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 /*

  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

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  */

 #include "precompiled.hpp"

 #include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"

 #include "memory/blockOffsetTable.inline.hpp"

 #include "memory/iterator.hpp"

 #include "memory/space.inline.hpp"

 #include "memory/universe.hpp"

 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/java.hpp"

 #include "services/memTracker.hpp"

 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 // BlockOffsetSharedArray

 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 BlockOffsetSharedArray::BlockOffsetSharedArray(MemRegion reserved,

                                                size_t init_word_size):

   _reserved(reserved), _end(NULL)

 {

   size_t size = compute_size(reserved.word_size());

   ReservedSpace rs(size);

   if (!rs.is_reserved()) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not reserve enough space for heap offset array");

   }

   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_type((address)rs.base(), mtGC);

   if (!_vs.initialize(rs, 0)) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not reserve enough space for heap offset array");

   }

   _offset_array = (u_char*)_vs.low_boundary();

   resize(init_word_size);

   if (TraceBlockOffsetTable) {

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("BlockOffsetSharedArray::BlockOffsetSharedArray: ");

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  "

                   "  rs.base(): " INTPTR_FORMAT

                   "  rs.size(): " INTPTR_FORMAT

                   "  rs end(): " INTPTR_FORMAT,

                   rs.base(), rs.size(), rs.base() + rs.size());

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  "

                   "  _vs.low_boundary(): " INTPTR_FORMAT

                   "  _vs.high_boundary(): " INTPTR_FORMAT,

                   _vs.low_boundary(),

                   _vs.high_boundary());

   }

 }

 void BlockOffsetSharedArray::resize(size_t new_word_size) {

   assert(new_word_size <= _reserved.word_size(), "Resize larger than reserved");

   size_t new_size = compute_size(new_word_size);

   size_t old_size = _vs.committed_size();

   size_t delta;

   char* high = _vs.high();

   _end = _reserved.start() + new_word_size;

   if (new_size > old_size) {

     delta = ReservedSpace::page_align_size_up(new_size - old_size);

     assert(delta > 0, "just checking");

     if (!_vs.expand_by(delta)) {

       // Do better than this for Merlin

       vm_exit_out_of_memory(delta, "offset table expansion");

     }

     assert(_vs.high() == high + delta, "invalid expansion");

   } else {

     delta = ReservedSpace::page_align_size_down(old_size - new_size);

     if (delta == 0) return;

     _vs.shrink_by(delta);

     assert(_vs.high() == high - delta, "invalid expansion");

   }

 }

 bool BlockOffsetSharedArray::is_card_boundary(HeapWord* p) const {

   assert(p >= _reserved.start(), "just checking");

   size_t delta = pointer_delta(p, _reserved.start());

   return (delta & right_n_bits(LogN_words)) == (size_t)NoBits;

 }

 void BlockOffsetSharedArray::serialize(SerializeOopClosure* soc,

                                        HeapWord* start, HeapWord* end) {

   assert(_offset_array[0] == 0, "objects can't cross covered areas");

   assert(start <= end, "bad address range");

   size_t start_index = index_for(start);

   size_t end_index = index_for(end-1)+1;

   soc->do_region(&_offset_array[start_index],

                  (end_index - start_index) * sizeof(_offset_array[0]));

 }

 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 // BlockOffsetArray

 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 BlockOffsetArray::BlockOffsetArray(BlockOffsetSharedArray* array,

                                    MemRegion mr, bool init_to_zero_) :

   BlockOffsetTable(mr.start(), mr.end()),

   _array(array)

 {

   assert(_bottom <= _end, "arguments out of order");

   set_init_to_zero(init_to_zero_);

   if (!init_to_zero_) {

     // initialize cards to point back to mr.start()

     set_remainder_to_point_to_start(mr.start() + N_words, mr.end());

     _array->set_offset_array(0, 0);  // set first card to 0

   }

 }

 // The arguments follow the normal convention of denoting

 // a right-open interval: [start, end)

 void

 BlockOffsetArray::

 set_remainder_to_point_to_start(HeapWord* start, HeapWord* end, bool reducing) {

   check_reducing_assertion(reducing);

   if (start >= end) {

     // The start address is equal to the end address (or to

     // the right of the end address) so there are not cards

     // that need to be updated..

     return;

   }

   // Write the backskip value for each region.

   //

   //    offset

   //    card             2nd                       3rd

   //     | +- 1st        |                         |

   //     v v             v                         v

   //    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-

   //    |x|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|1|1|1|1| ... |1|1|1|1|2|2|2|2|2|2| ...

   //    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-

   //    11              19                        75

   //      12

   //

   //    offset card is the card that points to the start of an object

   //      x - offset value of offset card

   //    1st - start of first logarithmic region

   //      0 corresponds to logarithmic value N_words + 0 and 2**(3 * 0) = 1

   //    2nd - start of second logarithmic region

   //      1 corresponds to logarithmic value N_words + 1 and 2**(3 * 1) = 8

   //    3rd - start of third logarithmic region

   //      2 corresponds to logarithmic value N_words + 2 and 2**(3 * 2) = 64

   //

   //    integer below the block offset entry is an example of

   //    the index of the entry

   //

   //    Given an address,

   //      Find the index for the address

   //      Find the block offset table entry

   //      Convert the entry to a back slide

   //        (e.g., with today's, offset = 0x81 =>

   //          back slip = 2**(3*(0x81 - N_words)) = 2**3) = 8

   //      Move back N (e.g., 8) entries and repeat with the

   //        value of the new entry

   //

   size_t start_card = _array->index_for(start);

   size_t end_card = _array->index_for(end-1);

   assert(start ==_array->address_for_index(start_card), "Precondition");

   assert(end ==_array->address_for_index(end_card)+N_words, "Precondition");

   set_remainder_to_point_to_start_incl(start_card, end_card, reducing); // closed interval

 }

 // Unlike the normal convention in this code, the argument here denotes

 // a closed, inclusive interval: [start_card, end_card], cf set_remainder_to_point_to_start()

 // above.

 void

 BlockOffsetArray::set_remainder_to_point_to_start_incl(size_t start_card, size_t end_card, bool reducing) {

   check_reducing_assertion(reducing);

   if (start_card > end_card) {

     return;

   }

   assert(start_card > _array->index_for(_bottom), "Cannot be first card");

   assert(_array->offset_array(start_card-1) <= N_words,

     "Offset card has an unexpected value");

   size_t start_card_for_region = start_card;

   u_char offset = max_jubyte;

   for (int i = 0; i < N_powers; i++) {

     // -1 so that the the card with the actual offset is counted.  Another -1

     // so that the reach ends in this region and not at the start

     // of the next.

     size_t reach = start_card - 1 + (power_to_cards_back(i+1) - 1);

     offset = N_words + i;

     if (reach >= end_card) {

       _array->set_offset_array(start_card_for_region, end_card, offset, reducing);

       start_card_for_region = reach + 1;

       break;

     }

     _array->set_offset_array(start_card_for_region, reach, offset, reducing);

     start_card_for_region = reach + 1;

   }

   assert(start_card_for_region > end_card, "Sanity check");

   DEBUG_ONLY(check_all_cards(start_card, end_card);)

 }

 // The card-interval [start_card, end_card] is a closed interval; this

 // is an expensive check -- use with care and only under protection of

 // suitable flag.

 void BlockOffsetArray::check_all_cards(size_t start_card, size_t end_card) const {

   if (end_card < start_card) {

     return;

   }

   guarantee(_array->offset_array(start_card) == N_words, "Wrong value in second card");

   u_char last_entry = N_words;

   for (size_t c = start_card + 1; c <= end_card; c++ /* yeah! */) {

     u_char entry = _array->offset_array(c);

     guarantee(entry >= last_entry, "Monotonicity");

     if (c - start_card > power_to_cards_back(1)) {

       guarantee(entry > N_words, "Should be in logarithmic region");

     }

     size_t backskip = entry_to_cards_back(entry);

     size_t landing_card = c - backskip;

     guarantee(landing_card >= (start_card - 1), "Inv");

     if (landing_card >= start_card) {

       guarantee(_array->offset_array(landing_card) <= entry, "Monotonicity");

     } else {

       guarantee(landing_card == (start_card - 1), "Tautology");

       // Note that N_words is the maximum offset value

       guarantee(_array->offset_array(landing_card) <= N_words, "Offset value");

     }

     last_entry = entry;  // remember for monotonicity test

   }

 }

 void

 BlockOffsetArray::alloc_block(HeapWord* blk_start, HeapWord* blk_end) {

   assert(blk_start != NULL && blk_end > blk_start,

          "phantom block");

   single_block(blk_start, blk_end);

 }

 // Action_mark - update the BOT for the block [blk_start, blk_end).

 //               Current typical use is for splitting a block.

 // Action_single - udpate the BOT for an allocation.

 // Action_verify - BOT verification.

 void

 BlockOffsetArray::do_block_internal(HeapWord* blk_start,

                                     HeapWord* blk_end,

                                     Action action, bool reducing) {

   assert(Universe::heap()->is_in_reserved(blk_start),

          "reference must be into the heap");

   assert(Universe::heap()->is_in_reserved(blk_end-1),

          "limit must be within the heap");

   // This is optimized to make the test fast, assuming we only rarely

   // cross boundaries.

   uintptr_t end_ui = (uintptr_t)(blk_end - 1);

   uintptr_t start_ui = (uintptr_t)blk_start;

   // Calculate the last card boundary preceding end of blk

   intptr_t boundary_before_end = (intptr_t)end_ui;

   clear_bits(boundary_before_end, right_n_bits(LogN));

   if (start_ui <= (uintptr_t)boundary_before_end) {

     // blk starts at or crosses a boundary

     // Calculate index of card on which blk begins

     size_t    start_index = _array->index_for(blk_start);

     // Index of card on which blk ends

     size_t    end_index   = _array->index_for(blk_end - 1);

     // Start address of card on which blk begins

     HeapWord* boundary    = _array->address_for_index(start_index);

     assert(boundary <= blk_start, "blk should start at or after boundary");

     if (blk_start != boundary) {

       // blk starts strictly after boundary

       // adjust card boundary and start_index forward to next card

       boundary += N_words;

       start_index++;

     }

     assert(start_index <= end_index, "monotonicity of index_for()");

     assert(boundary <= (HeapWord*)boundary_before_end, "tautology");

     switch (action) {

       case Action_mark: {

         if (init_to_zero()) {

           _array->set_offset_array(start_index, boundary, blk_start, reducing);

           break;

         } // Else fall through to the next case

       }

       case Action_single: {

         _array->set_offset_array(start_index, boundary, blk_start, reducing);

         // We have finished marking the "offset card". We need to now

         // mark the subsequent cards that this blk spans.

         if (start_index < end_index) {

           HeapWord* rem_st = _array->address_for_index(start_index) + N_words;

           HeapWord* rem_end = _array->address_for_index(end_index) + N_words;

           set_remainder_to_point_to_start(rem_st, rem_end, reducing);

         }

         break;

       }

       case Action_check: {

         _array->check_offset_array(start_index, boundary, blk_start);

         // We have finished checking the "offset card". We need to now

         // check the subsequent cards that this blk spans.

         check_all_cards(start_index + 1, end_index);

         break;

       }

       default:

         ShouldNotReachHere();

     }

   }

 }

 // The range [blk_start, blk_end) represents a single contiguous block

 // of storage; modify the block offset table to represent this

 // information; Right-open interval: [blk_start, blk_end)

 // NOTE: this method does _not_ adjust _unallocated_block.

 void

 BlockOffsetArray::single_block(HeapWord* blk_start,

                                HeapWord* blk_end) {

   do_block_internal(blk_start, blk_end, Action_single);

 }

 void BlockOffsetArray::verify() const {

   // For each entry in the block offset table, verify that

   // the entry correctly finds the start of an object at the

   // first address covered by the block or to the left of that

   // first address.

   size_t next_index = 1;

   size_t last_index = last_active_index();

   // Use for debugging.  Initialize to NULL to distinguish the

   // first iteration through the while loop.

   HeapWord* last_p = NULL;

   HeapWord* last_start = NULL;

   oop last_o = NULL;

   while (next_index <= last_index) {

     // Use an address past the start of the address for

     // the entry.

     HeapWord* p = _array->address_for_index(next_index) + 1;

     if (p >= _end) {

       // That's all of the allocated block table.

       return;

     }

     // block_start() asserts that start <= p.

     HeapWord* start = block_start(p);

     // First check if the start is an allocated block and only

     // then if it is a valid object.

     oop o = oop(start);

     assert(!Universe::is_fully_initialized() ||

            _sp->is_free_block(start) ||

            o->is_oop_or_null(), "Bad object was found");

     next_index++;

     last_p = p;

     last_start = start;

     last_o = o;

   }

 }

 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 // BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace

 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 // The block [blk_start, blk_end) has been allocated;

 // adjust the block offset table to represent this information;

 // NOTE: Clients of BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace: consider using

 // the somewhat more lightweight split_block() or

 // (when init_to_zero()) mark_block() wherever possible.

 // right-open interval: [blk_start, blk_end)

 void

 BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace::alloc_block(HeapWord* blk_start,

                                             HeapWord* blk_end) {

   assert(blk_start != NULL && blk_end > blk_start,

          "phantom block");

   single_block(blk_start, blk_end);

   allocated(blk_start, blk_end);

 }

 // Adjust BOT to show that a previously whole block has been split

 // into two.  We verify the BOT for the first part (prefix) and

 // update the  BOT for the second part (suffix).

 //      blk is the start of the block

 //      blk_size is the size of the original block

 //      left_blk_size is the size of the first part of the split

 void BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace::split_block(HeapWord* blk,

                                                  size_t blk_size,

                                                  size_t left_blk_size) {

   // Verify that the BOT shows [blk, blk + blk_size) to be one block.

   verify_single_block(blk, blk_size);

   // Update the BOT to indicate that [blk + left_blk_size, blk + blk_size)

   // is one single block.

   assert(blk_size > 0, "Should be positive");

   assert(left_blk_size > 0, "Should be positive");

   assert(left_blk_size < blk_size, "Not a split");

   // Start addresses of prefix block and suffix block.

   HeapWord* pref_addr = blk;

   HeapWord* suff_addr = blk + left_blk_size;

   HeapWord* end_addr  = blk + blk_size;

   // Indices for starts of prefix block and suffix block.

   size_t pref_index = _array->index_for(pref_addr);

   if (_array->address_for_index(pref_index) != pref_addr) {

     // pref_addr does not begin pref_index

     pref_index++;

   }

   size_t suff_index = _array->index_for(suff_addr);

   if (_array->address_for_index(suff_index) != suff_addr) {

     // suff_addr does not begin suff_index

     suff_index++;

   }

   // Definition: A block B, denoted [B_start, B_end) __starts__

   //     a card C, denoted [C_start, C_end), where C_start and C_end

   //     are the heap addresses that card C covers, iff

   //     B_start <= C_start < B_end.

   //

   //     We say that a card C "is started by" a block B, iff

   //     B "starts" C.

   //

   //     Note that the cardinality of the set of cards {C}

   //     started by a block B can be 0, 1, or more.

   //

   // Below, pref_index and suff_index are, respectively, the

   // first (least) card indices that the prefix and suffix of

   // the split start; end_index is one more than the index of

   // the last (greatest) card that blk starts.

   size_t end_index  = _array->index_for(end_addr - 1) + 1;

   // Calculate the # cards that the prefix and suffix affect.

   size_t num_pref_cards = suff_index - pref_index;

   size_t num_suff_cards = end_index  - suff_index;

   // Change the cards that need changing

   if (num_suff_cards > 0) {

     HeapWord* boundary = _array->address_for_index(suff_index);

     // Set the offset card for suffix block

     _array->set_offset_array(suff_index, boundary, suff_addr, true /* reducing */);

     // Change any further cards that need changing in the suffix

     if (num_pref_cards > 0) {

       if (num_pref_cards >= num_suff_cards) {

         // Unilaterally fix all of the suffix cards: closed card

         // index interval in args below.

         set_remainder_to_point_to_start_incl(suff_index + 1, end_index - 1, true /* reducing */);

       } else {

         // Unilaterally fix the first (num_pref_cards - 1) following

         // the "offset card" in the suffix block.

         set_remainder_to_point_to_start_incl(suff_index + 1,

           suff_index + num_pref_cards - 1, true /* reducing */);

         // Fix the appropriate cards in the remainder of the

         // suffix block -- these are the last num_pref_cards

         // cards in each power block of the "new" range plumbed

         // from suff_addr.

         bool more = true;

         uint i = 1;

         while (more && (i < N_powers)) {

           size_t back_by = power_to_cards_back(i);

           size_t right_index = suff_index + back_by - 1;

           size_t left_index  = right_index - num_pref_cards + 1;

           if (right_index >= end_index - 1) { // last iteration

             right_index = end_index - 1;

             more = false;

           }

           if (back_by > num_pref_cards) {

             // Fill in the remainder of this "power block", if it

             // is non-null.

             if (left_index <= right_index) {

               _array->set_offset_array(left_index, right_index,

                                      N_words + i - 1, true /* reducing */);

             } else {

               more = false; // we are done

             }

             i++;

             break;

           }

           i++;

         }

         while (more && (i < N_powers)) {

           size_t back_by = power_to_cards_back(i);

           size_t right_index = suff_index + back_by - 1;

           size_t left_index  = right_index - num_pref_cards + 1;

           if (right_index >= end_index - 1) { // last iteration

             right_index = end_index - 1;

             if (left_index > right_index) {

               break;

             }

             more  = false;

           }

           assert(left_index <= right_index, "Error");

           _array->set_offset_array(left_index, right_index, N_words + i - 1, true /* reducing */);

           i++;

         }

       }

     } // else no more cards to fix in suffix

   } // else nothing needs to be done

   // Verify that we did the right thing

   verify_single_block(pref_addr, left_blk_size);

   verify_single_block(suff_addr, blk_size - left_blk_size);

 }

 // Mark the BOT such that if [blk_start, blk_end) straddles a card

 // boundary, the card following the first such boundary is marked

 // with the appropriate offset.

 // NOTE: this method does _not_ adjust _unallocated_block or

 // any cards subsequent to the first one.

 void

 BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace::mark_block(HeapWord* blk_start,

                                            HeapWord* blk_end, bool reducing) {

   do_block_internal(blk_start, blk_end, Action_mark, reducing);

 }

 HeapWord* BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace::block_start_unsafe(

   const void* addr) const {

   assert(_array->offset_array(0) == 0, "objects can't cross covered areas");

   assert(_bottom <= addr && addr < _end,

          "addr must be covered by this Array");

   // Must read this exactly once because it can be modified by parallel

   // allocation.

   HeapWord* ub = _unallocated_block;

   if (BlockOffsetArrayUseUnallocatedBlock && addr >= ub) {

     assert(ub < _end, "tautology (see above)");

     return ub;

   }

   // Otherwise, find the block start using the table.

   size_t index = _array->index_for(addr);

   HeapWord* q = _array->address_for_index(index);

   uint offset = _array->offset_array(index);    // Extend u_char to uint.

   while (offset >= N_words) {

     // The excess of the offset from N_words indicates a power of Base

     // to go back by.

     size_t n_cards_back = entry_to_cards_back(offset);

     q -= (N_words * n_cards_back);

     assert(q >= _sp->bottom(),

            err_msg("q = " PTR_FORMAT " crossed below bottom = " PTR_FORMAT,

                    q, _sp->bottom()));

     assert(q < _sp->end(),

            err_msg("q = " PTR_FORMAT " crossed above end = " PTR_FORMAT,

                    q, _sp->end()));

     index -= n_cards_back;

     offset = _array->offset_array(index);

   }

   assert(offset < N_words, "offset too large");

   index--;

   q -= offset;

   assert(q >= _sp->bottom(),

          err_msg("q = " PTR_FORMAT " crossed below bottom = " PTR_FORMAT,

                  q, _sp->bottom()));

   assert(q < _sp->end(),

          err_msg("q = " PTR_FORMAT " crossed above end = " PTR_FORMAT,

                  q, _sp->end()));

   HeapWord* n = q;

   while (n <= addr) {

     debug_only(HeapWord* last = q);   // for debugging

     q = n;

     n += _sp->block_size(n);

     assert(n > q,

            err_msg("Looping at n = " PTR_FORMAT " with last = " PTR_FORMAT","

                    " while querying blk_start(" PTR_FORMAT ")"

                    " on _sp = [" PTR_FORMAT "," PTR_FORMAT ")",

                    n, last, addr, _sp->bottom(), _sp->end()));

   }

   assert(q <= addr,

          err_msg("wrong order for current (" INTPTR_FORMAT ")" " <= arg (" INTPTR_FORMAT ")",

                  q, addr));

   assert(addr <= n,

          err_msg("wrong order for arg (" INTPTR_FORMAT ") <= next (" INTPTR_FORMAT ")",

                  addr, n));

   return q;

 }

 HeapWord* BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace::block_start_careful(

   const void* addr) const {

   assert(_array->offset_array(0) == 0, "objects can't cross covered areas");

   assert(_bottom <= addr && addr < _end,

          "addr must be covered by this Array");

   // Must read this exactly once because it can be modified by parallel

   // allocation.

   HeapWord* ub = _unallocated_block;

   if (BlockOffsetArrayUseUnallocatedBlock && addr >= ub) {

     assert(ub < _end, "tautology (see above)");

     return ub;

   }

   // Otherwise, find the block start using the table, but taking

   // care (cf block_start_unsafe() above) not to parse any objects/blocks

   // on the cards themsleves.

   size_t index = _array->index_for(addr);

   assert(_array->address_for_index(index) == addr,

          "arg should be start of card");

   HeapWord* q = (HeapWord*)addr;

   uint offset;

   do {

     offset = _array->offset_array(index);

     if (offset < N_words) {

       q -= offset;

     } else {

       size_t n_cards_back = entry_to_cards_back(offset);

       q -= (n_cards_back * N_words);

       index -= n_cards_back;

     }

   } while (offset >= N_words);

   assert(q <= addr, "block start should be to left of arg");

   return q;

 }

 #ifndef PRODUCT

 // Verification & debugging - ensure that the offset table reflects the fact

 // that the block [blk_start, blk_end) or [blk, blk + size) is a

 // single block of storage. NOTE: can't const this because of

 // call to non-const do_block_internal() below.

 void BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace::verify_single_block(

   HeapWord* blk_start, HeapWord* blk_end) {

   if (VerifyBlockOffsetArray) {

     do_block_internal(blk_start, blk_end, Action_check);

   }

 }

 void BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace::verify_single_block(

   HeapWord* blk, size_t size) {

   verify_single_block(blk, blk + size);

 }

 // Verify that the given block is before _unallocated_block

 void BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace::verify_not_unallocated(

   HeapWord* blk_start, HeapWord* blk_end) const {

   if (BlockOffsetArrayUseUnallocatedBlock) {

     assert(blk_start < blk_end, "Block inconsistency?");

     assert(blk_end <= _unallocated_block, "_unallocated_block problem");

   }

 }

 void BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace::verify_not_unallocated(

   HeapWord* blk, size_t size) const {

   verify_not_unallocated(blk, blk + size);

 }

 #endif // PRODUCT

 size_t BlockOffsetArrayNonContigSpace::last_active_index() const {

   if (_unallocated_block == _bottom) {

     return 0;

   } else {

     return _array->index_for(_unallocated_block - 1);

   }

 }

 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 // BlockOffsetArrayContigSpace

 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 HeapWord* BlockOffsetArrayContigSpace::block_start_unsafe(const void* addr) const {

   assert(_array->offset_array(0) == 0, "objects can't cross covered areas");

   // Otherwise, find the block start using the table.

   assert(_bottom <= addr && addr < _end,

          "addr must be covered by this Array");

   size_t index = _array->index_for(addr);

   // We must make sure that the offset table entry we use is valid.  If

   // "addr" is past the end, start at the last known one and go forward.

   index = MIN2(index, _next_offset_index-1);

   HeapWord* q = _array->address_for_index(index);

   uint offset = _array->offset_array(index);    // Extend u_char to uint.

   while (offset > N_words) {

     // The excess of the offset from N_words indicates a power of Base

     // to go back by.

     size_t n_cards_back = entry_to_cards_back(offset);

     q -= (N_words * n_cards_back);

     assert(q >= _sp->bottom(), "Went below bottom!");

     index -= n_cards_back;

     offset = _array->offset_array(index);

   }

   while (offset == N_words) {

     assert(q >= _sp->bottom(), "Went below bottom!");

     q -= N_words;

     index--;

     offset = _array->offset_array(index);

   }

   assert(offset < N_words, "offset too large");

   q -= offset;

   HeapWord* n = q;

   while (n <= addr) {

     debug_only(HeapWord* last = q);   // for debugging

     q = n;

     n += _sp->block_size(n);

   }

   assert(q <= addr, "wrong order for current and arg");

   assert(addr <= n, "wrong order for arg and next");

   return q;

 }

 //

 //              _next_offset_threshold

 //              |   _next_offset_index

 //              v   v

 //      +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

 //      | i-1   |   i   | i+1   | i+2   | i+3   |

 //      +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

 //       ( ^    ]

 //         block-start

 //

 void BlockOffsetArrayContigSpace::alloc_block_work(HeapWord* blk_start,

                                         HeapWord* blk_end) {

   assert(blk_start != NULL && blk_end > blk_start,

          "phantom block");

   assert(blk_end > _next_offset_threshold,

          "should be past threshold");

   assert(blk_start <= _next_offset_threshold,

          "blk_start should be at or before threshold");

   assert(pointer_delta(_next_offset_threshold, blk_start) <= N_words,

          "offset should be <= BlockOffsetSharedArray::N");

   assert(Universe::heap()->is_in_reserved(blk_start),

          "reference must be into the heap");

   assert(Universe::heap()->is_in_reserved(blk_end-1),

          "limit must be within the heap");

   assert(_next_offset_threshold ==

          _array->_reserved.start() + _next_offset_index*N_words,

          "index must agree with threshold");

   debug_only(size_t orig_next_offset_index = _next_offset_index;)

   // Mark the card that holds the offset into the block.  Note

   // that _next_offset_index and _next_offset_threshold are not

   // updated until the end of this method.

   _array->set_offset_array(_next_offset_index,

                            _next_offset_threshold,

                            blk_start);

   // We need to now mark the subsequent cards that this blk spans.

   // Index of card on which blk ends.

   size_t end_index   = _array->index_for(blk_end - 1);

   // Are there more cards left to be updated?

   if (_next_offset_index + 1 <= end_index) {

     HeapWord* rem_st  = _array->address_for_index(_next_offset_index + 1);

     // Calculate rem_end this way because end_index

     // may be the last valid index in the covered region.

     HeapWord* rem_end = _array->address_for_index(end_index) +  N_words;

     set_remainder_to_point_to_start(rem_st, rem_end);

   }

   // _next_offset_index and _next_offset_threshold updated here.

   _next_offset_index = end_index + 1;

   // Calculate _next_offset_threshold this way because end_index

   // may be the last valid index in the covered region.

   _next_offset_threshold = _array->address_for_index(end_index) + N_words;

   assert(_next_offset_threshold >= blk_end, "Incorrect offset threshold");

 #ifdef ASSERT

   // The offset can be 0 if the block starts on a boundary.  That

   // is checked by an assertion above.

   size_t start_index = _array->index_for(blk_start);

   HeapWord* boundary    = _array->address_for_index(start_index);

   assert((_array->offset_array(orig_next_offset_index) == 0 &&

           blk_start == boundary) ||

           (_array->offset_array(orig_next_offset_index) > 0 &&

          _array->offset_array(orig_next_offset_index) <= N_words),

          "offset array should have been set");

   for (size_t j = orig_next_offset_index + 1; j <= end_index; j++) {

     assert(_array->offset_array(j) > 0 &&

            _array->offset_array(j) <= (u_char) (N_words+N_powers-1),

            "offset array should have been set");

   }

 #endif

 }

 HeapWord* BlockOffsetArrayContigSpace::initialize_threshold() {

   assert(!Universe::heap()->is_in_reserved(_array->_offset_array),

          "just checking");

   _next_offset_index = _array->index_for(_bottom);

   _next_offset_index++;

   _next_offset_threshold =

     _array->address_for_index(_next_offset_index);

   return _next_offset_threshold;

 }

 void BlockOffsetArrayContigSpace::zero_bottom_entry() {

   assert(!Universe::heap()->is_in_reserved(_array->_offset_array),

          "just checking");

   size_t bottom_index = _array->index_for(_bottom);

   _array->set_offset_array(bottom_index, 0);

 }

 void BlockOffsetArrayContigSpace::serialize(SerializeOopClosure* soc) {

   if (soc->reading()) {

     // Null these values so that the serializer won't object to updating them.

     _next_offset_threshold = NULL;

     _next_offset_index = 0;

   }

   soc->do_ptr(&_next_offset_threshold);

   soc->do_size_t(&_next_offset_index);

 }

 size_t BlockOffsetArrayContigSpace::last_active_index() const {

   size_t result = _next_offset_index - 1;

   return result >= 0 ? result : 0;

 }