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 /*

  * Copyright (c) 2001, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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  */

 #include "precompiled.hpp"

 #include "code/nmethod.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1BlockOffsetTable.inline.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1OopClosures.inline.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/g1/heapRegion.inline.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/g1/heapRegionBounds.inline.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/g1/heapRegionRemSet.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/g1/heapRegionManager.inline.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/shared/liveRange.hpp"

 #include "memory/genOopClosures.inline.hpp"

 #include "memory/iterator.hpp"

 #include "memory/space.inline.hpp"

 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/orderAccess.inline.hpp"

 PRAGMA_FORMAT_MUTE_WARNINGS_FOR_GCC

 int    HeapRegion::LogOfHRGrainBytes = 0;

 int    HeapRegion::LogOfHRGrainWords = 0;

 size_t HeapRegion::GrainBytes        = 0;

 size_t HeapRegion::GrainWords        = 0;

 size_t HeapRegion::CardsPerRegion    = 0;

 HeapRegionDCTOC::HeapRegionDCTOC(G1CollectedHeap* g1,

                                  HeapRegion* hr, ExtendedOopClosure* cl,

                                  CardTableModRefBS::PrecisionStyle precision,

                                  FilterKind fk) :

   DirtyCardToOopClosure(hr, cl, precision, NULL),

   _hr(hr), _fk(fk), _g1(g1) { }

 FilterOutOfRegionClosure::FilterOutOfRegionClosure(HeapRegion* r,

                                                    OopClosure* oc) :

   _r_bottom(r->bottom()), _r_end(r->end()), _oc(oc) { }

 template<class ClosureType>

 HeapWord* walk_mem_region_loop(ClosureType* cl, G1CollectedHeap* g1h,

                                HeapRegion* hr,

                                HeapWord* cur, HeapWord* top) {

   oop cur_oop = oop(cur);

   size_t oop_size = hr->block_size(cur);

   HeapWord* next_obj = cur + oop_size;

   while (next_obj < top) {

     // Keep filtering the remembered set.

     if (!g1h->is_obj_dead(cur_oop, hr)) {

       // Bottom lies entirely below top, so we can call the

       // non-memRegion version of oop_iterate below.

       cur_oop->oop_iterate(cl);

     }

     cur = next_obj;

     cur_oop = oop(cur);

     oop_size = hr->block_size(cur);

     next_obj = cur + oop_size;

   }

   return cur;

 }

 void HeapRegionDCTOC::walk_mem_region(MemRegion mr,

                                       HeapWord* bottom,

                                       HeapWord* top) {

   G1CollectedHeap* g1h = _g1;

   size_t oop_size;

   ExtendedOopClosure* cl2 = NULL;

   FilterIntoCSClosure intoCSFilt(this, g1h, _cl);

   FilterOutOfRegionClosure outOfRegionFilt(_hr, _cl);

   switch (_fk) {

   case NoFilterKind:          cl2 = _cl; break;

   case IntoCSFilterKind:      cl2 = &intoCSFilt; break;

   case OutOfRegionFilterKind: cl2 = &outOfRegionFilt; break;

   default:                    ShouldNotReachHere();

   }

   // Start filtering what we add to the remembered set. If the object is

   // not considered dead, either because it is marked (in the mark bitmap)

   // or it was allocated after marking finished, then we add it. Otherwise

   // we can safely ignore the object.

   if (!g1h->is_obj_dead(oop(bottom), _hr)) {

     oop_size = oop(bottom)->oop_iterate(cl2, mr);

   } else {

     oop_size = _hr->block_size(bottom);

   }

   bottom += oop_size;

   if (bottom < top) {

     // We replicate the loop below for several kinds of possible filters.

     switch (_fk) {

     case NoFilterKind:

       bottom = walk_mem_region_loop(_cl, g1h, _hr, bottom, top);

       break;

     case IntoCSFilterKind: {

       FilterIntoCSClosure filt(this, g1h, _cl);

       bottom = walk_mem_region_loop(&filt, g1h, _hr, bottom, top);

       break;

     }

     case OutOfRegionFilterKind: {

       FilterOutOfRegionClosure filt(_hr, _cl);

       bottom = walk_mem_region_loop(&filt, g1h, _hr, bottom, top);

       break;

     }

     default:

       ShouldNotReachHere();

     }

     // Last object. Need to do dead-obj filtering here too.

     if (!g1h->is_obj_dead(oop(bottom), _hr)) {

       oop(bottom)->oop_iterate(cl2, mr);

     }

   }

 }

 size_t HeapRegion::max_region_size() {

   return HeapRegionBounds::max_size();

 }

 void HeapRegion::setup_heap_region_size(size_t initial_heap_size, size_t max_heap_size) {

   uintx region_size = G1HeapRegionSize;

   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(G1HeapRegionSize)) {

     size_t average_heap_size = (initial_heap_size + max_heap_size) / 2;

     region_size = MAX2(average_heap_size / HeapRegionBounds::target_number(),

                        (uintx) HeapRegionBounds::min_size());

   }

   int region_size_log = log2_long((jlong) region_size);

   // Recalculate the region size to make sure it's a power of

   // 2. This means that region_size is the largest power of 2 that's

   // <= what we've calculated so far.

   region_size = ((uintx)1 << region_size_log);

   // Now make sure that we don't go over or under our limits.

   if (region_size < HeapRegionBounds::min_size()) {

     region_size = HeapRegionBounds::min_size();

   } else if (region_size > HeapRegionBounds::max_size()) {

     region_size = HeapRegionBounds::max_size();

   }

   // And recalculate the log.

   region_size_log = log2_long((jlong) region_size);

   // Now, set up the globals.

   guarantee(LogOfHRGrainBytes == 0, "we should only set it once");

   LogOfHRGrainBytes = region_size_log;

   guarantee(LogOfHRGrainWords == 0, "we should only set it once");

   LogOfHRGrainWords = LogOfHRGrainBytes - LogHeapWordSize;

   guarantee(GrainBytes == 0, "we should only set it once");

   // The cast to int is safe, given that we've bounded region_size by

   // MIN_REGION_SIZE and MAX_REGION_SIZE.

   GrainBytes = (size_t)region_size;

   guarantee(GrainWords == 0, "we should only set it once");

   GrainWords = GrainBytes >> LogHeapWordSize;

   guarantee((size_t) 1 << LogOfHRGrainWords == GrainWords, "sanity");

   guarantee(CardsPerRegion == 0, "we should only set it once");

   CardsPerRegion = GrainBytes >> CardTableModRefBS::card_shift;

 }

 void HeapRegion::reset_after_compaction() {

   G1OffsetTableContigSpace::reset_after_compaction();

   // After a compaction the mark bitmap is invalid, so we must

   // treat all objects as being inside the unmarked area.

   zero_marked_bytes();

   init_top_at_mark_start();

 }

 void HeapRegion::hr_clear(bool par, bool clear_space, bool locked) {

   assert(_humongous_start_region == NULL,

          "we should have already filtered out humongous regions");

   assert(_end == _orig_end,

          "we should have already filtered out humongous regions");

   _in_collection_set = false;

   set_allocation_context(AllocationContext::system());

   set_young_index_in_cset(-1);

   uninstall_surv_rate_group();

   set_free();

   reset_pre_dummy_top();

   if (!par) {

     // If this is parallel, this will be done later.

     HeapRegionRemSet* hrrs = rem_set();

     if (locked) {

       hrrs->clear_locked();

     } else {

       hrrs->clear();

     }

     _claimed = InitialClaimValue;

   }

   zero_marked_bytes();

   _offsets.resize(HeapRegion::GrainWords);

   init_top_at_mark_start();

   if (clear_space) clear(SpaceDecorator::Mangle);

 }

 void HeapRegion::par_clear() {

   assert(used() == 0, "the region should have been already cleared");

   assert(capacity() == HeapRegion::GrainBytes, "should be back to normal");

   HeapRegionRemSet* hrrs = rem_set();

   hrrs->clear();

   CardTableModRefBS* ct_bs =

                    (CardTableModRefBS*)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->barrier_set();

   ct_bs->clear(MemRegion(bottom(), end()));

 }

 void HeapRegion::calc_gc_efficiency() {

   // GC efficiency is the ratio of how much space would be

   // reclaimed over how long we predict it would take to reclaim it.

   G1CollectedHeap* g1h = G1CollectedHeap::heap();

   G1CollectorPolicy* g1p = g1h->g1_policy();

   // Retrieve a prediction of the elapsed time for this region for

   // a mixed gc because the region will only be evacuated during a

   // mixed gc.

   double region_elapsed_time_ms =

     g1p->predict_region_elapsed_time_ms(this, false /* for_young_gc */);

   _gc_efficiency = (double) reclaimable_bytes() / region_elapsed_time_ms;

 }

 void HeapRegion::set_startsHumongous(HeapWord* new_top, HeapWord* new_end) {

   assert(!isHumongous(), "sanity / pre-condition");

   assert(end() == _orig_end,

          "Should be normal before the humongous object allocation");

   assert(top() == bottom(), "should be empty");

   assert(bottom() <= new_top && new_top <= new_end, "pre-condition");

   _type.set_starts_humongous();

   _humongous_start_region = this;

   set_end(new_end);

   _offsets.set_for_starts_humongous(new_top);

 }

 void HeapRegion::set_continuesHumongous(HeapRegion* first_hr) {

   assert(!isHumongous(), "sanity / pre-condition");

   assert(end() == _orig_end,

          "Should be normal before the humongous object allocation");

   assert(top() == bottom(), "should be empty");

   assert(first_hr->startsHumongous(), "pre-condition");

   _type.set_continues_humongous();

   _humongous_start_region = first_hr;

 }

 void HeapRegion::clear_humongous() {

   assert(isHumongous(), "pre-condition");

   if (startsHumongous()) {

     assert(top() <= end(), "pre-condition");

     set_end(_orig_end);

     if (top() > end()) {

       // at least one "continues humongous" region after it

       set_top(end());

     }

   } else {

     // continues humongous

     assert(end() == _orig_end, "sanity");

   }

   assert(capacity() == HeapRegion::GrainBytes, "pre-condition");

   _humongous_start_region = NULL;

 }

 bool HeapRegion::claimHeapRegion(jint claimValue) {

   jint current = _claimed;

   if (current != claimValue) {

     jint res = Atomic::cmpxchg(claimValue, &_claimed, current);

     if (res == current) {

       return true;

     }

   }

   return false;

 }

 HeapRegion::HeapRegion(uint hrm_index,

                        G1BlockOffsetSharedArray* sharedOffsetArray,

                        MemRegion mr) :

     G1OffsetTableContigSpace(sharedOffsetArray, mr),

     _hrm_index(hrm_index),

     _allocation_context(AllocationContext::system()),

     _humongous_start_region(NULL),

     _in_collection_set(false),

     _next_in_special_set(NULL), _orig_end(NULL),

     _claimed(InitialClaimValue), _evacuation_failed(false),

     _prev_marked_bytes(0), _next_marked_bytes(0), _gc_efficiency(0.0),

     _next_young_region(NULL),

     _next_dirty_cards_region(NULL), _next(NULL), _prev(NULL),

 #ifdef ASSERT

     _containing_set(NULL),

 #endif // ASSERT

      _young_index_in_cset(-1), _surv_rate_group(NULL), _age_index(-1),

     _rem_set(NULL), _recorded_rs_length(0), _predicted_elapsed_time_ms(0),

     _predicted_bytes_to_copy(0)

 {

   _rem_set = new HeapRegionRemSet(sharedOffsetArray, this);

   assert(HeapRegionRemSet::num_par_rem_sets() > 0, "Invariant.");

   initialize(mr);

 }

 void HeapRegion::initialize(MemRegion mr, bool clear_space, bool mangle_space) {

   assert(_rem_set->is_empty(), "Remembered set must be empty");

   G1OffsetTableContigSpace::initialize(mr, clear_space, mangle_space);

   _orig_end = mr.end();

   hr_clear(false /*par*/, false /*clear_space*/);

   set_top(bottom());

   record_top_and_timestamp();

 }

 CompactibleSpace* HeapRegion::next_compaction_space() const {

   return G1CollectedHeap::heap()->next_compaction_region(this);

 }

 void HeapRegion::note_self_forwarding_removal_start(bool during_initial_mark,

                                                     bool during_conc_mark) {

   // We always recreate the prev marking info and we'll explicitly

   // mark all objects we find to be self-forwarded on the prev

   // bitmap. So all objects need to be below PTAMS.

   _prev_marked_bytes = 0;

   if (during_initial_mark) {

     // During initial-mark, we'll also explicitly mark all objects

     // we find to be self-forwarded on the next bitmap. So all

     // objects need to be below NTAMS.

     _next_top_at_mark_start = top();

     _next_marked_bytes = 0;

   } else if (during_conc_mark) {

     // During concurrent mark, all objects in the CSet (including

     // the ones we find to be self-forwarded) are implicitly live.

     // So all objects need to be above NTAMS.

     _next_top_at_mark_start = bottom();

     _next_marked_bytes = 0;

   }

 }

 void HeapRegion::note_self_forwarding_removal_end(bool during_initial_mark,

                                                   bool during_conc_mark,

                                                   size_t marked_bytes) {

   assert(0 <= marked_bytes && marked_bytes <= used(),

          err_msg("marked: "SIZE_FORMAT" used: "SIZE_FORMAT,

                  marked_bytes, used()));

   _prev_top_at_mark_start = top();

   _prev_marked_bytes = marked_bytes;

 }

 HeapWord*

 HeapRegion::object_iterate_mem_careful(MemRegion mr,

                                                  ObjectClosure* cl) {

   G1CollectedHeap* g1h = G1CollectedHeap::heap();

   // We used to use "block_start_careful" here.  But we're actually happy

   // to update the BOT while we do this...

   HeapWord* cur = block_start(mr.start());

   mr = mr.intersection(used_region());

   if (mr.is_empty()) return NULL;

   // Otherwise, find the obj that extends onto mr.start().

   assert(cur <= mr.start()

          && (oop(cur)->klass_or_null() == NULL ||

              cur + oop(cur)->size() > mr.start()),

          "postcondition of block_start");

   oop obj;

   while (cur < mr.end()) {

     obj = oop(cur);

     if (obj->klass_or_null() == NULL) {

       // Ran into an unparseable point.

       return cur;

     } else if (!g1h->is_obj_dead(obj)) {

       cl->do_object(obj);

     }

     if (cl->abort()) return cur;

     // The check above must occur before the operation below, since an

     // abort might invalidate the "size" operation.

     cur += block_size(cur);

   }

   return NULL;

 }

 HeapWord*

 HeapRegion::

 oops_on_card_seq_iterate_careful(MemRegion mr,

                                  FilterOutOfRegionClosure* cl,

                                  bool filter_young,

                                  jbyte* card_ptr) {

   // Currently, we should only have to clean the card if filter_young

   // is true and vice versa.

   if (filter_young) {

     assert(card_ptr != NULL, "pre-condition");

   } else {

     assert(card_ptr == NULL, "pre-condition");

   }

   G1CollectedHeap* g1h = G1CollectedHeap::heap();

   // If we're within a stop-world GC, then we might look at a card in a

   // GC alloc region that extends onto a GC LAB, which may not be

   // parseable.  Stop such at the "saved_mark" of the region.

   if (g1h->is_gc_active()) {

     mr = mr.intersection(used_region_at_save_marks());

   } else {

     mr = mr.intersection(used_region());

   }

   if (mr.is_empty()) return NULL;

   // Otherwise, find the obj that extends onto mr.start().

   // The intersection of the incoming mr (for the card) and the

   // allocated part of the region is non-empty. This implies that

   // we have actually allocated into this region. The code in

   // G1CollectedHeap.cpp that allocates a new region sets the

   // is_young tag on the region before allocating. Thus we

   // safely know if this region is young.

   if (is_young() && filter_young) {

     return NULL;

   }

   assert(!is_young(), "check value of filter_young");

   // We can only clean the card here, after we make the decision that

   // the card is not young. And we only clean the card if we have been

   // asked to (i.e., card_ptr != NULL).

   if (card_ptr != NULL) {

     *card_ptr = CardTableModRefBS::clean_card_val();

     // We must complete this write before we do any of the reads below.

     OrderAccess::storeload();

   }

   // Cache the boundaries of the memory region in some const locals

   HeapWord* const start = mr.start();

   HeapWord* const end = mr.end();

   // We used to use "block_start_careful" here.  But we're actually happy

   // to update the BOT while we do this...

   HeapWord* cur = block_start(start);

   assert(cur <= start, "Postcondition");

   oop obj;

   HeapWord* next = cur;

   while (next <= start) {

     cur = next;

     obj = oop(cur);

     if (obj->klass_or_null() == NULL) {

       // Ran into an unparseable point.

       return cur;

     }

     // Otherwise...

     next = cur + block_size(cur);

   }

   // If we finish the above loop...We have a parseable object that

   // begins on or before the start of the memory region, and ends

   // inside or spans the entire region.

   assert(obj == oop(cur), "sanity");

   assert(cur <= start, "Loop postcondition");

   assert(obj->klass_or_null() != NULL, "Loop postcondition");

   assert((cur + block_size(cur)) > start, "Loop postcondition");

   if (!g1h->is_obj_dead(obj)) {

     obj->oop_iterate(cl, mr);

   }

   while (cur < end) {

     obj = oop(cur);

     if (obj->klass_or_null() == NULL) {

       // Ran into an unparseable point.

       return cur;

     };

     // Otherwise:

     next = cur + block_size(cur);

     if (!g1h->is_obj_dead(obj)) {

       if (next < end || !obj->is_objArray()) {

         // This object either does not span the MemRegion

         // boundary, or if it does it's not an array.

         // Apply closure to whole object.

         obj->oop_iterate(cl);

       } else {

         // This obj is an array that spans the boundary.

         // Stop at the boundary.

         obj->oop_iterate(cl, mr);

       }

     }

     cur = next;

   }

   return NULL;

 }

 // Code roots support

 void HeapRegion::add_strong_code_root(nmethod* nm) {

   HeapRegionRemSet* hrrs = rem_set();

   hrrs->add_strong_code_root(nm);

 }

 void HeapRegion::add_strong_code_root_locked(nmethod* nm) {

   assert_locked_or_safepoint(CodeCache_lock);

   HeapRegionRemSet* hrrs = rem_set();

   hrrs->add_strong_code_root_locked(nm);

 }

 void HeapRegion::remove_strong_code_root(nmethod* nm) {

   HeapRegionRemSet* hrrs = rem_set();

   hrrs->remove_strong_code_root(nm);

 }

 void HeapRegion::strong_code_roots_do(CodeBlobClosure* blk) const {

   HeapRegionRemSet* hrrs = rem_set();

   hrrs->strong_code_roots_do(blk);

 }

 class VerifyStrongCodeRootOopClosure: public OopClosure {

   const HeapRegion* _hr;

   nmethod* _nm;

   bool _failures;

   bool _has_oops_in_region;

   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T* p) {

     T heap_oop = oopDesc::load_heap_oop(p);

     if (!oopDesc::is_null(heap_oop)) {

       oop obj = oopDesc::decode_heap_oop_not_null(heap_oop);

       // Note: not all the oops embedded in the nmethod are in the

       // current region. We only look at those which are.

       if (_hr->is_in(obj)) {

         // Object is in the region. Check that its less than top

         if (_hr->top() <= (HeapWord*)obj) {

           // Object is above top

           gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Object "PTR_FORMAT" in region "

                                  "["PTR_FORMAT", "PTR_FORMAT") is above "

                                  "top "PTR_FORMAT,

                                  (void *)obj, _hr->bottom(), _hr->end(), _hr->top());

           _failures = true;

           return;

         }

         // Nmethod has at least one oop in the current region

         _has_oops_in_region = true;

       }

     }

   }

 public:

   VerifyStrongCodeRootOopClosure(const HeapRegion* hr, nmethod* nm):

     _hr(hr), _failures(false), _has_oops_in_region(false) {}

   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }

   void do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }

   bool failures()           { return _failures; }

   bool has_oops_in_region() { return _has_oops_in_region; }

 };

 class VerifyStrongCodeRootCodeBlobClosure: public CodeBlobClosure {

   const HeapRegion* _hr;

   bool _failures;

 public:

   VerifyStrongCodeRootCodeBlobClosure(const HeapRegion* hr) :

     _hr(hr), _failures(false) {}

   void do_code_blob(CodeBlob* cb) {

     nmethod* nm = (cb == NULL) ? NULL : cb->as_nmethod_or_null();

     if (nm != NULL) {

       // Verify that the nemthod is live

       if (!nm->is_alive()) {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("region ["PTR_FORMAT","PTR_FORMAT"] has dead nmethod "

                                PTR_FORMAT" in its strong code roots",

                                _hr->bottom(), _hr->end(), nm);

         _failures = true;

       } else {

         VerifyStrongCodeRootOopClosure oop_cl(_hr, nm);

         nm->oops_do(&oop_cl);

         if (!oop_cl.has_oops_in_region()) {

           gclog_or_tty->print_cr("region ["PTR_FORMAT","PTR_FORMAT"] has nmethod "

                                  PTR_FORMAT" in its strong code roots "

                                  "with no pointers into region",

                                  _hr->bottom(), _hr->end(), nm);

           _failures = true;

         } else if (oop_cl.failures()) {

           gclog_or_tty->print_cr("region ["PTR_FORMAT","PTR_FORMAT"] has other "

                                  "failures for nmethod "PTR_FORMAT,

                                  _hr->bottom(), _hr->end(), nm);

           _failures = true;

         }

       }

     }

   }

   bool failures()       { return _failures; }

 };

 void HeapRegion::verify_strong_code_roots(VerifyOption vo, bool* failures) const {

   if (!G1VerifyHeapRegionCodeRoots) {

     // We're not verifying code roots.

     return;

   }

   if (vo == VerifyOption_G1UseMarkWord) {

     // Marking verification during a full GC is performed after class

     // unloading, code cache unloading, etc so the strong code roots

     // attached to each heap region are in an inconsistent state. They won't

     // be consistent until the strong code roots are rebuilt after the

     // actual GC. Skip verifying the strong code roots in this particular

     // time.

     assert(VerifyDuringGC, "only way to get here");

     return;

   }

   HeapRegionRemSet* hrrs = rem_set();

   size_t strong_code_roots_length = hrrs->strong_code_roots_list_length();

   // if this region is empty then there should be no entries

   // on its strong code root list

   if (is_empty()) {

     if (strong_code_roots_length > 0) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("region ["PTR_FORMAT","PTR_FORMAT"] is empty "

                              "but has "SIZE_FORMAT" code root entries",

                              bottom(), end(), strong_code_roots_length);

       *failures = true;

     }

     return;

   }

   if (continuesHumongous()) {

     if (strong_code_roots_length > 0) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("region "HR_FORMAT" is a continuation of a humongous "

                              "region but has "SIZE_FORMAT" code root entries",

                              HR_FORMAT_PARAMS(this), strong_code_roots_length);

       *failures = true;

     }

     return;

   }

   VerifyStrongCodeRootCodeBlobClosure cb_cl(this);

   strong_code_roots_do(&cb_cl);

   if (cb_cl.failures()) {

     *failures = true;

   }

 }

 void HeapRegion::print() const { print_on(gclog_or_tty); }

 void HeapRegion::print_on(outputStream* st) const {

   st->print("AC%4u", allocation_context());

   st->print(" %2s", get_short_type_str());

   if (in_collection_set())

     st->print(" CS");

   else

     st->print("   ");

   st->print(" TS %5d", _gc_time_stamp);

   st->print(" PTAMS "PTR_FORMAT" NTAMS "PTR_FORMAT,

             prev_top_at_mark_start(), next_top_at_mark_start());

   G1OffsetTableContigSpace::print_on(st);

 }

 class VerifyLiveClosure: public OopClosure {

 private:

   G1CollectedHeap* _g1h;

   CardTableModRefBS* _bs;

   oop _containing_obj;

   bool _failures;

   int _n_failures;

   VerifyOption _vo;

 public:

   // _vo == UsePrevMarking -> use "prev" marking information,

   // _vo == UseNextMarking -> use "next" marking information,

   // _vo == UseMarkWord    -> use mark word from object header.

   VerifyLiveClosure(G1CollectedHeap* g1h, VerifyOption vo) :

     _g1h(g1h), _bs(NULL), _containing_obj(NULL),

     _failures(false), _n_failures(0), _vo(vo)

   {

     BarrierSet* bs = _g1h->barrier_set();

     if (bs->is_a(BarrierSet::CardTableModRef))

       _bs = (CardTableModRefBS*)bs;

   }

   void set_containing_obj(oop obj) {

     _containing_obj = obj;

   }

   bool failures() { return _failures; }

   int n_failures() { return _n_failures; }

   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }

   virtual void do_oop(      oop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }

   void print_object(outputStream* out, oop obj) {

 #ifdef PRODUCT

     Klass* k = obj->klass();

     const char* class_name = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->external_name();

     out->print_cr("class name %s", class_name);

 #else // PRODUCT

     obj->print_on(out);

 #endif // PRODUCT

   }

   template <class T>

   void do_oop_work(T* p) {

     assert(_containing_obj != NULL, "Precondition");

     assert(!_g1h->is_obj_dead_cond(_containing_obj, _vo),

            "Precondition");

     T heap_oop = oopDesc::load_heap_oop(p);

     if (!oopDesc::is_null(heap_oop)) {

       oop obj = oopDesc::decode_heap_oop_not_null(heap_oop);

       bool failed = false;

       if (!_g1h->is_in_closed_subset(obj) || _g1h->is_obj_dead_cond(obj, _vo)) {

         MutexLockerEx x(ParGCRareEvent_lock,

                         Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

         if (!_failures) {

           gclog_or_tty->cr();

           gclog_or_tty->print_cr("----------");

         }

         if (!_g1h->is_in_closed_subset(obj)) {

           HeapRegion* from = _g1h->heap_region_containing((HeapWord*)p);

           gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Field "PTR_FORMAT

                                  " of live obj "PTR_FORMAT" in region "

                                  "["PTR_FORMAT", "PTR_FORMAT")",

                                  p, (void*) _containing_obj,

                                  from->bottom(), from->end());

           print_object(gclog_or_tty, _containing_obj);

           gclog_or_tty->print_cr("points to obj "PTR_FORMAT" not in the heap",

                                  (void*) obj);

         } else {

           HeapRegion* from = _g1h->heap_region_containing((HeapWord*)p);

           HeapRegion* to   = _g1h->heap_region_containing((HeapWord*)obj);

           gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Field "PTR_FORMAT

                                  " of live obj "PTR_FORMAT" in region "

                                  "["PTR_FORMAT", "PTR_FORMAT")",

                                  p, (void*) _containing_obj,

                                  from->bottom(), from->end());

           print_object(gclog_or_tty, _containing_obj);

           gclog_or_tty->print_cr("points to dead obj "PTR_FORMAT" in region "

                                  "["PTR_FORMAT", "PTR_FORMAT")",

                                  (void*) obj, to->bottom(), to->end());

           print_object(gclog_or_tty, obj);

         }

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("----------");

         gclog_or_tty->flush();

         _failures = true;

         failed = true;

         _n_failures++;

       }

       if (!_g1h->full_collection() || G1VerifyRSetsDuringFullGC) {

         HeapRegion* from = _g1h->heap_region_containing((HeapWord*)p);

         HeapRegion* to   = _g1h->heap_region_containing(obj);

         if (from != NULL && to != NULL &&

             from != to &&

             !to->isHumongous()) {

           jbyte cv_obj = *_bs->byte_for_const(_containing_obj);

           jbyte cv_field = *_bs->byte_for_const(p);

           const jbyte dirty = CardTableModRefBS::dirty_card_val();

           bool is_bad = !(from->is_young()

                           || to->rem_set()->contains_reference(p)

                           || !G1HRRSFlushLogBuffersOnVerify && // buffers were not flushed

                               (_containing_obj->is_objArray() ?

                                   cv_field == dirty

                                : cv_obj == dirty || cv_field == dirty));

           if (is_bad) {

             MutexLockerEx x(ParGCRareEvent_lock,

                             Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

             if (!_failures) {

               gclog_or_tty->cr();

               gclog_or_tty->print_cr("----------");

             }

             gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Missing rem set entry:");

             gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Field "PTR_FORMAT" "

                                    "of obj "PTR_FORMAT", "

                                    "in region "HR_FORMAT,

                                    p, (void*) _containing_obj,

                                    HR_FORMAT_PARAMS(from));

             _containing_obj->print_on(gclog_or_tty);

             gclog_or_tty->print_cr("points to obj "PTR_FORMAT" "

                                    "in region "HR_FORMAT,

                                    (void*) obj,

                                    HR_FORMAT_PARAMS(to));

             obj->print_on(gclog_or_tty);

             gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Obj head CTE = %d, field CTE = %d.",

                           cv_obj, cv_field);

             gclog_or_tty->print_cr("----------");

             gclog_or_tty->flush();

             _failures = true;

             if (!failed) _n_failures++;

           }

         }

       }

     }

   }

 };

 // This really ought to be commoned up into OffsetTableContigSpace somehow.

 // We would need a mechanism to make that code skip dead objects.

 void HeapRegion::verify(VerifyOption vo,

                         bool* failures) const {

   G1CollectedHeap* g1 = G1CollectedHeap::heap();

   *failures = false;

   HeapWord* p = bottom();

   HeapWord* prev_p = NULL;

   VerifyLiveClosure vl_cl(g1, vo);

   bool is_humongous = isHumongous();

   bool do_bot_verify = !is_young();

   size_t object_num = 0;

   while (p < top()) {

     oop obj = oop(p);

     size_t obj_size = block_size(p);

     object_num += 1;

     if (is_humongous != g1->isHumongous(obj_size) &&

         !g1->is_obj_dead(obj, this)) { // Dead objects may have bigger block_size since they span several objects.

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("obj "PTR_FORMAT" is of %shumongous size ("

                              SIZE_FORMAT" words) in a %shumongous region",

                              p, g1->isHumongous(obj_size) ? "" : "non-",

                              obj_size, is_humongous ? "" : "non-");

        *failures = true;

        return;

     }

     // If it returns false, verify_for_object() will output the

     // appropriate message.

     if (do_bot_verify &&

         !g1->is_obj_dead(obj, this) &&

         !_offsets.verify_for_object(p, obj_size)) {

       *failures = true;

       return;

     }

     if (!g1->is_obj_dead_cond(obj, this, vo)) {

       if (obj->is_oop()) {

         Klass* klass = obj->klass();

         bool is_metaspace_object = Metaspace::contains(klass) ||

                                    (vo == VerifyOption_G1UsePrevMarking &&

                                    ClassLoaderDataGraph::unload_list_contains(klass));

         if (!is_metaspace_object) {

           gclog_or_tty->print_cr("klass "PTR_FORMAT" of object "PTR_FORMAT" "

                                  "not metadata", klass, (void *)obj);

           *failures = true;

           return;

         } else if (!klass->is_klass()) {

           gclog_or_tty->print_cr("klass "PTR_FORMAT" of object "PTR_FORMAT" "

                                  "not a klass", klass, (void *)obj);

           *failures = true;

           return;

         } else {

           vl_cl.set_containing_obj(obj);

           obj->oop_iterate_no_header(&vl_cl);

           if (vl_cl.failures()) {

             *failures = true;

           }

           if (G1MaxVerifyFailures >= 0 &&

               vl_cl.n_failures() >= G1MaxVerifyFailures) {

             return;

           }

         }

       } else {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr(PTR_FORMAT" no an oop", (void *)obj);

         *failures = true;

         return;

       }

     }

     prev_p = p;

     p += obj_size;

   }

   if (p != top()) {

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("end of last object "PTR_FORMAT" "

                            "does not match top "PTR_FORMAT, p, top());

     *failures = true;

     return;

   }

   HeapWord* the_end = end();

   assert(p == top(), "it should still hold");

   // Do some extra BOT consistency checking for addresses in the

   // range [top, end). BOT look-ups in this range should yield

   // top. No point in doing that if top == end (there's nothing there).

   if (p < the_end) {

     // Look up top

     HeapWord* addr_1 = p;

     HeapWord* b_start_1 = _offsets.block_start_const(addr_1);

     if (b_start_1 != p) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("BOT look up for top: "PTR_FORMAT" "

                              " yielded "PTR_FORMAT", expecting "PTR_FORMAT,

                              addr_1, b_start_1, p);

       *failures = true;

       return;

     }

     // Look up top + 1

     HeapWord* addr_2 = p + 1;

     if (addr_2 < the_end) {

       HeapWord* b_start_2 = _offsets.block_start_const(addr_2);

       if (b_start_2 != p) {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("BOT look up for top + 1: "PTR_FORMAT" "

                                " yielded "PTR_FORMAT", expecting "PTR_FORMAT,

                                addr_2, b_start_2, p);

         *failures = true;

         return;

       }

     }

     // Look up an address between top and end

     size_t diff = pointer_delta(the_end, p) / 2;

     HeapWord* addr_3 = p + diff;

     if (addr_3 < the_end) {

       HeapWord* b_start_3 = _offsets.block_start_const(addr_3);

       if (b_start_3 != p) {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("BOT look up for top + diff: "PTR_FORMAT" "

                                " yielded "PTR_FORMAT", expecting "PTR_FORMAT,

                                addr_3, b_start_3, p);

         *failures = true;

         return;

       }

     }

     // Loook up end - 1

     HeapWord* addr_4 = the_end - 1;

     HeapWord* b_start_4 = _offsets.block_start_const(addr_4);

     if (b_start_4 != p) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("BOT look up for end - 1: "PTR_FORMAT" "

                              " yielded "PTR_FORMAT", expecting "PTR_FORMAT,

                              addr_4, b_start_4, p);

       *failures = true;

       return;

     }

   }

   if (is_humongous && object_num > 1) {

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("region ["PTR_FORMAT","PTR_FORMAT"] is humongous "

                            "but has "SIZE_FORMAT", objects",

                            bottom(), end(), object_num);

     *failures = true;

     return;

   }

   verify_strong_code_roots(vo, failures);

 }

 void HeapRegion::verify() const {

   bool dummy = false;

   verify(VerifyOption_G1UsePrevMarking, /* failures */ &dummy);

 }

 // G1OffsetTableContigSpace code; copied from space.cpp.  Hope this can go

 // away eventually.

 void G1OffsetTableContigSpace::clear(bool mangle_space) {

   set_top(bottom());

   set_saved_mark_word(bottom());

   CompactibleSpace::clear(mangle_space);

   reset_bot();

 }

 void G1OffsetTableContigSpace::set_bottom(HeapWord* new_bottom) {

   Space::set_bottom(new_bottom);

   _offsets.set_bottom(new_bottom);

 }

 void G1OffsetTableContigSpace::set_end(HeapWord* new_end) {

   Space::set_end(new_end);

   _offsets.resize(new_end - bottom());

 }

 void G1OffsetTableContigSpace::print() const {

   print_short();

   gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" [" INTPTR_FORMAT ", " INTPTR_FORMAT ", "

                 INTPTR_FORMAT ", " INTPTR_FORMAT ")",

                 bottom(), top(), _offsets.threshold(), end());

 }

 HeapWord* G1OffsetTableContigSpace::initialize_threshold() {

   return _offsets.initialize_threshold();

 }

 HeapWord* G1OffsetTableContigSpace::cross_threshold(HeapWord* start,

                                                     HeapWord* end) {

   _offsets.alloc_block(start, end);

   return _offsets.threshold();

 }

 HeapWord* G1OffsetTableContigSpace::saved_mark_word() const {

   G1CollectedHeap* g1h = G1CollectedHeap::heap();

   assert( _gc_time_stamp <= g1h->get_gc_time_stamp(), "invariant" );

   if (_gc_time_stamp < g1h->get_gc_time_stamp())

     return top();

   else

     return Space::saved_mark_word();

 }

 void G1OffsetTableContigSpace::record_top_and_timestamp() {

   G1CollectedHeap* g1h = G1CollectedHeap::heap();

   unsigned curr_gc_time_stamp = g1h->get_gc_time_stamp();

   if (_gc_time_stamp < curr_gc_time_stamp) {

     // The order of these is important, as another thread might be

     // about to start scanning this region. If it does so after

     // set_saved_mark and before _gc_time_stamp = ..., then the latter

     // will be false, and it will pick up top() as the high water mark

     // of region. If it does so after _gc_time_stamp = ..., then it

     // will pick up the right saved_mark_word() as the high water mark

     // of the region. Either way, the behaviour will be correct.

     Space::set_saved_mark_word(top());

     OrderAccess::storestore();

     _gc_time_stamp = curr_gc_time_stamp;

     // No need to do another barrier to flush the writes above. If

     // this is called in parallel with other threads trying to

     // allocate into the region, the caller should call this while

     // holding a lock and when the lock is released the writes will be

     // flushed.

   }

 }

 void G1OffsetTableContigSpace::safe_object_iterate(ObjectClosure* blk) {

   object_iterate(blk);

 }

 void G1OffsetTableContigSpace::object_iterate(ObjectClosure* blk) {

   HeapWord* p = bottom();

   while (p < top()) {

     if (block_is_obj(p)) {

       blk->do_object(oop(p));

     }

     p += block_size(p);

   }

 }

 #define block_is_always_obj(q) true

 void G1OffsetTableContigSpace::prepare_for_compaction(CompactPoint* cp) {

   SCAN_AND_FORWARD(cp, top, block_is_always_obj, block_size);

 }

 #undef block_is_always_obj

 G1OffsetTableContigSpace::

 G1OffsetTableContigSpace(G1BlockOffsetSharedArray* sharedOffsetArray,

                          MemRegion mr) :

   _offsets(sharedOffsetArray, mr),

   _par_alloc_lock(Mutex::leaf, "OffsetTableContigSpace par alloc lock", true),

   _gc_time_stamp(0)

 {

   _offsets.set_space(this);

 }

 void G1OffsetTableContigSpace::initialize(MemRegion mr, bool clear_space, bool mangle_space) {

   CompactibleSpace::initialize(mr, clear_space, mangle_space);

   _top = bottom();

   reset_bot();

 }