len;

     jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s+0x%x", p1, offset);

   } else {

     jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, PTR_FORMAT, handler);

   }

   return buf;

 }

 static void print_signal_handler(outputStream* st, int sig,

                                   char* buf, size_t buflen) {

   struct sigaction sa;

   sigaction(sig, NULL, &sa);

   st->print("%s: ", os::exception_name(sig, buf, buflen));

   address handler = (sa.sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO)

                   ? CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, sa.sa_sigaction)

                   : CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, sa.sa_handler);

   if (handler == CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SIG_DFL)) {

     st->print("SIG_DFL");

   } else if (handler == CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SIG_IGN)) {

     st->print("SIG_IGN");

   } else {

     st->print("[%s]", get_signal_handler_name(handler, buf, buflen));

   }

   st->print(", sa_mask[0]=" PTR32_FORMAT, *(uint32_t*)&sa.sa_mask);

   address rh = VMError::get_resetted_sighandler(sig);

   // May be, handler was resetted by VMError?

   if(rh != NULL) {

     handler = rh;

     sa.sa_flags = VMError::get_resetted_sigflags(sig);

   }

   st->print(", sa_flags="   PTR32_FORMAT, sa.sa_flags);

   // Check: is it our handler?

   if(handler == CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, signalHandler) ||

      handler == CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, sigINTRHandler)) {

     // It is our signal handler

     // check for flags

     if(sa.sa_flags != os::Solaris::get_our_sigflags(sig)) {

       st->print(

         ", flags was changed from " PTR32_FORMAT ", consider using jsig library",

         os::Solaris::get_our_sigflags(sig));

     }

   }

   st->cr();

 }

 void os::print_signal_handlers(outputStream* st, char* buf, size_t buflen) {

   st->print_cr("Signal Handlers:");

   print_signal_handler(st, SIGSEGV, buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, SIGBUS , buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, SIGFPE , buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, SIGPIPE, buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, SIGXFSZ, buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, SIGILL , buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, INTERRUPT_SIGNAL, buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, ASYNC_SIGNAL, buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, BREAK_SIGNAL, buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, SHUTDOWN1_SIGNAL , buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, SHUTDOWN2_SIGNAL , buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, SHUTDOWN3_SIGNAL, buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, os::Solaris::SIGinterrupt(), buf, buflen);

   print_signal_handler(st, os::Solaris::SIGasync(), buf, buflen);

 }

 static char saved_jvm_path[MAXPATHLEN] = { 0 };

 // Find the full path to the current module, libjvm.so or libjvm_g.so

 void os::jvm_path(char *buf, jint buflen) {

   // Error checking.

   if (buflen < MAXPATHLEN) {

     assert(false, "must use a large-enough buffer");

     buf[0] = '\0';

     return;

   }

   // Lazy resolve the path to current module.

   if (saved_jvm_path[0] != 0) {

     strcpy(buf, saved_jvm_path);

     return;

   }

   Dl_info dlinfo;

   int ret = dladdr(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void *, os::jvm_path), &dlinfo);

   assert(ret != 0, "cannot locate libjvm");

   realpath((char *)dlinfo.dli_fname, buf);

   if (Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher()) {

     // Support for the gamma launcher.  Typical value for buf is

     // "<JAVA_HOME>/jre/lib/<arch>/<vmtype>/libjvm.so".  If "/jre/lib/" appears at

     // the right place in the string, then assume we are installed in a JDK and

     // we're done.  Otherwise, check for a JAVA_HOME environment variable and fix

     // up the path so it looks like libjvm.so is installed there (append a

     // fake suffix hotspot/libjvm.so).

     const char *p = buf + strlen(buf) - 1;

     for (int count = 0; p > buf && count < 5; ++count) {

       for (--p; p > buf && *p != '/'; --p)

         /* empty */ ;

     }

     if (strncmp(p, "/jre/lib/", 9) != 0) {

       // Look for JAVA_HOME in the environment.

       char* java_home_var = ::getenv("JAVA_HOME");

       if (java_home_var != NULL && java_home_var[0] != 0) {

         char cpu_arch[12];

         char* jrelib_p;

         int   len;

         sysinfo(SI_ARCHITECTURE, cpu_arch, sizeof(cpu_arch));

 #ifdef _LP64

         // If we are on sparc running a 64-bit vm, look in jre/lib/sparcv9.

         if (strcmp(cpu_arch, "sparc") == 0) {

           strcat(cpu_arch, "v9");

         } else if (strcmp(cpu_arch, "i386") == 0) {

           strcpy(cpu_arch, "amd64");

         }

 #endif

         // Check the current module name "libjvm.so" or "libjvm_g.so".

         p = strrchr(buf, '/');

         assert(strstr(p, "/libjvm") == p, "invalid library name");

         p = strstr(p, "_g") ? "_g" : "";

         realpath(java_home_var, buf);

         // determine if this is a legacy image or modules image

         // modules image doesn't have "jre" subdirectory

         len = strlen(buf);

         jrelib_p = buf + len;

         snprintf(jrelib_p, buflen-len, "/jre/lib/%s", cpu_arch);

         if (0 != access(buf, F_OK)) {

           snprintf(jrelib_p, buflen-len, "/lib/%s", cpu_arch);

         }

         if (0 == access(buf, F_OK)) {

           // Use current module name "libjvm[_g].so" instead of

           // "libjvm"debug_only("_g")".so" since for fastdebug version

           // we should have "libjvm.so" but debug_only("_g") adds "_g"!

           len = strlen(buf);

           snprintf(buf + len, buflen-len, "/hotspot/libjvm%s.so", p);

         } else {

           // Go back to path of .so

           realpath((char *)dlinfo.dli_fname, buf);

         }

       }

     }

   }

   strcpy(saved_jvm_path, buf);

 }

 void os::print_jni_name_prefix_on(outputStream* st, int args_size) {

   // no prefix required, not even "_"

 }

 void os::print_jni_name_suffix_on(outputStream* st, int args_size) {

   // no suffix required

 }

 // This method is a copy of JDK's sysGetLastErrorString

 // from src/solaris/hpi/src/system_md.c

 size_t os::lasterror(char *buf, size_t len) {

   if (errno == 0)  return 0;

   const char *s = ::strerror(errno);

   size_t n = ::strlen(s);

   if (n >= len) {

     n = len - 1;

   }

   ::strncpy(buf, s, n);

   buf[n] = '\0';

   return n;

 }

 // sun.misc.Signal

 extern "C" {

   static void UserHandler(int sig, void *siginfo, void *context) {

     // Ctrl-C is pressed during error reporting, likely because the error

     // handler fails to abort. Let VM die immediately.

     if (sig == SIGINT && is_error_reported()) {

        os::die();

     }

     os::signal_notify(sig);

     // We do not need to reinstate the signal handler each time...

   }

 }

 void* os::user_handler() {

   return CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, UserHandler);

 }

 extern "C" {

   typedef void (*sa_handler_t)(int);

   typedef void (*sa_sigaction_t)(int, siginfo_t *, void *);

 }

 void* os::signal(int signal_number, void* handler) {

   struct sigaction sigAct, oldSigAct;

   sigfillset(&(sigAct.sa_mask));

   sigAct.sa_flags = SA_RESTART & ~SA_RESETHAND;

   sigAct.sa_handler = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(sa_handler_t, handler);

   if (sigaction(signal_number, &sigAct, &oldSigAct))

     // -1 means registration failed

     return (void *)-1;