Mercurial > jdk8-mips64-public > hotspot / file revision

 /*

  * Copyright 1997-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,

  * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or

  * have any questions.

  *

  */

 class BiasedLockingCounters;

 // <sys/trap.h> promises that the system will not use traps 16-31

 #define ST_RESERVED_FOR_USER_0 0x10

 /* Written: David Ungar 4/19/97 */

 // Contains all the definitions needed for sparc assembly code generation.

 // Register aliases for parts of the system:

 // 64 bit values can be kept in g1-g5, o1-o5 and o7 and all 64 bits are safe

 // across context switches in V8+ ABI.  Of course, there are no 64 bit regs

 // in V8 ABI. All 64 bits are preserved in V9 ABI for all registers.

 // g2-g4 are scratch registers called "application globals".  Their

 // meaning is reserved to the "compilation system"--which means us!

 // They are are not supposed to be touched by ordinary C code, although

 // highly-optimized C code might steal them for temps.  They are safe

 // across thread switches, and the ABI requires that they be safe

 // across function calls.

 //

 // g1 and g3 are touched by more modules.  V8 allows g1 to be clobbered

 // across func calls, and V8+ also allows g5 to be clobbered across

 // func calls.  Also, g1 and g5 can get touched while doing shared

 // library loading.

 //

 // We must not touch g7 (it is the thread-self register) and g6 is

 // reserved for certain tools.  g0, of course, is always zero.

 //

 // (Sources:  SunSoft Compilers Group, thread library engineers.)

 // %%%% The interpreter should be revisited to reduce global scratch regs.

 // This global always holds the current JavaThread pointer:

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, G2_thread , G2);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, G6_heapbase , G6);

 // The following globals are part of the Java calling convention:

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, G5_method             , G5);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, G5_megamorphic_method , G5_method);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, G5_inline_cache_reg   , G5_method);

 // The following globals are used for the new C1 & interpreter calling convention:

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Gargs        , G4); // pointing to the last argument

 // This local is used to preserve G2_thread in the interpreter and in stubs:

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, L7_thread_cache , L7);

 // These globals are used as scratch registers in the interpreter:

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Gframe_size   , G1); // SAME REG as G1_scratch

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, G1_scratch    , G1); // also SAME

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, G3_scratch    , G3);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, G4_scratch    , G4);

 // These globals are used as short-lived scratch registers in the compiler:

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Gtemp  , G5);

 // The compiler requires that G5_megamorphic_method is G5_inline_cache_klass,

 // because a single patchable "set" instruction (NativeMovConstReg,

 // or NativeMovConstPatching for compiler1) instruction

 // serves to set up either quantity, depending on whether the compiled

 // call site is an inline cache or is megamorphic.  See the function

 // CompiledIC::set_to_megamorphic.

 //

 // On the other hand, G5_inline_cache_klass must differ from G5_method,

 // because both registers are needed for an inline cache that calls

 // an interpreted method.

 //

 // Note that G5_method is only the method-self for the interpreter,

 // and is logically unrelated to G5_megamorphic_method.

 //

 // Invariants on G2_thread (the JavaThread pointer):

 //  - it should not be used for any other purpose anywhere

 //  - it must be re-initialized by StubRoutines::call_stub()

 //  - it must be preserved around every use of call_VM

 // We can consider using g2/g3/g4 to cache more values than the

 // JavaThread, such as the card-marking base or perhaps pointers into

 // Eden.  It's something of a waste to use them as scratch temporaries,

 // since they are not supposed to be volatile.  (Of course, if we find

 // that Java doesn't benefit from application globals, then we can just

 // use them as ordinary temporaries.)

 //

 // Since g1 and g5 (and/or g6) are the volatile (caller-save) registers,

 // it makes sense to use them routinely for procedure linkage,

 // whenever the On registers are not applicable.  Examples:  G5_method,

 // G5_inline_cache_klass, and a double handful of miscellaneous compiler

 // stubs.  This means that compiler stubs, etc., should be kept to a

 // maximum of two or three G-register arguments.

 // stub frames

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lentry_args      , L0); // pointer to args passed to callee (interpreter) not stub itself

 // Interpreter frames

 #ifdef CC_INTERP

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lstate           , L0); // interpreter state object pointer

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, L1_scratch       , L1); // scratch

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lmirror          , L1); // mirror (for native methods only)

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, L2_scratch       , L2);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, L3_scratch       , L3);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, L4_scratch       , L4);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lscratch         , L5); // C1 uses

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lscratch2        , L6); // C1 uses

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, L7_scratch       , L7); // constant pool cache

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, O5_savedSP       , O5);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, I5_savedSP       , I5); // Saved SP before bumping for locals.  This is simply

                                                        // a copy SP, so in 64-bit it's a biased value.  The bias

                                                        // is added and removed as needed in the frame code.

 // Interface to signature handler

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Llocals          , L7); // pointer to locals for signature handler

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lmethod          , L6); // methodOop when calling signature handler

 #else

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lesp             , L0); // expression stack pointer

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lbcp             , L1); // pointer to next bytecode

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lmethod          , L2);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Llocals          , L3);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Largs            , L3); // pointer to locals for signature handler

                                                        // must match Llocals in asm interpreter

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lmonitors        , L4);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lbyte_code       , L5);

 // When calling out from the interpreter we record SP so that we can remove any extra stack

 // space allocated during adapter transitions. This register is only live from the point

 // of the call until we return.

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Llast_SP         , L5);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lscratch         , L5);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Lscratch2        , L6);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, LcpoolCache      , L6); // constant pool cache

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, O5_savedSP       , O5);

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, I5_savedSP       , I5); // Saved SP before bumping for locals.  This is simply

                                                        // a copy SP, so in 64-bit it's a biased value.  The bias

                                                        // is added and removed as needed in the frame code.

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, IdispatchTables  , I4); // Base address of the bytecode dispatch tables

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, IdispatchAddress , I3); // Register which saves the dispatch address for each bytecode

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, ImethodDataPtr   , I2); // Pointer to the current method data

 #endif /* CC_INTERP */

 // NOTE: Lscratch2 and LcpoolCache point to the same registers in

 //       the interpreter code. If Lscratch2 needs to be used for some

 //       purpose than LcpoolCache should be restore after that for

 //       the interpreter to work right

 // (These assignments must be compatible with L7_thread_cache; see above.)

 // Since Lbcp points into the middle of the method object,

 // it is temporarily converted into a "bcx" during GC.

 // Exception processing

 // These registers are passed into exception handlers.

 // All exception handlers require the exception object being thrown.

 // In addition, an nmethod's exception handler must be passed

 // the address of the call site within the nmethod, to allow

 // proper selection of the applicable catch block.

 // (Interpreter frames use their own bcp() for this purpose.)

 //

 // The Oissuing_pc value is not always needed.  When jumping to a

 // handler that is known to be interpreted, the Oissuing_pc value can be

 // omitted.  An actual catch block in compiled code receives (from its

 // nmethod's exception handler) the thrown exception in the Oexception,

 // but it doesn't need the Oissuing_pc.

 //

 // If an exception handler (either interpreted or compiled)

 // discovers there is no applicable catch block, it updates

 // the Oissuing_pc to the continuation PC of its own caller,

 // pops back to that caller's stack frame, and executes that

 // caller's exception handler.  Obviously, this process will

 // iterate until the control stack is popped back to a method

 // containing an applicable catch block.  A key invariant is

 // that the Oissuing_pc value is always a value local to

 // the method whose exception handler is currently executing.

 //

 // Note:  The issuing PC value is __not__ a raw return address (I7 value).

 // It is a "return pc", the address __following__ the call.

 // Raw return addresses are converted to issuing PCs by frame::pc(),

 // or by stubs.  Issuing PCs can be used directly with PC range tables.

 //

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Oexception  , O0); // exception being thrown

 REGISTER_DECLARATION(Register, Oissuing_pc , O1); // where the exception is coming from

 // These must occur after the declarations above

 #ifndef DONT_USE_REGISTER_DEFINES

 #define Gthread             AS_REGISTER(Register, Gthread)

 #define Gmethod             AS_REGISTER(Register, Gmethod)

 #define Gmegamorphic_method AS_REGISTER(Register, Gmegamorphic_method)

 #define Ginline_cache_reg   AS_REGISTER(Register, Ginline_cache_reg)

 #define Gargs               AS_REGISTER(Register, Gargs)

 #define Lthread_cache       AS_REGISTER(Register, Lthread_cache)

 #define Gframe_size         AS_REGISTER(Register, Gframe_size)

 #define Gtemp               AS_REGISTER(Register, Gtemp)

 #ifdef CC_INTERP

 #define Lstate              AS_REGISTER(Register, Lstate)

 #define Lesp                AS_REGISTER(Register, Lesp)

 #define L1_scratch          AS_REGISTER(Register, L1_scratch)

 #define Lmirror             AS_REGISTER(Register, Lmirror)

 #define L2_scratch          AS_REGISTER(Register, L2_scratch)

 #define L3_scratch          AS_REGISTER(Register, L3_scratch)

 #define L4_scratch          AS_REGISTER(Register, L4_scratch)

 #define Lscratch            AS_REGISTER(Register, Lscratch)

 #define Lscratch2           AS_REGISTER(Register, Lscratch2)

 #define L7_scratch          AS_REGISTER(Register, L7_scratch)

 #define Ostate              AS_REGISTER(Register, Ostate)

 #else

 #define Lesp                AS_REGISTER(Register, Lesp)

 #define Lbcp                AS_REGISTER(Register, Lbcp)

 #define Lmethod             AS_REGISTER(Register, Lmethod)

 #define Llocals             AS_REGISTER(Register, Llocals)

 #define Lmonitors           AS_REGISTER(Register, Lmonitors)

 #define Lbyte_code          AS_REGISTER(Register, Lbyte_code)

 #define Lscratch            AS_REGISTER(Register, Lscratch)

 #define Lscratch2           AS_REGISTER(Register, Lscratch2)

 #define LcpoolCache         AS_REGISTER(Register, LcpoolCache)

 #endif /* ! CC_INTERP */

 #define Lentry_args         AS_REGISTER(Register, Lentry_args)

 #define I5_savedSP          AS_REGISTER(Register, I5_savedSP)

 #define O5_savedSP          AS_REGISTER(Register, O5_savedSP)

 #define IdispatchAddress    AS_REGISTER(Register, IdispatchAddress)

 #define ImethodDataPtr      AS_REGISTER(Register, ImethodDataPtr)

 #define IdispatchTables     AS_REGISTER(Register, IdispatchTables)

 #define Oexception          AS_REGISTER(Register, Oexception)

 #define Oissuing_pc         AS_REGISTER(Register, Oissuing_pc)

 #endif

 // Address is an abstraction used to represent a memory location.

 //

 // Note: A register location is represented via a Register, not

 //       via an address for efficiency & simplicity reasons.

 class Address VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {

  private:

   Register              _base;

 #ifdef _LP64

   int                   _hi32;          // bits 63::32

   int                   _low32;         // bits 31::0

 #endif

   int                   _hi;

   int                   _disp;

   RelocationHolder      _rspec;

   RelocationHolder rspec_from_rtype(relocInfo::relocType rt, address a = NULL) {

     switch (rt) {

     case relocInfo::external_word_type:

       return external_word_Relocation::spec(a);

     case relocInfo::internal_word_type:

       return internal_word_Relocation::spec(a);

 #ifdef _LP64

     case relocInfo::opt_virtual_call_type:

       return opt_virtual_call_Relocation::spec();

     case relocInfo::static_call_type:

       return static_call_Relocation::spec();

     case relocInfo::runtime_call_type:

       return runtime_call_Relocation::spec();

 #endif

     case relocInfo::none:

       return RelocationHolder();

     default:

       ShouldNotReachHere();

       return RelocationHolder();

     }

   }

  public:

   Address(Register b, address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none)

     : _rspec(rspec_from_rtype(rt, a))

   {

     _base  = b;

 #ifdef _LP64

     _hi32  = (intptr_t)a >> 32;    // top 32 bits in 64 bit word

     _low32 = (intptr_t)a & ~0;     // low 32 bits in 64 bit word

 #endif

     _hi    = (intptr_t)a & ~0x3ff; // top    22 bits in low word

     _disp  = (intptr_t)a &  0x3ff; // bottom 10 bits

   }

   Address(Register b, address a, RelocationHolder const& rspec)

     : _rspec(rspec)

   {

     _base  = b;

 #ifdef _LP64

     _hi32  = (intptr_t)a >> 32;    // top 32 bits in 64 bit word

     _low32 = (intptr_t)a & ~0;     // low 32 bits in 64 bit word

 #endif

     _hi    = (intptr_t)a & ~0x3ff; // top    22 bits

     _disp  = (intptr_t)a &  0x3ff; // bottom 10 bits

   }

   Address(Register b, intptr_t h, intptr_t d, RelocationHolder const& rspec = RelocationHolder())

     : _rspec(rspec)

   {

     _base  = b;

 #ifdef _LP64

 // [RGV] Put in Assert to force me to check usage of this constructor

      assert( h == 0, "Check usage of this constructor" );

     _hi32  = h;

     _low32 = d;

     _hi    = h;

     _disp  = d;

 #else

     _hi    = h;

     _disp  = d;

 #endif

   }

   Address()

     : _rspec(RelocationHolder())

   {

     _base  = G0;

 #ifdef _LP64

     _hi32  = 0;

     _low32 = 0;

 #endif

     _hi    = 0;

     _disp  = 0;

   }

   // fancier constructors

   enum addr_type {

     extra_in_argument,  // in the In registers

     extra_out_argument  // in the Outs

   };

   Address( addr_type, int );

   // accessors

   Register               base() const { return _base; }

 #ifdef _LP64

   int                   hi32()  const { return _hi32; }

   int                   low32() const { return _low32; }

 #endif

   int                      hi() const { return _hi;  }

   int                    disp() const { return _disp; }

 #ifdef _LP64

   intptr_t              value() const { return ((intptr_t)_hi32 << 32) |

                                                 (intptr_t)(uint32_t)_low32; }

 #else

   int                   value() const { return _hi | _disp; }

 #endif

   const relocInfo::relocType  rtype() { return _rspec.type(); }

   const RelocationHolder&     rspec() { return _rspec; }

   RelocationHolder      rspec(int offset) const {

     return offset == 0 ? _rspec : _rspec.plus(offset);

   }

   inline bool is_simm13(int offset = 0);  // check disp+offset for overflow

   Address plus_disp(int disp) const {     // bump disp by a small amount

     Address a = (*this);

     a._disp += disp;

     return a;

   }

   Address split_disp() const {            // deal with disp overflow

     Address a = (*this);

     int hi_disp = _disp & ~0x3ff;

     if (hi_disp != 0) {

       a._disp -= hi_disp;

       a._hi   += hi_disp;

     }

     return a;

   }

   Address after_save() const {

     Address a = (*this);

     a._base = a._base->after_save();

     return a;

   }

   Address after_restore() const {

     Address a = (*this);

     a._base = a._base->after_restore();

     return a;

   }

   friend class Assembler;

 };

 inline Address RegisterImpl::address_in_saved_window() const {

    return (Address(SP, 0, (sp_offset_in_saved_window() * wordSize) + STACK_BIAS));

 }

 // Argument is an abstraction used to represent an outgoing

 // actual argument or an incoming formal parameter, whether

 // it resides in memory or in a register, in a manner consistent

 // with the SPARC Application Binary Interface, or ABI.  This is

 // often referred to as the native or C calling convention.

 class Argument VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {

  private:

   int _number;

   bool _is_in;

  public:

 #ifdef _LP64

   enum {

     n_register_parameters = 6,          // only 6 registers may contain integer parameters

     n_float_register_parameters = 16    // Can have up to 16 floating registers

   };

 #else

   enum {

     n_register_parameters = 6           // only 6 registers may contain integer parameters

   };

 #endif

   // creation

   Argument(int number, bool is_in) : _number(number), _is_in(is_in) {}

   int  number() const  { return _number;  }

   bool is_in()  const  { return _is_in;   }

   bool is_out() const  { return !is_in(); }

   Argument successor() const  { return Argument(number() + 1, is_in()); }

   Argument as_in()     const  { return Argument(number(), true ); }

   Argument as_out()    const  { return Argument(number(), false); }

   // locating register-based arguments:

   bool is_register() const { return _number < n_register_parameters; }

 #ifdef _LP64

   // locating Floating Point register-based arguments:

   bool is_float_register() const { return _number < n_float_register_parameters; }

   FloatRegister as_float_register() const {

     assert(is_float_register(), "must be a register argument");

     return as_FloatRegister(( number() *2 ) + 1);

   }

   FloatRegister as_double_register() const {

     assert(is_float_register(), "must be a register argument");

     return as_FloatRegister(( number() *2 ));

   }

 #endif

   Register as_register() const {

     assert(is_register(), "must be a register argument");

     return is_in() ? as_iRegister(number()) : as_oRegister(number());

   }

   // locating memory-based arguments

   Address as_address() const {

     assert(!is_register(), "must be a memory argument");

     return address_in_frame();

   }

   // When applied to a register-based argument, give the corresponding address

   // into the 6-word area "into which callee may store register arguments"

   // (This is a different place than the corresponding register-save area location.)

   Address address_in_frame() const {

     return Address( is_in()   ? Address::extra_in_argument

                               : Address::extra_out_argument,

                     _number );

   }

   // debugging

   const char* name() const;

   friend class Assembler;

 };

 // The SPARC Assembler: Pure assembler doing NO optimizations on the instruction

 // level; i.e., what you write

 // is what you get. The Assembler is generating code into a CodeBuffer.

 class Assembler : public AbstractAssembler  {

  protected:

   static void print_instruction(int inst);

   static int  patched_branch(int dest_pos, int inst, int inst_pos);

   static int  branch_destination(int inst, int pos);

   friend class AbstractAssembler;

   // code patchers need various routines like inv_wdisp()

   friend class NativeInstruction;

   friend class NativeGeneralJump;

   friend class Relocation;

   friend class Label;

  public:

   // op carries format info; see page 62 & 267

   enum ops {

     call_op   = 1, // fmt 1

     branch_op = 0, // also sethi (fmt2)

     arith_op  = 2, // fmt 3, arith & misc

     ldst_op   = 3  // fmt 3, load/store

   };

   enum op2s {

     bpr_op2   = 3,

     fb_op2    = 6,

     fbp_op2   = 5,

     br_op2    = 2,

     bp_op2    = 1,

     cb_op2    = 7, // V8

     sethi_op2 = 4

   };

   enum op3s {

     // selected op3s

     add_op3      = 0x00,

     and_op3      = 0x01,

     or_op3       = 0x02,

     xor_op3      = 0x03,

     sub_op3      = 0x04,

     andn_op3     = 0x05,

     orn_op3      = 0x06,

     xnor_op3     = 0x07,

     addc_op3     = 0x08,

     mulx_op3     = 0x09,

     umul_op3     = 0x0a,

     smul_op3     = 0x0b,

     subc_op3     = 0x0c,

     udivx_op3    = 0x0d,

     udiv_op3     = 0x0e,

     sdiv_op3     = 0x0f,

     addcc_op3    = 0x10,

     andcc_op3    = 0x11,

     orcc_op3     = 0x12,

     xorcc_op3    = 0x13,

     subcc_op3    = 0x14,

     andncc_op3   = 0x15,

     orncc_op3    = 0x16,

     xnorcc_op3   = 0x17,

     addccc_op3   = 0x18,

     umulcc_op3   = 0x1a,

     smulcc_op3   = 0x1b,

     subccc_op3   = 0x1c,

     udivcc_op3   = 0x1e,

     sdivcc_op3   = 0x1f,

     taddcc_op3   = 0x20,

     tsubcc_op3   = 0x21,

     taddcctv_op3 = 0x22,

     tsubcctv_op3 = 0x23,

     mulscc_op3   = 0x24,

     sll_op3      = 0x25,

     sllx_op3     = 0x25,

     srl_op3      = 0x26,

     srlx_op3     = 0x26,

     sra_op3      = 0x27,

     srax_op3     = 0x27,

     rdreg_op3    = 0x28,

     membar_op3   = 0x28,

     flushw_op3   = 0x2b,

     movcc_op3    = 0x2c,

     sdivx_op3    = 0x2d,

     popc_op3     = 0x2e,

     movr_op3     = 0x2f,

     sir_op3      = 0x30,

     wrreg_op3    = 0x30,

     saved_op3    = 0x31,

     fpop1_op3    = 0x34,

     fpop2_op3    = 0x35,

     impdep1_op3  = 0x36,

     impdep2_op3  = 0x37,

     jmpl_op3     = 0x38,

     rett_op3     = 0x39,

     trap_op3     = 0x3a,

     flush_op3    = 0x3b,

     save_op3     = 0x3c,

     restore_op3  = 0x3d,

     done_op3     = 0x3e,

     retry_op3    = 0x3e,

     lduw_op3     = 0x00,

     ldub_op3     = 0x01,

     lduh_op3     = 0x02,

     ldd_op3      = 0x03,

     stw_op3      = 0x04,

     stb_op3      = 0x05,

     sth_op3      = 0x06,

     std_op3      = 0x07,

     ldsw_op3     = 0x08,

     ldsb_op3     = 0x09,

     ldsh_op3     = 0x0a,

     ldx_op3      = 0x0b,

     ldstub_op3   = 0x0d,

     stx_op3      = 0x0e,

     swap_op3     = 0x0f,

     lduwa_op3    = 0x10,

     ldxa_op3     = 0x1b,

     stwa_op3     = 0x14,

     stxa_op3     = 0x1e,

     ldf_op3      = 0x20,

     ldfsr_op3    = 0x21,

     ldqf_op3     = 0x22,

     lddf_op3     = 0x23,

     stf_op3      = 0x24,

     stfsr_op3    = 0x25,

     stqf_op3     = 0x26,

     stdf_op3     = 0x27,

     prefetch_op3 = 0x2d,

     ldc_op3      = 0x30,

     ldcsr_op3    = 0x31,

     lddc_op3     = 0x33,

     stc_op3      = 0x34,

     stcsr_op3    = 0x35,

     stdcq_op3    = 0x36,

     stdc_op3     = 0x37,

     casa_op3     = 0x3c,

     casxa_op3    = 0x3e,

     alt_bit_op3  = 0x10,

      cc_bit_op3  = 0x10

   };

   enum opfs {

     // selected opfs

     fmovs_opf   = 0x01,

     fmovd_opf   = 0x02,

     fnegs_opf   = 0x05,

     fnegd_opf   = 0x06,

     fadds_opf   = 0x41,

     faddd_opf   = 0x42,

     fsubs_opf   = 0x45,

     fsubd_opf   = 0x46,

     fmuls_opf   = 0x49,

     fmuld_opf   = 0x4a,

     fdivs_opf   = 0x4d,

     fdivd_opf   = 0x4e,

     fcmps_opf   = 0x51,

     fcmpd_opf   = 0x52,

     fstox_opf   = 0x81,

     fdtox_opf   = 0x82,

     fxtos_opf   = 0x84,

     fxtod_opf   = 0x88,

     fitos_opf   = 0xc4,

     fdtos_opf   = 0xc6,

     fitod_opf   = 0xc8,

     fstod_opf   = 0xc9,

     fstoi_opf   = 0xd1,

     fdtoi_opf   = 0xd2

   };

   enum RCondition {  rc_z = 1,  rc_lez = 2,  rc_lz = 3, rc_nz = 5, rc_gz = 6, rc_gez = 7  };

   enum Condition {

      // for FBfcc & FBPfcc instruction

     f_never                     = 0,

     f_notEqual                  = 1,

     f_notZero                   = 1,

     f_lessOrGreater             = 2,

     f_unorderedOrLess           = 3,

     f_less                      = 4,

     f_unorderedOrGreater        = 5,

     f_greater                   = 6,

     f_unordered                 = 7,

     f_always                    = 8,

     f_equal                     = 9,

     f_zero                      = 9,

     f_unorderedOrEqual          = 10,

     f_greaterOrEqual            = 11,

     f_unorderedOrGreaterOrEqual = 12,

     f_lessOrEqual               = 13,

     f_unorderedOrLessOrEqual    = 14,

     f_ordered                   = 15,

     // V8 coproc, pp 123 v8 manual

     cp_always  = 8,

     cp_never   = 0,

     cp_3       = 7,

     cp_2       = 6,

     cp_2or3    = 5,

     cp_1       = 4,

     cp_1or3    = 3,

     cp_1or2    = 2,

     cp_1or2or3 = 1,

     cp_0       = 9,

     cp_0or3    = 10,

     cp_0or2    = 11,

     cp_0or2or3 = 12,

     cp_0or1    = 13,

     cp_0or1or3 = 14,

     cp_0or1or2 = 15,

     // for integers

     never                 =  0,

     equal                 =  1,

     zero                  =  1,

     lessEqual             =  2,

     less                  =  3,

     lessEqualUnsigned     =  4,

     lessUnsigned          =  5,

     carrySet              =  5,

     negative              =  6,

     overflowSet           =  7,

     always                =  8,

     notEqual              =  9,

     notZero               =  9,

     greater               =  10,

     greaterEqual          =  11,

     greaterUnsigned       =  12,

     greaterEqualUnsigned  =  13,

     carryClear            =  13,

     positive              =  14,

     overflowClear         =  15

   };

   enum CC {

     icc  = 0,  xcc  = 2,

     // ptr_cc is the correct condition code for a pointer or intptr_t:

     ptr_cc = NOT_LP64(icc) LP64_ONLY(xcc),

     fcc0 = 0,  fcc1 = 1, fcc2 = 2, fcc3 = 3

   };

   enum PrefetchFcn {

     severalReads = 0,  oneRead = 1,  severalWritesAndPossiblyReads = 2, oneWrite = 3, page = 4

   };

  public:

   // Helper functions for groups of instructions

   enum Predict { pt = 1, pn = 0 }; // pt = predict taken

   enum Membar_mask_bits { // page 184, v9

     StoreStore = 1 << 3,

     LoadStore  = 1 << 2,

     StoreLoad  = 1 << 1,

     LoadLoad   = 1 << 0,

     Sync       = 1 << 6,

     MemIssue   = 1 << 5,

     Lookaside  = 1 << 4

   };

   // test if x is within signed immediate range for nbits

   static bool is_simm(int x, int nbits) { return -( 1 << nbits-1 )  <= x   &&   x  <  ( 1 << nbits-1 ); }

   // test if -4096 <= x <= 4095

   static bool is_simm13(int x) { return is_simm(x, 13); }

   enum ASIs { // page 72, v9

     ASI_PRIMARY        = 0x80,

     ASI_PRIMARY_LITTLE = 0x88

     // add more from book as needed

   };

  protected:

   // helpers

   // x is supposed to fit in a field "nbits" wide

   // and be sign-extended. Check the range.

   static void assert_signed_range(intptr_t x, int nbits) {

     assert( nbits == 32

         ||  -(1 << nbits-1) <= x  &&  x < ( 1 << nbits-1),

       "value out of range");

   }

   static void assert_signed_word_disp_range(intptr_t x, int nbits) {

     assert( (x & 3) == 0, "not word aligned");

     assert_signed_range(x, nbits + 2);

   }

   static void assert_unsigned_const(int x, int nbits) {

     assert( juint(x)  <  juint(1 << nbits), "unsigned constant out of range");

   }

   // fields: note bits numbered from LSB = 0,

   //  fields known by inclusive bit range

   static int fmask(juint hi_bit, juint lo_bit) {

     assert( hi_bit >= lo_bit  &&  0 <= lo_bit  &&  hi_bit < 32, "bad bits");

     return (1 << ( hi_bit-lo_bit + 1 )) - 1;

   }

   // inverse of u_field

   static int inv_u_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {

     juint r = juint(x) >> lo_bit;

     r &= fmask( hi_bit, lo_bit);

     return int(r);

   }

   // signed version: extract from field and sign-extend

   static int inv_s_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {

     int sign_shift = 31 - hi_bit;

     return inv_u_field( ((x << sign_shift) >> sign_shift), hi_bit, lo_bit);

   }

   // given a field that ranges from hi_bit to lo_bit (inclusive,

   // LSB = 0), and an unsigned value for the field,

   // shift it into the field

 #ifdef ASSERT

   static int u_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {

     assert( ( x & ~fmask(hi_bit, lo_bit))  == 0,

             "value out of range");

     int r = x << lo_bit;

     assert( inv_u_field(r, hi_bit, lo_bit) == x, "just checking");

     return r;

   }

 #else

   // make sure this is inlined as it will reduce code size significantly

   #define u_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit)   ((x) << (lo_bit))

 #endif

   static int inv_op(  int x ) { return inv_u_field(x, 31, 30); }

   static int inv_op2( int x ) { return inv_u_field(x, 24, 22); }

   static int inv_op3( int x ) { return inv_u_field(x, 24, 19); }

   static int inv_cond( int x ){ return inv_u_field(x, 28, 25); }

   static bool inv_immed( int x ) { return (x & Assembler::immed(true)) != 0; }

   static Register inv_rd(  int x ) { return as_Register(inv_u_field(x, 29, 25)); }

   static Register inv_rs1( int x ) { return as_Register(inv_u_field(x, 18, 14)); }

   static Register inv_rs2( int x ) { return as_Register(inv_u_field(x,  4,  0)); }

   static int op(       int         x)  { return  u_field(x,             31, 30); }

   static int rd(       Register    r)  { return  u_field(r->encoding(), 29, 25); }

   static int fcn(      int         x)  { return  u_field(x,             29, 25); }

   static int op3(      int         x)  { return  u_field(x,             24, 19); }

   static int rs1(      Register    r)  { return  u_field(r->encoding(), 18, 14); }

   static int rs2(      Register    r)  { return  u_field(r->encoding(),  4,  0); }

   static int annul(    bool        a)  { return  u_field(a ? 1 : 0,     29, 29); }

   static int cond(     int         x)  { return  u_field(x,             28, 25); }

   static int cond_mov( int         x)  { return  u_field(x,             17, 14); }

   static int rcond(    RCondition  x)  { return  u_field(x,             12, 10); }

   static int op2(      int         x)  { return  u_field(x,             24, 22); }

   static int predict(  bool        p)  { return  u_field(p ? 1 : 0,     19, 19); }

   static int branchcc( CC       fcca)  { return  u_field(fcca,          21, 20); }

   static int cmpcc(    CC       fcca)  { return  u_field(fcca,          26, 25); }

   static int imm_asi(  int         x)  { return  u_field(x,             12,  5); }

   static int immed(    bool        i)  { return  u_field(i ? 1 : 0,     13, 13); }

   static int opf_low6( int         w)  { return  u_field(w,             10,  5); }

   static int opf_low5( int         w)  { return  u_field(w,              9,  5); }

   static int trapcc(   CC         cc)  { return  u_field(cc,            12, 11); }

   static int sx(       int         i)  { return  u_field(i,             12, 12); } // shift x=1 means 64-bit

   static int opf(      int         x)  { return  u_field(x,             13,  5); }

   static int opf_cc(   CC          c, bool useFloat ) { return u_field((useFloat ? 0 : 4) + c, 13, 11); }

   static int mov_cc(   CC          c, bool useFloat ) { return u_field(useFloat ? 0 : 1,  18, 18) | u_field(c, 12, 11); }

   static int fd( FloatRegister r,  FloatRegisterImpl::Width fwa) { return u_field(r->encoding(fwa), 29, 25); };

   static int fs1(FloatRegister r,  FloatRegisterImpl::Width fwa) { return u_field(r->encoding(fwa), 18, 14); };

   static int fs2(FloatRegister r,  FloatRegisterImpl::Width fwa) { return u_field(r->encoding(fwa),  4,  0); };

   // some float instructions use this encoding on the op3 field

   static int alt_op3(int op, FloatRegisterImpl::Width w) {

     int r;

     switch(w) {

      case FloatRegisterImpl::S: r = op + 0;  break;

      case FloatRegisterImpl::D: r = op + 3;  break;

      case FloatRegisterImpl::Q: r = op + 2;  break;

      default: ShouldNotReachHere(); break;

     }

     return op3(r);

   }

   // compute inverse of simm

   static int inv_simm(int x, int nbits) {

     return (int)(x << (32 - nbits)) >> (32 - nbits);

   }

   static int inv_simm13( int x ) { return inv_simm(x, 13); }

   // signed immediate, in low bits, nbits long

   static int simm(int x, int nbits) {

     assert_signed_range(x, nbits);

     return x  &  (( 1 << nbits ) - 1);

   }

   // compute inverse of wdisp16

   static intptr_t inv_wdisp16(int x, intptr_t pos) {

     int lo = x & (( 1 << 14 ) - 1);

     int hi = (x >> 20) & 3;

     if (hi >= 2) hi |= ~1;

     return (((hi << 14) | lo) << 2) + pos;

   }

   // word offset, 14 bits at LSend, 2 bits at B21, B20

   static int wdisp16(intptr_t x, intptr_t off) {

     intptr_t xx = x - off;

     assert_signed_word_disp_range(xx, 16);

     int r =  (xx >> 2) & ((1 << 14) - 1)

            |  (  ( (xx>>(2+14)) & 3 )  <<  20 );

     assert( inv_wdisp16(r, off) == x,  "inverse is not inverse");

     return r;

   }

   // word displacement in low-order nbits bits

   static intptr_t inv_wdisp( int x, intptr_t pos, int nbits ) {

     int pre_sign_extend = x & (( 1 << nbits ) - 1);

     int r =  pre_sign_extend >= ( 1 << (nbits-1) )

        ?   pre_sign_extend | ~(( 1 << nbits ) - 1)

        :   pre_sign_extend;

     return (r << 2) + pos;

   }

   static int wdisp( intptr_t x, intptr_t off, int nbits ) {

     intptr_t xx = x - off;

     assert_signed_word_disp_range(xx, nbits);

     int r =  (xx >> 2) & (( 1 << nbits ) - 1);

     assert( inv_wdisp( r, off, nbits )  ==  x, "inverse not inverse");

     return r;

   }

   // Extract the top 32 bits in a 64 bit word

   static int32_t hi32( int64_t x ) {

     int32_t r = int32_t( (uint64_t)x >> 32 );

     return r;

   }

   // given a sethi instruction, extract the constant, left-justified

   static int inv_hi22( int x ) {

     return x << 10;

   }

   // create an imm22 field, given a 32-bit left-justified constant

   static int hi22( int x ) {

     int r = int( juint(x) >> 10 );

     assert( (r & ~((1 << 22) - 1))  ==  0, "just checkin'");

     return r;

   }

   // create a low10 __value__ (not a field) for a given a 32-bit constant

   static int low10( int x ) {

     return x & ((1 << 10) - 1);

   }

   // instruction only in v9

   static void v9_only() { assert( VM_Version::v9_instructions_work(), "This instruction only works on SPARC V9"); }

   // instruction only in v8

   static void v8_only() { assert( VM_Version::v8_instructions_work(), "This instruction only works on SPARC V8"); }

   // instruction deprecated in v9

   static void v9_dep()  { } // do nothing for now

   // some float instructions only exist for single prec. on v8

   static void v8_s_only(FloatRegisterImpl::Width w)  { if (w != FloatRegisterImpl::S)  v9_only(); }

   // v8 has no CC field

   static void v8_no_cc(CC cc)  { if (cc)  v9_only(); }

  protected:

   // Simple delay-slot scheme:

   // In order to check the programmer, the assembler keeps track of deley slots.

   // It forbids CTIs in delay slots (conservative, but should be OK).

   // Also, when putting an instruction into a delay slot, you must say

   // asm->delayed()->add(...), in order to check that you don't omit

   // delay-slot instructions.

   // To implement this, we use a simple FSA

 #ifdef ASSERT

   #define CHECK_DELAY

 #endif

 #ifdef CHECK_DELAY

   enum Delay_state { no_delay, at_delay_slot, filling_delay_slot } delay_state;

 #endif

  public:

   // Tells assembler next instruction must NOT be in delay slot.

   // Use at start of multinstruction macros.

   void assert_not_delayed() {

     // This is a separate overloading to avoid creation of string constants

     // in non-asserted code--with some compilers this pollutes the object code.

 #ifdef CHECK_DELAY

     assert_not_delayed("next instruction should not be a delay slot");

 #endif

   }

   void assert_not_delayed(const char* msg) {

 #ifdef CHECK_DELAY

     assert_msg ( delay_state == no_delay, msg);

 #endif

   }

  protected:

   // Delay slot helpers

   // cti is called when emitting control-transfer instruction,

   // BEFORE doing the emitting.

   // Only effective when assertion-checking is enabled.

   void cti() {

 #ifdef CHECK_DELAY

     assert_not_delayed("cti should not be in delay slot");

 #endif

   }

   // called when emitting cti with a delay slot, AFTER emitting

   void has_delay_slot() {

 #ifdef CHECK_DELAY

     assert_not_delayed("just checking");

     delay_state = at_delay_slot;

 #endif

   }

 public:

   // Tells assembler you know that next instruction is delayed

   Assembler* delayed() {

 #ifdef CHECK_DELAY

     assert ( delay_state == at_delay_slot, "delayed instruction is not in delay slot");

     delay_state = filling_delay_slot;

 #endif

     return this;

   }

   void flush() {

 #ifdef CHECK_DELAY

     assert ( delay_state == no_delay, "ending code with a delay slot");

 #endif

     AbstractAssembler::flush();

   }

   inline void emit_long(int);  // shadows AbstractAssembler::emit_long

   inline void emit_data(int x) { emit_long(x); }

   inline void emit_data(int, RelocationHolder const&);

   inline void emit_data(int, relocInfo::relocType rtype);

   // helper for above fcns

   inline void check_delay();

  public:

   // instructions, refer to page numbers in the SPARC Architecture Manual, V9

   // pp 135 (addc was addx in v8)

   inline void add(    Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void add(    Register s1, int simm13a, Register d, relocInfo::relocType rtype = relocInfo::none);

   inline void add(    Register s1, int simm13a, Register d, RelocationHolder const& rspec);

   inline void add(    Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d, int offset = 0);

   inline void add(    const Address&  a,                  Register d, int offset = 0);

   void addcc(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(add_op3  | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void addcc(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(add_op3  | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void addc(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(addc_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void addc(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(addc_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void addccc( Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(addc_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void addccc( Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(addc_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 136

   inline void bpr( RCondition c, bool a, Predict p, Register s1, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void bpr( RCondition c, bool a, Predict p, Register s1, Label& L);

  protected: // use MacroAssembler::br instead

   // pp 138

   inline void fb( Condition c, bool a, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void fb( Condition c, bool a, Label& L );

   // pp 141

   inline void fbp( Condition c, bool a, CC cc, Predict p, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void fbp( Condition c, bool a, CC cc, Predict p, Label& L );

  public:

   // pp 144

   inline void br( Condition c, bool a, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void br( Condition c, bool a, Label& L );

   // pp 146

   inline void bp( Condition c, bool a, CC cc, Predict p, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void bp( Condition c, bool a, CC cc, Predict p, Label& L );

   // pp 121 (V8)

   inline void cb( Condition c, bool a, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void cb( Condition c, bool a, Label& L );

   // pp 149

   inline void call( address d,  relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::runtime_call_type );

   inline void call( Label& L,   relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::runtime_call_type );

   // pp 150

   // These instructions compare the contents of s2 with the contents of

   // memory at address in s1. If the values are equal, the contents of memory

   // at address s1 is swapped with the data in d. If the values are not equal,

   // the the contents of memory at s1 is loaded into d, without the swap.

   void casa(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d, int ia = -1 ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(casa_op3 ) | rs1(s1) | (ia == -1  ? immed(true) : imm_asi(ia)) | rs2(s2)); }

   void casxa( Register s1, Register s2, Register d, int ia = -1 ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(casxa_op3) | rs1(s1) | (ia == -1  ? immed(true) : imm_asi(ia)) | rs2(s2)); }

   // pp 152

   void udiv(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(udiv_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2)); }

   void udiv(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(udiv_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void sdiv(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sdiv_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2)); }

   void sdiv(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sdiv_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void udivcc( Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(udiv_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2)); }

   void udivcc( Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(udiv_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void sdivcc( Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sdiv_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2)); }

   void sdivcc( Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sdiv_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 155

   void done()  { v9_only();  cti();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fcn(0) | op3(done_op3) ); }

   void retry() { v9_only();  cti();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fcn(1) | op3(retry_op3) ); }

   // pp 156

   void fadd( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s1, FloatRegister s2, FloatRegister d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | fs1(s1, w) | opf(0x40 + w) | fs2(s2, w)); }

   void fsub( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s1, FloatRegister s2, FloatRegister d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | fs1(s1, w) | opf(0x44 + w) | fs2(s2, w)); }

   // pp 157

   void fcmp(  FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, CC cc, FloatRegister s1, FloatRegister s2) { v8_no_cc(cc);  emit_long( op(arith_op) | cmpcc(cc) | op3(fpop2_op3) | fs1(s1, w) | opf(0x50 + w) | fs2(s2, w)); }

   void fcmpe( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, CC cc, FloatRegister s1, FloatRegister s2) { v8_no_cc(cc);  emit_long( op(arith_op) | cmpcc(cc) | op3(fpop2_op3) | fs1(s1, w) | opf(0x54 + w) | fs2(s2, w)); }

   // pp 159

   void ftox( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0x80 + w) | fs2(s, w)); }

   void ftoi( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d ) {             emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0xd0 + w) | fs2(s, w)); }

   // pp 160

   void ftof( FloatRegisterImpl::Width sw, FloatRegisterImpl::Width dw, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, dw) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0xc0 + sw + dw*4) | fs2(s, sw)); }

   // pp 161

   void fxtof( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0x80 + w*4) | fs2(s, w)); }

   void fitof( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d ) {             emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0xc0 + w*4) | fs2(s, w)); }

   // pp 162

   void fmov( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d ) { v8_s_only(w);  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0x00 + w) | fs2(s, w)); }

   void fneg( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d ) { v8_s_only(w);  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0x04 + w) | fs2(s, w)); }

   // page 144 sparc v8 architecture (double prec works on v8 if the source and destination registers are the same). fnegs is the only instruction available

   // on v8 to do negation of single, double and quad precision floats.

   void fneg( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister sd ) { if (VM_Version::v9_instructions_work()) emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(sd, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0x04 + w) | fs2(sd, w)); else emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(sd, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) |  opf(0x05) | fs2(sd, w)); }

   void fabs( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d ) { v8_s_only(w);  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0x08 + w) | fs2(s, w)); }

   // page 144 sparc v8 architecture (double prec works on v8 if the source and destination registers are the same). fabss is the only instruction available

   // on v8 to do abs operation on single/double/quad precision floats.

   void fabs( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister sd ) { if (VM_Version::v9_instructions_work()) emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(sd, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0x08 + w) | fs2(sd, w)); else emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(sd, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0x09) | fs2(sd, w)); }

   // pp 163

   void fmul( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w,                            FloatRegister s1, FloatRegister s2, FloatRegister d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w)  | op3(fpop1_op3) | fs1(s1, w)  | opf(0x48 + w)         | fs2(s2, w)); }

   void fmul( FloatRegisterImpl::Width sw, FloatRegisterImpl::Width dw,  FloatRegister s1, FloatRegister s2, FloatRegister d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, dw) | op3(fpop1_op3) | fs1(s1, sw) | opf(0x60 + sw + dw*4) | fs2(s2, sw)); }

   void fdiv( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w,                            FloatRegister s1, FloatRegister s2, FloatRegister d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w)  | op3(fpop1_op3) | fs1(s1, w)  | opf(0x4c + w)         | fs2(s2, w)); }

   // pp 164

   void fsqrt( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop1_op3) | opf(0x28 + w) | fs2(s, w)); }

   // pp 165

   inline void flush( Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void flush( Register s1, int simm13a);

   // pp 167

   void flushw() { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | op3(flushw_op3) ); }

   // pp 168

   void illtrap( int const22a) { if (const22a != 0) v9_only();  emit_long( op(branch_op) | u_field(const22a, 21, 0) ); }

   // v8 unimp == illtrap(0)

   // pp 169

   void impdep1( int id1, int const19a ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fcn(id1) | op3(impdep1_op3) | u_field(const19a, 18, 0)); }

   void impdep2( int id1, int const19a ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fcn(id1) | op3(impdep2_op3) | u_field(const19a, 18, 0)); }

   // pp 149 (v8)

   void cpop1( int opc, int cr1, int cr2, int crd ) { v8_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fcn(crd) | op3(impdep1_op3) | u_field(cr1, 18, 14) | opf(opc) | u_field(cr2, 4, 0)); }

   void cpop2( int opc, int cr1, int cr2, int crd ) { v8_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fcn(crd) | op3(impdep2_op3) | u_field(cr1, 18, 14) | opf(opc) | u_field(cr2, 4, 0)); }

   // pp 170

   void jmpl( Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   void jmpl( Register s1, int simm13a, Register d, RelocationHolder const& rspec = RelocationHolder() );

   inline void jmpl( Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0);

   // 171

   inline void ldf(    FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, Register s1, Register s2, FloatRegister d );

   inline void ldf(    FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, Register s1, int simm13a, FloatRegister d );

   inline void ldf(    FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, const Address& a, FloatRegister d, int offset = 0);

   inline void ldfsr(  Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void ldfsr(  Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void ldxfsr( Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void ldxfsr( Register s1, int simm13a);

   // pp 94 (v8)

   inline void ldc(   Register s1, Register s2, int crd );

   inline void ldc(   Register s1, int simm13a, int crd);

   inline void lddc(  Register s1, Register s2, int crd );

   inline void lddc(  Register s1, int simm13a, int crd);

   inline void ldcsr( Register s1, Register s2, int crd );

   inline void ldcsr( Register s1, int simm13a, int crd);

   // 173

   void ldfa(  FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, Register s1, Register s2, int ia, FloatRegister d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | fd(d, w) | alt_op3(ldf_op3 | alt_bit_op3, w) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void ldfa(  FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, Register s1, int simm13a,         FloatRegister d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | fd(d, w) | alt_op3(ldf_op3 | alt_bit_op3, w) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 175, lduw is ld on v8

   inline void ldsb(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void ldsb(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   inline void ldsh(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void ldsh(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   inline void ldsw(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void ldsw(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   inline void ldub(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void ldub(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   inline void lduh(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void lduh(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   inline void lduw(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void lduw(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   inline void ldx(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void ldx(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   inline void ld(    Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void ld(    Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   inline void ldd(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void ldd(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   inline void ldsb( const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void ldsh( const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void ldsw( const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void ldub( const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void lduh( const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void lduw( const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void ldx(  const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void ld(   const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void ldd(  const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void ldub(  Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   inline void ldsb(  Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   inline void lduh(  Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   inline void ldsh(  Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   inline void lduw(  Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   inline void ldsw(  Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   inline void ldx(   Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   inline void ld(    Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   inline void ldd(   Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   // pp 177

   void ldsba(  Register s1, Register s2, int ia, Register d ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldsb_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void ldsba(  Register s1, int simm13a,         Register d ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldsb_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void ldsha(  Register s1, Register s2, int ia, Register d ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldsh_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void ldsha(  Register s1, int simm13a,         Register d ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldsh_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void ldswa(  Register s1, Register s2, int ia, Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldsw_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void ldswa(  Register s1, int simm13a,         Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldsw_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void lduba(  Register s1, Register s2, int ia, Register d ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldub_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void lduba(  Register s1, int simm13a,         Register d ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldub_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void lduha(  Register s1, Register s2, int ia, Register d ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(lduh_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void lduha(  Register s1, int simm13a,         Register d ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(lduh_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void lduwa(  Register s1, Register s2, int ia, Register d ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(lduw_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void lduwa(  Register s1, int simm13a,         Register d ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(lduw_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void ldxa(   Register s1, Register s2, int ia, Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldx_op3  | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void ldxa(   Register s1, int simm13a,         Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldx_op3  | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void ldda(   Register s1, Register s2, int ia, Register d ) { v9_dep();   emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldd_op3  | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void ldda(   Register s1, int simm13a,         Register d ) { v9_dep();   emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldd_op3  | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 179

   inline void ldstub(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void ldstub(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   // pp 180

   void ldstuba( Register s1, Register s2, int ia, Register d ) { emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldstub_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void ldstuba( Register s1, int simm13a,         Register d ) { emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(ldstub_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 181

   void and3(     Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(and_op3               ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void and3(     Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(and_op3               ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void andcc(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(and_op3  | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void andcc(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(and_op3  | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void andn(    Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(andn_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void andn(    Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(andn_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void andncc(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(andn_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void andncc(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(andn_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void or3(      Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(or_op3               ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void or3(      Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(or_op3               ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void orcc(    Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(or_op3   | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void orcc(    Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(or_op3   | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void orn(     Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(orn_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void orn(     Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(orn_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void orncc(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(orn_op3  | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void orncc(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(orn_op3  | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void xor3(     Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(xor_op3              ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void xor3(     Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(xor_op3              ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void xorcc(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(xor_op3  | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void xorcc(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(xor_op3  | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void xnor(    Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(xnor_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void xnor(    Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(xnor_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void xnorcc(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(xnor_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void xnorcc(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(xnor_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 183

   void membar( Membar_mask_bits const7a ) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | op3(membar_op3) | rs1(O7) | immed(true) | u_field( int(const7a), 6, 0)); }

   // pp 185

   void fmov( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, Condition c,  bool floatCC, CC cca, FloatRegister s2, FloatRegister d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop2_op3) | cond_mov(c) | opf_cc(cca, floatCC) | opf_low6(w) | fs2(s2, w)); }

   // pp 189

   void fmov( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, RCondition c, Register s1,  FloatRegister s2, FloatRegister d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fd(d, w) | op3(fpop2_op3) | rs1(s1) | rcond(c) | opf_low5(4 + w) | fs2(s2, w)); }

   // pp 191

   void movcc( Condition c, bool floatCC, CC cca, Register s2, Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(movcc_op3) | mov_cc(cca, floatCC) | cond_mov(c) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void movcc( Condition c, bool floatCC, CC cca, int simm11a, Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(movcc_op3) | mov_cc(cca, floatCC) | cond_mov(c) | immed(true) | simm(simm11a, 11) ); }

   // pp 195

   void movr( RCondition c, Register s1, Register s2,  Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(movr_op3) | rs1(s1) | rcond(c) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void movr( RCondition c, Register s1, int simm10a,  Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(movr_op3) | rs1(s1) | rcond(c) | immed(true) | simm(simm10a, 10) ); }

   // pp 196

   void mulx(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(mulx_op3 ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void mulx(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(mulx_op3 ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void sdivx( Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sdivx_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void sdivx( Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sdivx_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void udivx( Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(udivx_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void udivx( Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(udivx_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 197

   void umul(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(umul_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void umul(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(umul_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void smul(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(smul_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void smul(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(smul_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void umulcc( Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(umul_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void umulcc( Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(umul_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void smulcc( Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(smul_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void smulcc( Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(smul_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 199

   void mulscc(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { v9_dep();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(mulscc_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void mulscc(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { v9_dep();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(mulscc_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 201

   void nop() { emit_long( op(branch_op) | op2(sethi_op2) ); }

   // pp 202

   void popc( Register s,  Register d) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(popc_op3) | rs2(s)); }

   void popc( int simm13a, Register d) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(popc_op3) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13)); }

   // pp 203

   void prefetch(   Register s1, Register s2,         PrefetchFcn f);

   void prefetch(   Register s1, int simm13a,         PrefetchFcn f);

   void prefetcha(  Register s1, Register s2, int ia, PrefetchFcn f ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | fcn(f) | op3(prefetch_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void prefetcha(  Register s1, int simm13a,         PrefetchFcn f ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | fcn(f) | op3(prefetch_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   inline void prefetch(const Address& a, PrefetchFcn F, int offset = 0);

   // pp 208

   // not implementing read privileged register

   inline void rdy(    Register d) { v9_dep();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(rdreg_op3) | u_field(0, 18, 14)); }

   inline void rdccr(  Register d) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(rdreg_op3) | u_field(2, 18, 14)); }

   inline void rdasi(  Register d) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(rdreg_op3) | u_field(3, 18, 14)); }

   inline void rdtick( Register d) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(rdreg_op3) | u_field(4, 18, 14)); } // Spoon!

   inline void rdpc(   Register d) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(rdreg_op3) | u_field(5, 18, 14)); }

   inline void rdfprs( Register d) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(rdreg_op3) | u_field(6, 18, 14)); }

   // pp 213

   inline void rett( Register s1, Register s2);

   inline void rett( Register s1, int simm13a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);

   // pp 214

   void save(    Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(save_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void save(    Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) {

     // make sure frame is at least large enough for the register save area

     assert(-simm13a >= 16 * wordSize, "frame too small");

     emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(save_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) );

   }

   void restore( Register s1 = G0,  Register s2 = G0, Register d = G0 ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(restore_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void restore( Register s1,       int simm13a,      Register d      ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(restore_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 216

   void saved()    { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fcn(0) | op3(saved_op3)); }

   void restored() { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | fcn(1) | op3(saved_op3)); }

   // pp 217

   inline void sethi( int imm22a, Register d, RelocationHolder const& rspec = RelocationHolder() );

   // pp 218

   void sll(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sll_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(0) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void sll(  Register s1, int imm5a,   Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sll_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(0) | immed(true) | u_field(imm5a, 4, 0) ); }

   void srl(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(srl_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(0) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void srl(  Register s1, int imm5a,   Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(srl_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(0) | immed(true) | u_field(imm5a, 4, 0) ); }

   void sra(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sra_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(0) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void sra(  Register s1, int imm5a,   Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sra_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(0) | immed(true) | u_field(imm5a, 4, 0) ); }

   void sllx( Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sll_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void sllx( Register s1, int imm6a,   Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sll_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(1) | immed(true) | u_field(imm6a, 5, 0) ); }

   void srlx( Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(srl_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void srlx( Register s1, int imm6a,   Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(srl_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(1) | immed(true) | u_field(imm6a, 5, 0) ); }

   void srax( Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sra_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void srax( Register s1, int imm6a,   Register d ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sra_op3) | rs1(s1) | sx(1) | immed(true) | u_field(imm6a, 5, 0) ); }

   // pp 220

   void sir( int simm13a ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | fcn(15) | op3(sir_op3) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13)); }

   // pp 221

   void stbar() { emit_long( op(arith_op) | op3(membar_op3) | u_field(15, 18, 14)); }

   // pp 222

   inline void stf(    FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister d, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void stf(    FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister d, Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void stf(    FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister d, const Address& a, int offset = 0);

   inline void stfsr(  Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void stfsr(  Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void stxfsr( Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void stxfsr( Register s1, int simm13a);

   //  pp 224

   void stfa(  FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister d, Register s1, Register s2, int ia ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | fd(d, w) | alt_op3(stf_op3 | alt_bit_op3, w) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void stfa(  FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister d, Register s1, int simm13a         ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | fd(d, w) | alt_op3(stf_op3 | alt_bit_op3, w) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // p 226

   inline void stb(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void stb(  Register d, Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void sth(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void sth(  Register d, Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void stw(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void stw(  Register d, Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void st(   Register d, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void st(   Register d, Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void stx(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void stx(  Register d, Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void std(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void std(  Register d, Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void stb(  Register d, const Address& a, int offset = 0 );

   inline void sth(  Register d, const Address& a, int offset = 0 );

   inline void stw(  Register d, const Address& a, int offset = 0 );

   inline void stx(  Register d, const Address& a, int offset = 0 );

   inline void st(   Register d, const Address& a, int offset = 0 );

   inline void std(  Register d, const Address& a, int offset = 0 );

   inline void stb(  Register d, Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2 );

   inline void sth(  Register d, Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2 );

   inline void stw(  Register d, Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2 );

   inline void stx(  Register d, Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2 );

   inline void std(  Register d, Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2 );

   inline void st(   Register d, Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2 );

   // pp 177

   void stba(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2, int ia ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(stb_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void stba(  Register d, Register s1, int simm13a         ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(stb_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void stha(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2, int ia ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(sth_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void stha(  Register d, Register s1, int simm13a         ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(sth_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void stwa(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2, int ia ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(stw_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void stwa(  Register d, Register s1, int simm13a         ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(stw_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void stxa(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2, int ia ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(stx_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void stxa(  Register d, Register s1, int simm13a         ) { v9_only();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(stx_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void stda(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2, int ia ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(std_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void stda(  Register d, Register s1, int simm13a         ) {             emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(std_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 97 (v8)

   inline void stc(   int crd, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void stc(   int crd, Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void stdc(  int crd, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void stdc(  int crd, Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void stcsr( int crd, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void stcsr( int crd, Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void stdcq( int crd, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void stdcq( int crd, Register s1, int simm13a);

   // pp 230

   void sub(    Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sub_op3              ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void sub(    Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sub_op3              ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void subcc(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sub_op3 | cc_bit_op3 ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void subcc(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(sub_op3 | cc_bit_op3 ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void subc(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(subc_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void subc(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(subc_op3             ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void subccc( Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(subc_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void subccc( Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(subc_op3 | cc_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 231

   inline void swap( Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void swap( Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   inline void swap( Address& a,               Register d, int offset = 0 );

   // pp 232

   void swapa(   Register s1, Register s2, int ia, Register d ) { v9_dep();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(swap_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | imm_asi(ia) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void swapa(   Register s1, int simm13a,         Register d ) { v9_dep();  emit_long( op(ldst_op) | rd(d) | op3(swap_op3 | alt_bit_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 234, note op in book is wrong, see pp 268

   void taddcc(    Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) {            emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(taddcc_op3  ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void taddcc(    Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) {            emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(taddcc_op3  ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void taddcctv(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { v9_dep();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(taddcctv_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void taddcctv(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { v9_dep();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(taddcctv_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 235

   void tsubcc(    Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(tsubcc_op3  ) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void tsubcc(    Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(tsubcc_op3  ) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   void tsubcctv(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(tsubcctv_op3) | rs1(s1) | rs2(s2) ); }

   void tsubcctv(  Register s1, int simm13a, Register d ) { emit_long( op(arith_op) | rd(d) | op3(tsubcctv_op3) | rs1(s1) | immed(true) | simm(simm13a, 13) ); }

   // pp 237

   void trap( Condition c, CC cc, Register s1, Register s2 ) { v8_no_cc(cc);  emit_long( op(arith_op) | cond(c) | op3(trap_op3) | rs1(s1) | trapcc(cc) | rs2(s2)); }

   void trap( Condition c, CC cc, Register s1, int trapa   ) { v8_no_cc(cc);  emit_long( op(arith_op) | cond(c) | op3(trap_op3) | rs1(s1) | trapcc(cc) | immed(true) | u_field(trapa, 6, 0)); }

   // simple uncond. trap

   void trap( int trapa ) { trap( always, icc, G0, trapa ); }

   // pp 239 omit write priv register for now

   inline void wry(    Register d) { v9_dep();  emit_long( op(arith_op) | rs1(d) | op3(wrreg_op3) | u_field(0, 29, 25)); }

   inline void wrccr(Register s) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rs1(s) | op3(wrreg_op3) | u_field(2, 29, 25)); }

   inline void wrccr(Register s, int simm13a) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) |

                                                                            rs1(s) |

                                                                            op3(wrreg_op3) |

                                                                            u_field(2, 29, 25) |

                                                                            u_field(1, 13, 13) |

                                                                            simm(simm13a, 13)); }

   inline void wrasi(  Register d) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rs1(d) | op3(wrreg_op3) | u_field(3, 29, 25)); }

   inline void wrfprs( Register d) { v9_only(); emit_long( op(arith_op) | rs1(d) | op3(wrreg_op3) | u_field(6, 29, 25)); }

   // For a given register condition, return the appropriate condition code

   // Condition (the one you would use to get the same effect after "tst" on

   // the target register.)

   Assembler::Condition reg_cond_to_cc_cond(RCondition in);

   // Creation

   Assembler(CodeBuffer* code) : AbstractAssembler(code) {

 #ifdef CHECK_DELAY

     delay_state = no_delay;

 #endif

   }

   // Testing

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   void test_v9();

   void test_v8_onlys();

 #endif

 };

 class RegistersForDebugging : public StackObj {

  public:

   intptr_t i[8], l[8], o[8], g[8];

   float    f[32];

   double   d[32];

   void print(outputStream* s);

   static int i_offset(int j) { return offset_of(RegistersForDebugging, i[j]); }

   static int l_offset(int j) { return offset_of(RegistersForDebugging, l[j]); }

   static int o_offset(int j) { return offset_of(RegistersForDebugging, o[j]); }

   static int g_offset(int j) { return offset_of(RegistersForDebugging, g[j]); }

   static int f_offset(int j) { return offset_of(RegistersForDebugging, f[j]); }

   static int d_offset(int j) { return offset_of(RegistersForDebugging, d[j / 2]); }

   // gen asm code to save regs

   static void save_registers(MacroAssembler* a);

   // restore global registers in case C code disturbed them

   static void restore_registers(MacroAssembler* a, Register r);

 };

 // MacroAssembler extends Assembler by a few frequently used macros.

 //

 // Most of the standard SPARC synthetic ops are defined here.

 // Instructions for which a 'better' code sequence exists depending

 // on arguments should also go in here.

 #define JMP2(r1, r2) jmp(r1, r2, __FILE__, __LINE__)

 #define JMP(r1, off) jmp(r1, off, __FILE__, __LINE__)

 #define JUMP(a, off)     jump(a, off, __FILE__, __LINE__)

 #define JUMPL(a, d, off) jumpl(a, d, off, __FILE__, __LINE__)

 class MacroAssembler: public Assembler {

  protected:

   // Support for VM calls

   // This is the base routine called by the different versions of call_VM_leaf. The interpreter

   // may customize this version by overriding it for its purposes (e.g., to save/restore

   // additional registers when doing a VM call).

 #ifdef CC_INTERP

   #define VIRTUAL

 #else

   #define VIRTUAL virtual

 #endif

   VIRTUAL void call_VM_leaf_base(Register thread_cache, address entry_point, int number_of_arguments);

   //

   // It is imperative that all calls into the VM are handled via the call_VM macros.

   // They make sure that the stack linkage is setup correctly. call_VM's correspond

   // to ENTRY/ENTRY_X entry points while call_VM_leaf's correspond to LEAF entry points.

   //

   // This is the base routine called by the different versions of call_VM. The interpreter

   // may customize this version by overriding it for its purposes (e.g., to save/restore

   // additional registers when doing a VM call).

   //

   // A non-volatile java_thread_cache register should be specified so

   // that the G2_thread value can be preserved across the call.

   // (If java_thread_cache is noreg, then a slow get_thread call

   // will re-initialize the G2_thread.) call_VM_base returns the register that contains the

   // thread.

   //

   // If no last_java_sp is specified (noreg) than SP will be used instead.

   virtual void call_VM_base(

     Register        oop_result,             // where an oop-result ends up if any; use noreg otherwise

     Register        java_thread_cache,      // the thread if computed before     ; use noreg otherwise

     Register        last_java_sp,           // to set up last_Java_frame in stubs; use noreg otherwise

     address         entry_point,            // the entry point

     int             number_of_arguments,    // the number of arguments (w/o thread) to pop after call

     bool            check_exception=true    // flag which indicates if exception should be checked

   );

   // This routine should emit JVMTI PopFrame and ForceEarlyReturn handling code.

   // The implementation is only non-empty for the InterpreterMacroAssembler,

   // as only the interpreter handles and ForceEarlyReturn PopFrame requests.

   virtual void check_and_handle_popframe(Register scratch_reg);

   virtual void check_and_handle_earlyret(Register scratch_reg);

  public:

   MacroAssembler(CodeBuffer* code) : Assembler(code) {}

   // Support for NULL-checks

   //

   // Generates code that causes a NULL OS exception if the content of reg is NULL.

   // If the accessed location is M[reg + offset] and the offset is known, provide the

   // offset.  No explicit code generation is needed if the offset is within a certain

   // range (0 <= offset <= page_size).

   //

   // %%%%%% Currently not done for SPARC

   void null_check(Register reg, int offset = -1);

   static bool needs_explicit_null_check(intptr_t offset);

   // support for delayed instructions

   MacroAssembler* delayed() { Assembler::delayed();  return this; }

   // branches that use right instruction for v8 vs. v9

   inline void br( Condition c, bool a, Predict p, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void br( Condition c, bool a, Predict p, Label& L );

   inline void fb( Condition c, bool a, Predict p, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void fb( Condition c, bool a, Predict p, Label& L );

   // compares register with zero and branches (V9 and V8 instructions)

   void br_zero( Condition c, bool a, Predict p, Register s1, Label& L);

   // Compares a pointer register with zero and branches on (not)null.

   // Does a test & branch on 32-bit systems and a register-branch on 64-bit.

   void br_null   ( Register s1, bool a, Predict p, Label& L );

   void br_notnull( Register s1, bool a, Predict p, Label& L );

   // These versions will do the most efficient thing on v8 and v9.  Perhaps

   // this is what the routine above was meant to do, but it didn't (and

   // didn't cover both target address kinds.)

   void br_on_reg_cond( RCondition c, bool a, Predict p, Register s1, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   void br_on_reg_cond( RCondition c, bool a, Predict p, Register s1, Label& L);

   inline void bp( Condition c, bool a, CC cc, Predict p, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void bp( Condition c, bool a, CC cc, Predict p, Label& L );

   // Branch that tests xcc in LP64 and icc in !LP64

   inline void brx( Condition c, bool a, Predict p, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void brx( Condition c, bool a, Predict p, Label& L );

   // unconditional short branch

   inline void ba( bool a, Label& L );

   // Branch that tests fp condition codes

   inline void fbp( Condition c, bool a, CC cc, Predict p, address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void fbp( Condition c, bool a, CC cc, Predict p, Label& L );

   // get PC the best way

   inline int get_pc( Register d );

   // Sparc shorthands(pp 85, V8 manual, pp 289 V9 manual)

   inline void cmp(  Register s1, Register s2 ) { subcc( s1, s2, G0 ); }

   inline void cmp(  Register s1, int simm13a ) { subcc( s1, simm13a, G0 ); }

   inline void jmp( Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void jmp( Register s1, int simm13a, RelocationHolder const& rspec = RelocationHolder() );

   inline void call( address d,  relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::runtime_call_type );

   inline void call( Label& L,   relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::runtime_call_type );

   inline void callr( Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void callr( Register s1, int simm13a, RelocationHolder const& rspec = RelocationHolder() );

   // Emits nothing on V8

   inline void iprefetch( address d, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none );

   inline void iprefetch( Label& L);

   inline void tst( Register s ) { orcc( G0, s, G0 ); }

 #ifdef PRODUCT

   inline void ret(  bool trace = TraceJumps )   { if (trace) {

                                                     mov(I7, O7); // traceable register

                                                     JMP(O7, 2 * BytesPerInstWord);

                                                   } else {

                                                     jmpl( I7, 2 * BytesPerInstWord, G0 );

                                                   }

                                                 }

   inline void retl( bool trace = TraceJumps )  { if (trace) JMP(O7, 2 * BytesPerInstWord);

                                                  else jmpl( O7, 2 * BytesPerInstWord, G0 ); }

 #else

   void ret(  bool trace = TraceJumps );

   void retl( bool trace = TraceJumps );

 #endif /* PRODUCT */

   // Required platform-specific helpers for Label::patch_instructions.

   // They _shadow_ the declarations in AbstractAssembler, which are undefined.

   void pd_patch_instruction(address branch, address target);

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   static void pd_print_patched_instruction(address branch);

 #endif

   // sethi Macro handles optimizations and relocations

   void sethi( Address& a, bool ForceRelocatable = false );

   void sethi( intptr_t imm22a, Register d, bool ForceRelocatable = false, RelocationHolder const& rspec = RelocationHolder());

   // compute the size of a sethi/set

   static int  size_of_sethi( address a, bool worst_case = false );

   static int  worst_case_size_of_set();

   // set may be either setsw or setuw (high 32 bits may be zero or sign)

   void set(    intptr_t value, Register d, RelocationHolder const& rspec = RelocationHolder() );

   void setsw(  int value, Register d, RelocationHolder const& rspec = RelocationHolder() );

   void set64(  jlong value, Register d, Register tmp);

   // sign-extend 32 to 64

   inline void signx( Register s, Register d ) { sra( s, G0, d); }

   inline void signx( Register d )             { sra( d, G0, d); }

   inline void not1( Register s, Register d ) { xnor( s, G0, d ); }

   inline void not1( Register d )             { xnor( d, G0, d ); }

   inline void neg( Register s, Register d ) { sub( G0, s, d ); }

   inline void neg( Register d )             { sub( G0, d, d ); }

   inline void cas(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d) { casa( s1, s2, d, ASI_PRIMARY); }

   inline void casx( Register s1, Register s2, Register d) { casxa(s1, s2, d, ASI_PRIMARY); }

   // Functions for isolating 64 bit atomic swaps for LP64

   // cas_ptr will perform cas for 32 bit VM's and casx for 64 bit VM's

   inline void cas_ptr(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d) {

 #ifdef _LP64

     casx( s1, s2, d );

 #else

     cas( s1, s2, d );

 #endif

   }

   // Functions for isolating 64 bit shifts for LP64

   inline void sll_ptr( Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void sll_ptr( Register s1, int imm6a,   Register d );

   inline void sll_ptr( Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   inline void srl_ptr( Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void srl_ptr( Register s1, int imm6a,   Register d );

   // little-endian

   inline void casl(  Register s1, Register s2, Register d) { casa( s1, s2, d, ASI_PRIMARY_LITTLE); }

   inline void casxl( Register s1, Register s2, Register d) { casxa(s1, s2, d, ASI_PRIMARY_LITTLE); }

   inline void inc(   Register d,  int const13 = 1 ) { add(   d, const13, d); }

   inline void inccc( Register d,  int const13 = 1 ) { addcc( d, const13, d); }

   inline void dec(   Register d,  int const13 = 1 ) { sub(   d, const13, d); }

   inline void deccc( Register d,  int const13 = 1 ) { subcc( d, const13, d); }

   inline void btst( Register s1,  Register s2 ) { andcc( s1, s2, G0 ); }

   inline void btst( int simm13a,  Register s )  { andcc( s,  simm13a, G0 ); }

   inline void bset( Register s1,  Register s2 ) { or3( s1, s2, s2 ); }

   inline void bset( int simm13a,  Register s )  { or3( s,  simm13a, s ); }

   inline void bclr( Register s1,  Register s2 ) { andn( s1, s2, s2 ); }

   inline void bclr( int simm13a,  Register s )  { andn( s,  simm13a, s ); }

   inline void btog( Register s1,  Register s2 ) { xor3( s1, s2, s2 ); }

   inline void btog( int simm13a,  Register s )  { xor3( s,  simm13a, s ); }

   inline void clr( Register d ) { or3( G0, G0, d ); }

   inline void clrb( Register s1, Register s2);

   inline void clrh( Register s1, Register s2);

   inline void clr(  Register s1, Register s2);

   inline void clrx( Register s1, Register s2);

   inline void clrb( Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void clrh( Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void clr(  Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void clrx( Register s1, int simm13a);

   // copy & clear upper word

   inline void clruw( Register s, Register d ) { srl( s, G0, d); }

   // clear upper word

   inline void clruwu( Register d ) { srl( d, G0, d); }

   // membar psuedo instruction.  takes into account target memory model.

   inline void membar( Assembler::Membar_mask_bits const7a );

   // returns if membar generates anything.

   inline bool membar_has_effect( Assembler::Membar_mask_bits const7a );

   // mov pseudo instructions

   inline void mov( Register s,  Register d) {

     if ( s != d )    or3( G0, s, d);

     else             assert_not_delayed();  // Put something useful in the delay slot!

   }

   inline void mov_or_nop( Register s,  Register d) {

     if ( s != d )    or3( G0, s, d);

     else             nop();

   }

   inline void mov( int simm13a, Register d) { or3( G0, simm13a, d); }

   // address pseudos: make these names unlike instruction names to avoid confusion

   inline void split_disp(    Address& a, Register temp );

   inline intptr_t load_pc_address( Register reg, int bytes_to_skip );

   inline void load_address(  Address& a, int offset = 0 );

   inline void load_contents( Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void load_ptr_contents( Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void store_contents( Register s, Address& a, int offset = 0 );

   inline void store_ptr_contents( Register s, Address& a, int offset = 0 );

   inline void jumpl_to( Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void jump_to(  Address& a,             int offset = 0 );

   // ring buffer traceable jumps

   void jmp2( Register r1, Register r2, const char* file, int line );

   void jmp ( Register r1, int offset,  const char* file, int line );

   void jumpl( Address& a, Register d, int offset, const char* file, int line );

   void jump ( Address& a,             int offset, const char* file, int line );

   // argument pseudos:

   inline void load_argument( Argument& a, Register  d );

   inline void store_argument( Register s, Argument& a );

   inline void store_ptr_argument( Register s, Argument& a );

   inline void store_float_argument( FloatRegister s, Argument& a );

   inline void store_double_argument( FloatRegister s, Argument& a );

   inline void store_long_argument( Register s, Argument& a );

   // handy macros:

   inline void round_to( Register r, int modulus ) {

     assert_not_delayed();

     inc( r, modulus - 1 );

     and3( r, -modulus, r );

   }

   // --------------------------------------------------

   // Functions for isolating 64 bit loads for LP64

   // ld_ptr will perform ld for 32 bit VM's and ldx for 64 bit VM's

   // st_ptr will perform st for 32 bit VM's and stx for 64 bit VM's

   inline void ld_ptr(   Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void ld_ptr(   Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   inline void ld_ptr(   Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   inline void ld_ptr(  const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void st_ptr(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void st_ptr(  Register d, Register s1, int simm13a);

   inline void st_ptr(  Register d, Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2 );

   inline void st_ptr(  Register d, const Address& a, int offset = 0 );

   // ld_long will perform ld for 32 bit VM's and ldx for 64 bit VM's

   // st_long will perform st for 32 bit VM's and stx for 64 bit VM's

   inline void ld_long( Register s1, Register s2, Register d );

   inline void ld_long( Register s1, int simm13a, Register d );

   inline void ld_long( Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d );

   inline void ld_long( const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 );

   inline void st_long( Register d, Register s1, Register s2 );

   inline void st_long( Register d, Register s1, int simm13a );

   inline void st_long( Register d, Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2 );

   inline void st_long( Register d, const Address& a, int offset = 0 );

   // Loading values by size and signed-ness

   void load_sized_value(Register s1, RegisterOrConstant s2, Register d,

                         int size_in_bytes, bool is_signed);

   // Helpers for address formation.

   // They update the dest in place, whether it is a register or constant.

   // They emit no code at all if src is a constant zero.

   // If dest is a constant and src is a register, the temp argument

   // is required, and becomes the result.

   // If dest is a register and src is a non-simm13 constant,

   // the temp argument is required, and is used to materialize the constant.

   void regcon_inc_ptr( RegisterOrConstant& dest, RegisterOrConstant src,

                        Register temp = noreg );

   void regcon_sll_ptr( RegisterOrConstant& dest, RegisterOrConstant src,

                        Register temp = noreg );

   RegisterOrConstant ensure_rs2(RegisterOrConstant rs2, Register sethi_temp) {

     guarantee(sethi_temp != noreg, "constant offset overflow");

     if (is_simm13(rs2.constant_or_zero()))

       return rs2;               // register or short constant

     set(rs2.as_constant(), sethi_temp);

     return sethi_temp;

   }

   // --------------------------------------------------

  public:

   // traps as per trap.h (SPARC ABI?)

   void breakpoint_trap();

   void breakpoint_trap(Condition c, CC cc = icc);

   void flush_windows_trap();

   void clean_windows_trap();

   void get_psr_trap();

   void set_psr_trap();

   // V8/V9 flush_windows

   void flush_windows();

   // Support for serializing memory accesses between threads

   void serialize_memory(Register thread, Register tmp1, Register tmp2);

   // Stack frame creation/removal

   void enter();

   void leave();

   // V8/V9 integer multiply

   void mult(Register s1, Register s2, Register d);

   void mult(Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   // V8/V9 read and write of condition codes.

   void read_ccr(Register d);

   void write_ccr(Register s);

   // Manipulation of C++ bools

   // These are idioms to flag the need for care with accessing bools but on

   // this platform we assume byte size

   inline void stbool( Register d, const Address& a, int offset = 0 ) { stb(d, a, offset); }

   inline void ldbool( const Address& a, Register d, int offset = 0 ) { ldsb( a, d, offset ); }

   inline void tstbool( Register s ) { tst(s); }

   inline void movbool( bool boolconst, Register d) { mov( (int) boolconst, d); }

   // klass oop manipulations if compressed

   void load_klass(Register src_oop, Register klass);

   void store_klass(Register klass, Register dst_oop);

   void store_klass_gap(Register s, Register dst_oop);

    // oop manipulations

   void load_heap_oop(const Address& s, Register d, int offset = 0);

   void load_heap_oop(Register s1, Register s2, Register d);

   void load_heap_oop(Register s1, int simm13a, Register d);

   void store_heap_oop(Register d, Register s1, Register s2);

   void store_heap_oop(Register d, Register s1, int simm13a);

   void store_heap_oop(Register d, const Address& a, int offset = 0);

   void encode_heap_oop(Register src, Register dst);

   void encode_heap_oop(Register r) {

     encode_heap_oop(r, r);

   }

   void decode_heap_oop(Register src, Register dst);

   void decode_heap_oop(Register r) {

     decode_heap_oop(r, r);

   }

   void encode_heap_oop_not_null(Register r);

   void decode_heap_oop_not_null(Register r);

   void encode_heap_oop_not_null(Register src, Register dst);

   void decode_heap_oop_not_null(Register src, Register dst);

   // Support for managing the JavaThread pointer (i.e.; the reference to

   // thread-local information).

   void get_thread();                                // load G2_thread

   void verify_thread();                             // verify G2_thread contents

   void save_thread   (const Register threache); // save to cache

   void restore_thread(const Register thread_cache); // restore from cache

   // Support for last Java frame (but use call_VM instead where possible)

   void set_last_Java_frame(Register last_java_sp, Register last_Java_pc);

   void reset_last_Java_frame(void);

   // Call into the VM.

   // Passes the thread pointer (in O0) as a prepended argument.

   // Makes sure oop return values are visible to the GC.

   void call_VM(Register oop_result, address entry_point, int number_of_arguments = 0, bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result, address entry_point, Register arg_1, bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result, address entry_point, Register arg_1, Register arg_2, bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result, address entry_point, Register arg_1, Register arg_2, Register arg_3, bool check_exceptions = true);

   // these overloadings are not presently used on SPARC:

   void call_VM(Register oop_result, Register last_java_sp, address entry_point, int number_of_arguments = 0, bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result, Register last_java_sp, address entry_point, Register arg_1, bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result, Register last_java_sp, address entry_point, Register arg_1, Register arg_2, bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM(Register oop_result, Register last_java_sp, address entry_point, Register arg_1, Register arg_2, Register arg_3, bool check_exceptions = true);

   void call_VM_leaf(Register thread_cache, address entry_point, int number_of_arguments = 0);

   void call_VM_leaf(Register thread_cache, address entry_point, Register arg_1);

   void call_VM_leaf(Register thread_cache, address entry_point, Register arg_1, Register arg_2);

   void call_VM_leaf(Register thread_cache, address entry_point, Register arg_1, Register arg_2, Register arg_3);

   void get_vm_result  (Register oop_result);

   void get_vm_result_2(Register oop_result);

   // vm result is currently getting hijacked to for oop preservation

   void set_vm_result(Register oop_result);

   // if call_VM_base was called with check_exceptions=false, then call

   // check_and_forward_exception to handle exceptions when it is safe

   void check_and_forward_exception(Register scratch_reg);

  private:

   // For V8

   void read_ccr_trap(Register ccr_save);

   void write_ccr_trap(Register ccr_save1, Register scratch1, Register scratch2);

 #ifdef ASSERT

   // For V8 debugging.  Uses V8 instruction sequence and checks

   // result with V9 insturctions rdccr and wrccr.

   // Uses Gscatch and Gscatch2

   void read_ccr_v8_assert(Register ccr_save);

   void write_ccr_v8_assert(Register ccr_save);

 #endif // ASSERT

  public:

   // Write to card table for - register is destroyed afterwards.

   void card_table_write(jbyte* byte_map_base, Register tmp, Register obj);

   void card_write_barrier_post(Register store_addr, Register new_val, Register tmp);

 #ifndef SERIALGC

   // Array store and offset

   void g1_write_barrier_pre(Register obj, Register index, int offset, Register tmp, bool preserve_o_regs);

   void g1_write_barrier_post(Register store_addr, Register new_val, Register tmp);

   // May do filtering, depending on the boolean arguments.

   void g1_card_table_write(jbyte* byte_map_base,

                            Register tmp, Register obj, Register new_val,

                            bool region_filter, bool null_filter);

 #endif // SERIALGC

   // pushes double TOS element of FPU stack on CPU stack; pops from FPU stack

   void push_fTOS();

   // pops double TOS element from CPU stack and pushes on FPU stack

   void pop_fTOS();

   void empty_FPU_stack();

   void push_IU_state();

   void pop_IU_state();

   void push_FPU_state();

   void pop_FPU_state();

   void push_CPU_state();

   void pop_CPU_state();

   // if heap base register is used - reinit it with the correct value

   void reinit_heapbase();

   // Debugging

   void _verify_oop(Register reg, const char * msg, const char * file, int line);

   void _verify_oop_addr(Address addr, const char * msg, const char * file, int line);

 #define verify_oop(reg) _verify_oop(reg, "broken oop " #reg, __FILE__, __LINE__)

 #define verify_oop_addr(addr) _verify_oop_addr(addr, "broken oop addr ", __FILE__, __LINE__)

         // only if +VerifyOops

   void verify_FPU(int stack_depth, const char* s = "illegal FPU state");

         // only if +VerifyFPU

   void stop(const char* msg);                          // prints msg, dumps registers and stops execution

   void warn(const char* msg);                          // prints msg, but don't stop

   void untested(const char* what = "");

   void unimplemented(const char* what = "")              { char* b = new char[1024];  sprintf(b, "unimplemented: %s", what);  stop(b); }

   void should_not_reach_here()                   { stop("should not reach here"); }

   void print_CPU_state();

   // oops in code

   Address allocate_oop_address( jobject obj, Register d ); // allocate_index

   Address constant_oop_address( jobject obj, Register d ); // find_index

   inline void set_oop         ( jobject obj, Register d ); // uses allocate_oop_address

   inline void set_oop_constant( jobject obj, Register d ); // uses constant_oop_address

   inline void set_oop         ( Address obj_addr );        // same as load_address

   void set_narrow_oop( jobject obj, Register d );

   // nop padding

   void align(int modulus);

   // declare a safepoint

   void safepoint();

   // factor out part of stop into subroutine to save space

   void stop_subroutine();

   // factor out part of verify_oop into subroutine to save space

   void verify_oop_subroutine();

   // side-door communication with signalHandler in os_solaris.cpp

   static address _verify_oop_implicit_branch[3];

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   static void test();

 #endif

   // convert an incoming arglist to varargs format; put the pointer in d

   void set_varargs( Argument a, Register d );

   int total_frame_size_in_bytes(int extraWords);

   // used when extraWords known statically

   void save_frame(int extraWords);

   void save_frame_c1(int size_in_bytes);

   // make a frame, and simultaneously pass up one or two register value

   // into the new register window

   void save_frame_and_mov(int extraWords, Register s1, Register d1, Register s2 = Register(), Register d2 = Register());

   // give no. (outgoing) params, calc # of words will need on frame

   void calc_mem_param_words(Register Rparam_words, Register Rresult);

   // used to calculate frame size dynamically

   // result is in bytes and must be negated for save inst

   void calc_frame_size(Register extraWords, Register resultReg);

   // calc and also save

   void calc_frame_size_and_save(Register extraWords, Register resultReg);

   static void debug(char* msg, RegistersForDebugging* outWindow);

   // implementations of bytecodes used by both interpreter and compiler

   void lcmp( Register Ra_hi, Register Ra_low,

              Register Rb_hi, Register Rb_low,

              Register Rresult);

   void lneg( Register Rhi, Register Rlow );

   void lshl(  Register Rin_high,  Register Rin_low,  Register Rcount,

               Register Rout_high, Register Rout_low, Register Rtemp );

   void lshr(  Register Rin_high,  Register Rin_low,  Register Rcount,

               Register Rout_high, Register Rout_low, Register Rtemp );

   void lushr( Register Rin_high,  Register Rin_low,  Register Rcount,

               Register Rout_high, Register Rout_low, Register Rtemp );

 #ifdef _LP64

   void lcmp( Register Ra, Register Rb, Register Rresult);

 #endif

   void float_cmp( bool is_float, int unordered_result,

                   FloatRegister Fa, FloatRegister Fb,

                   Register Rresult);

   void fneg( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d);

   void fneg( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister sd ) { Assembler::fneg(w, sd); }

   void fmov( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d);

   void fabs( FloatRegisterImpl::Width w, FloatRegister s, FloatRegister d);

   void save_all_globals_into_locals();

   void restore_globals_from_locals();

   void casx_under_lock(Register top_ptr_reg, Register top_reg, Register ptr_reg,

     address lock_addr=0, bool use_call_vm=false);

   void cas_under_lock(Register top_ptr_reg, Register top_reg, Register ptr_reg,

     address lock_addr=0, bool use_call_vm=false);

   void casn (Register addr_reg, Register cmp_reg, Register set_reg) ;

   // These set the icc condition code to equal if the lock succeeded

   // and notEqual if it failed and requires a slow case

   void compiler_lock_object(Register Roop, Register Rmark, Register Rbox,

                             Register Rscratch,

                             BiasedLockingCounters* counters = NULL,

                             bool try_bias = UseBiasedLocking);

   void compiler_unlock_object(Register Roop, Register Rmark, Register Rbox,

                               Register Rscratch,

                               bool try_bias = UseBiasedLocking);

   // Biased locking support

   // Upon entry, lock_reg must point to the lock record on the stack,

   // obj_reg must contain the target object, and mark_reg must contain

   // the target object's header.

   // Destroys mark_reg if an attempt is made to bias an anonymously

   // biased lock. In this case a failure will go either to the slow

   // case or fall through with the notEqual condition code set with

   // the expectation that the slow case in the runtime will be called.

   // In the fall-through case where the CAS-based lock is done,

   // mark_reg is not destroyed.

   void biased_locking_enter(Register obj_reg, Register mark_reg, Register temp_reg,

                             Label& done, Label* slow_case = NULL,

                             BiasedLockingCounters* counters = NULL);

   // Upon entry, the base register of mark_addr must contain the oop.

   // Destroys temp_reg.

   // If allow_delay_slot_filling is set to true, the next instruction

   // emitted after this one will go in an annulled delay slot if the

   // biased locking exit case failed.

   void biased_locking_exit(Address mark_addr, Register temp_reg, Label& done, bool allow_delay_slot_filling = false);

   // allocation

   void eden_allocate(

     Register obj,                      // result: pointer to object after successful allocation

     Register var_size_in_bytes,        // object size in bytes if unknown at compile time; invalid otherwise

     int      con_size_in_bytes,        // object size in bytes if   known at compile time

     Register t1,                       // temp register

     Register t2,                       // temp register

     Label&   slow_case                 // continuation point if fast allocation fails

   );

   void tlab_allocate(

     Register obj,                      // result: pointer to object after successful allocation

     Register var_size_in_bytes,        // object size in bytes if unknown at compile time; invalid otherwise

     int      con_size_in_bytes,        // object size in bytes if   known at compile time

     Register t1,                       // temp register

     Label&   slow_case                 // continuation point if fast allocation fails

   );

   void tlab_refill(Label& retry_tlab, Label& try_eden, Label& slow_case);

   // interface method calling

   void lookup_interface_method(Register recv_klass,

                                Register intf_klass,

                                RegisterOrConstant itable_index,

                                Register method_result,

                                Register temp_reg, Register temp2_reg,

                                Label& no_such_interface);

   // Test sub_klass against super_klass, with fast and slow paths.

   // The fast path produces a tri-state answer: yes / no / maybe-slow.

   // One of the three labels can be NULL, meaning take the fall-through.

   // If super_check_offset is -1, the value is loaded up from super_klass.

   // No registers are killed, except temp_reg and temp2_reg.

   // If super_check_offset is not -1, temp2_reg is not used and can be noreg.

   void check_klass_subtype_fast_path(Register sub_klass,

                                      Register super_klass,

                                      Register temp_reg,

                                      Register temp2_reg,

                                      Label* L_success,

                                      Label* L_failure,

                                      Label* L_slow_path,

                 RegisterOrConstant super_check_offset = RegisterOrConstant(-1),

                 Register instanceof_hack = noreg);

   // The rest of the type check; must be wired to a corresponding fast path.

   // It does not repeat the fast path logic, so don't use it standalone.

   // The temp_reg can be noreg, if no temps are available.

   // It can also be sub_klass or super_klass, meaning it's OK to kill that one.

   // Updates the sub's secondary super cache as necessary.

   void check_klass_subtype_slow_path(Register sub_klass,

                                      Register super_klass,

                                      Register temp_reg,

                                      Register temp2_reg,

                                      Register temp3_reg,

                                      Register temp4_reg,

                                      Label* L_success,

                                      Label* L_failure);

   // Simplified, combined version, good for typical uses.

   // Falls through on failure.

   void check_klass_subtype(Register sub_klass,

                            Register super_klass,

                            Register temp_reg,

                            Register temp2_reg,

                            Label& L_success);

   // Stack overflow checking

   // Note: this clobbers G3_scratch

   void bang_stack_with_offset(int offset) {

     // stack grows down, caller passes positive offset

     assert(offset > 0, "must bang with negative offset");

     set((-offset)+STACK_BIAS, G3_scratch);

     st(G0, SP, G3_scratch);

   }

   // Writes to stack successive pages until offset reached to check for

   // stack overflow + shadow pages.  Clobbers tsp and scratch registers.

   void bang_stack_size(Register Rsize, Register Rtsp, Register Rscratch);

   virtual RegisterOrConstant delayed_value_impl(intptr_t* delayed_value_addr, Register tmp, int offset);

   void verify_tlab();

   Condition negate_condition(Condition cond);

   // Helper functions for statistics gathering.

   // Conditionally (non-atomically) increments passed counter address, preserving condition codes.

   void cond_inc(Condition cond, address counter_addr, Register Rtemp1, Register Rtemp2);

   // Unconditional increment.

   void inc_counter(address counter_addr, Register Rtemp1, Register Rtemp2);

 #undef VIRTUAL

 };

 /**

  * class SkipIfEqual:

  *

  * Instantiating this class will result in assembly code being output that will

  * jump around any code emitted between the creation of the instance and it's

  * automatic destruction at the end of a scope block, depending on the value of

  * the flag passed to the constructor, which will be checked at run-time.

  */

 class SkipIfEqual : public StackObj {

  private:

   MacroAssembler* _masm;

   Label _label;

  public:

    // 'temp' is a temp register that this object can use (and trash)

    SkipIfEqual(MacroAssembler*, Register temp,

                const bool* flag_addr, Assembler::Condition condition);

    ~SkipIfEqual();

 };

 #ifdef ASSERT

 // On RISC, there's no benefit to verifying instruction boundaries.

 inline bool AbstractAssembler::pd_check_instruction_mark() { return false; }

 #endif