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 /*

  * Copyright (c) 2001, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

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  */

 #include "precompiled.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/shared/adaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/shared/gcPolicyCounters.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/shared/vmGCOperations.hpp"

 #include "memory/cardTableRS.hpp"

 #include "memory/collectorPolicy.hpp"

 #include "memory/gcLocker.inline.hpp"

 #include "memory/genCollectedHeap.hpp"

 #include "memory/generationSpec.hpp"

 #include "memory/space.hpp"

 #include "memory/universe.hpp"

 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"

 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"

 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/java.hpp"

 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"

 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"

 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS

 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsAdaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsGCAdaptivePolicyCounters.hpp"

 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS

 // CollectorPolicy methods.

 // Align down. If the aligning result in 0, return 'alignment'.

 static size_t restricted_align_down(size_t size, size_t alignment) {

   return MAX2(alignment, align_size_down_(size, alignment));

 }

 void CollectorPolicy::initialize_flags() {

   assert(max_alignment() >= min_alignment(),

       err_msg("max_alignment: " SIZE_FORMAT " less than min_alignment: " SIZE_FORMAT,

           max_alignment(), min_alignment()));

   assert(max_alignment() % min_alignment() == 0,

       err_msg("max_alignment: " SIZE_FORMAT " not aligned by min_alignment: " SIZE_FORMAT,

           max_alignment(), min_alignment()));

   if (MaxHeapSize < InitialHeapSize) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Incompatible initial and maximum heap sizes specified");

   }

   // Do not use FLAG_SET_ERGO to update MaxMetaspaceSize, since this will

   // override if MaxMetaspaceSize was set on the command line or not.

   // This information is needed later to conform to the specification of the

   // java.lang.management.MemoryUsage API.

   //

   // Ideally, we would be able to set the default value of MaxMetaspaceSize in

   // globals.hpp to the aligned value, but this is not possible, since the

   // alignment depends on other flags being parsed.

   MaxMetaspaceSize = restricted_align_down(MaxMetaspaceSize, max_alignment());

   if (MetaspaceSize > MaxMetaspaceSize) {

     MetaspaceSize = MaxMetaspaceSize;

   }

   MetaspaceSize = restricted_align_down(MetaspaceSize, min_alignment());

   assert(MetaspaceSize <= MaxMetaspaceSize, "Must be");

   MinMetaspaceExpansion = restricted_align_down(MinMetaspaceExpansion, min_alignment());

   MaxMetaspaceExpansion = restricted_align_down(MaxMetaspaceExpansion, min_alignment());

   MinHeapDeltaBytes = align_size_up(MinHeapDeltaBytes, min_alignment());

   assert(MetaspaceSize    % min_alignment() == 0, "metapace alignment");

   assert(MaxMetaspaceSize % max_alignment() == 0, "maximum metaspace alignment");

   if (MetaspaceSize < 256*K) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Too small initial Metaspace size");

   }

 }

 void CollectorPolicy::initialize_size_info() {

   // User inputs from -mx and ms must be aligned

   set_min_heap_byte_size(align_size_up(Arguments::min_heap_size(), min_alignment()));

   set_initial_heap_byte_size(align_size_up(InitialHeapSize, min_alignment()));

   set_max_heap_byte_size(align_size_up(MaxHeapSize, max_alignment()));

   // Check heap parameter properties

   if (initial_heap_byte_size() < M) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Too small initial heap");

   }

   // Check heap parameter properties

   if (min_heap_byte_size() < M) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Too small minimum heap");

   }

   if (initial_heap_byte_size() <= NewSize) {

      // make sure there is at least some room in old space

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Too small initial heap for new size specified");

   }

   if (max_heap_byte_size() < min_heap_byte_size()) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Incompatible minimum and maximum heap sizes specified");

   }

   if (initial_heap_byte_size() < min_heap_byte_size()) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Incompatible minimum and initial heap sizes specified");

   }

   if (max_heap_byte_size() < initial_heap_byte_size()) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Incompatible initial and maximum heap sizes specified");

   }

   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Minimum heap " SIZE_FORMAT "  Initial heap "

       SIZE_FORMAT "  Maximum heap " SIZE_FORMAT,

       min_heap_byte_size(), initial_heap_byte_size(), max_heap_byte_size());

   }

 }

 bool CollectorPolicy::use_should_clear_all_soft_refs(bool v) {

   bool result = _should_clear_all_soft_refs;

   set_should_clear_all_soft_refs(false);

   return result;

 }

 GenRemSet* CollectorPolicy::create_rem_set(MemRegion whole_heap,

                                            int max_covered_regions) {

   assert(rem_set_name() == GenRemSet::CardTable, "unrecognized GenRemSet::Name");

   return new CardTableRS(whole_heap, max_covered_regions);

 }

 void CollectorPolicy::cleared_all_soft_refs() {

   // If near gc overhear limit, continue to clear SoftRefs.  SoftRefs may

   // have been cleared in the last collection but if the gc overhear

   // limit continues to be near, SoftRefs should still be cleared.

   if (size_policy() != NULL) {

     _should_clear_all_soft_refs = size_policy()->gc_overhead_limit_near();

   }

   _all_soft_refs_clear = true;

 }

 size_t CollectorPolicy::compute_max_alignment() {

   // The card marking array and the offset arrays for old generations are

   // committed in os pages as well. Make sure they are entirely full (to

   // avoid partial page problems), e.g. if 512 bytes heap corresponds to 1

   // byte entry and the os page size is 4096, the maximum heap size should

   // be 512*4096 = 2MB aligned.

   // There is only the GenRemSet in Hotspot and only the GenRemSet::CardTable

   // is supported.

   // Requirements of any new remembered set implementations must be added here.

   size_t alignment = GenRemSet::max_alignment_constraint(GenRemSet::CardTable);

   // Parallel GC does its own alignment of the generations to avoid requiring a

   // large page (256M on some platforms) for the permanent generation.  The

   // other collectors should also be updated to do their own alignment and then

   // this use of lcm() should be removed.

   if (UseLargePages && !UseParallelGC) {

       // in presence of large pages we have to make sure that our

       // alignment is large page aware

       alignment = lcm(os::large_page_size(), alignment);

   }

   return alignment;

 }

 // GenCollectorPolicy methods.

 size_t GenCollectorPolicy::scale_by_NewRatio_aligned(size_t base_size) {

   size_t x = base_size / (NewRatio+1);

   size_t new_gen_size = x > min_alignment() ?

                      align_size_down(x, min_alignment()) :

                      min_alignment();

   return new_gen_size;

 }

 size_t GenCollectorPolicy::bound_minus_alignment(size_t desired_size,

                                                  size_t maximum_size) {

   size_t alignment = min_alignment();

   size_t max_minus = maximum_size - alignment;

   return desired_size < max_minus ? desired_size : max_minus;

 }

 void GenCollectorPolicy::initialize_size_policy(size_t init_eden_size,

                                                 size_t init_promo_size,

                                                 size_t init_survivor_size) {

   const double max_gc_pause_sec = ((double) MaxGCPauseMillis)/1000.0;

   _size_policy = new AdaptiveSizePolicy(init_eden_size,

                                         init_promo_size,

                                         init_survivor_size,

                                         max_gc_pause_sec,

                                         GCTimeRatio);

 }

 void GenCollectorPolicy::initialize_flags() {

   // All sizes must be multiples of the generation granularity.

   set_min_alignment((uintx) Generation::GenGrain);

   set_max_alignment(compute_max_alignment());

   CollectorPolicy::initialize_flags();

   // All generational heaps have a youngest gen; handle those flags here.

   // Adjust max size parameters

   if (NewSize > MaxNewSize) {

     MaxNewSize = NewSize;

   }

   NewSize = align_size_down(NewSize, min_alignment());

   MaxNewSize = align_size_down(MaxNewSize, min_alignment());

   // Check validity of heap flags

   assert(NewSize     % min_alignment() == 0, "eden space alignment");

   assert(MaxNewSize  % min_alignment() == 0, "survivor space alignment");

   if (NewSize < 3*min_alignment()) {

      // make sure there room for eden and two survivor spaces

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Too small new size specified");

   }

   if (SurvivorRatio < 1 || NewRatio < 1) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Invalid heap ratio specified");

   }

 }

 void TwoGenerationCollectorPolicy::initialize_flags() {

   GenCollectorPolicy::initialize_flags();

   OldSize = align_size_down(OldSize, min_alignment());

   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(OldSize) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {

     // NewRatio will be used later to set the young generation size so we use

     // it to calculate how big the heap should be based on the requested OldSize

     // and NewRatio.

     assert(NewRatio > 0, "NewRatio should have been set up earlier");

     size_t calculated_heapsize = (OldSize / NewRatio) * (NewRatio + 1);

     calculated_heapsize = align_size_up(calculated_heapsize, max_alignment());

     MaxHeapSize = calculated_heapsize;

     InitialHeapSize = calculated_heapsize;

   }

   MaxHeapSize = align_size_up(MaxHeapSize, max_alignment());

   // adjust max heap size if necessary

   if (NewSize + OldSize > MaxHeapSize) {

     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(MaxHeapSize)) {

       // somebody set a maximum heap size with the intention that we should not

       // exceed it. Adjust New/OldSize as necessary.

       uintx calculated_size = NewSize + OldSize;

       double shrink_factor = (double) MaxHeapSize / calculated_size;

       // align

       NewSize = align_size_down((uintx) (NewSize * shrink_factor), min_alignment());

       // OldSize is already aligned because above we aligned MaxHeapSize to

       // max_alignment(), and we just made sure that NewSize is aligned to

       // min_alignment(). In initialize_flags() we verified that max_alignment()

       // is a multiple of min_alignment().

       OldSize = MaxHeapSize - NewSize;

     } else {

       MaxHeapSize = NewSize + OldSize;

     }

   }

   // need to do this again

   MaxHeapSize = align_size_up(MaxHeapSize, max_alignment());

   // adjust max heap size if necessary

   if (NewSize + OldSize > MaxHeapSize) {

     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(MaxHeapSize)) {

       // somebody set a maximum heap size with the intention that we should not

       // exceed it. Adjust New/OldSize as necessary.

       uintx calculated_size = NewSize + OldSize;

       double shrink_factor = (double) MaxHeapSize / calculated_size;

       // align

       NewSize = align_size_down((uintx) (NewSize * shrink_factor), min_alignment());

       // OldSize is already aligned because above we aligned MaxHeapSize to

       // max_alignment(), and we just made sure that NewSize is aligned to

       // min_alignment(). In initialize_flags() we verified that max_alignment()

       // is a multiple of min_alignment().

       OldSize = MaxHeapSize - NewSize;

     } else {

       MaxHeapSize = NewSize + OldSize;

     }

   }

   // need to do this again

   MaxHeapSize = align_size_up(MaxHeapSize, max_alignment());

   always_do_update_barrier = UseConcMarkSweepGC;

   // Check validity of heap flags

   assert(OldSize     % min_alignment() == 0, "old space alignment");

   assert(MaxHeapSize % max_alignment() == 0, "maximum heap alignment");

 }

 // Values set on the command line win over any ergonomically

 // set command line parameters.

 // Ergonomic choice of parameters are done before this

 // method is called.  Values for command line parameters such as NewSize

 // and MaxNewSize feed those ergonomic choices into this method.

 // This method makes the final generation sizings consistent with

 // themselves and with overall heap sizings.

 // In the absence of explicitly set command line flags, policies

 // such as the use of NewRatio are used to size the generation.

 void GenCollectorPolicy::initialize_size_info() {

   CollectorPolicy::initialize_size_info();

   // min_alignment() is used for alignment within a generation.

   // There is additional alignment done down stream for some

   // collectors that sometimes causes unwanted rounding up of

   // generations sizes.

   // Determine maximum size of gen0

   size_t max_new_size = 0;

   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(MaxNewSize) || FLAG_IS_ERGO(MaxNewSize)) {

     if (MaxNewSize < min_alignment()) {

       max_new_size = min_alignment();

     }

     if (MaxNewSize >= max_heap_byte_size()) {

       max_new_size = align_size_down(max_heap_byte_size() - min_alignment(),

                                      min_alignment());

       warning("MaxNewSize (" SIZE_FORMAT "k) is equal to or "

         "greater than the entire heap (" SIZE_FORMAT "k).  A "

         "new generation size of " SIZE_FORMAT "k will be used.",

         MaxNewSize/K, max_heap_byte_size()/K, max_new_size/K);

     } else {

       max_new_size = align_size_down(MaxNewSize, min_alignment());

     }

   // The case for FLAG_IS_ERGO(MaxNewSize) could be treated

   // specially at this point to just use an ergonomically set

   // MaxNewSize to set max_new_size.  For cases with small

   // heaps such a policy often did not work because the MaxNewSize

   // was larger than the entire heap.  The interpretation given

   // to ergonomically set flags is that the flags are set

   // by different collectors for their own special needs but

   // are not allowed to badly shape the heap.  This allows the

   // different collectors to decide what's best for themselves

   // without having to factor in the overall heap shape.  It

   // can be the case in the future that the collectors would

   // only make "wise" ergonomics choices and this policy could

   // just accept those choices.  The choices currently made are

   // not always "wise".

   } else {

     max_new_size = scale_by_NewRatio_aligned(max_heap_byte_size());

     // Bound the maximum size by NewSize below (since it historically

     // would have been NewSize and because the NewRatio calculation could

     // yield a size that is too small) and bound it by MaxNewSize above.

     // Ergonomics plays here by previously calculating the desired

     // NewSize and MaxNewSize.

     max_new_size = MIN2(MAX2(max_new_size, NewSize), MaxNewSize);

   }

   assert(max_new_size > 0, "All paths should set max_new_size");

   // Given the maximum gen0 size, determine the initial and

   // minimum gen0 sizes.

   if (max_heap_byte_size() == min_heap_byte_size()) {

     // The maximum and minimum heap sizes are the same so

     // the generations minimum and initial must be the

     // same as its maximum.

     set_min_gen0_size(max_new_size);

     set_initial_gen0_size(max_new_size);

     set_max_gen0_size(max_new_size);

   } else {

     size_t desired_new_size = 0;

     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {

       // If NewSize is set ergonomically (for example by cms), it

       // would make sense to use it.  If it is used, also use it

       // to set the initial size.  Although there is no reason

       // the minimum size and the initial size have to be the same,

       // the current implementation gets into trouble during the calculation

       // of the tenured generation sizes if they are different.

       // Note that this makes the initial size and the minimum size

       // generally small compared to the NewRatio calculation.

       _min_gen0_size = NewSize;

       desired_new_size = NewSize;

       max_new_size = MAX2(max_new_size, NewSize);

     } else {

       // For the case where NewSize is the default, use NewRatio

       // to size the minimum and initial generation sizes.

       // Use the default NewSize as the floor for these values.  If

       // NewRatio is overly large, the resulting sizes can be too

       // small.

       _min_gen0_size = MAX2(scale_by_NewRatio_aligned(min_heap_byte_size()),

                           NewSize);

       desired_new_size =

         MAX2(scale_by_NewRatio_aligned(initial_heap_byte_size()),

              NewSize);

     }

     assert(_min_gen0_size > 0, "Sanity check");

     set_initial_gen0_size(desired_new_size);

     set_max_gen0_size(max_new_size);

     // At this point the desirable initial and minimum sizes have been

     // determined without regard to the maximum sizes.

     // Bound the sizes by the corresponding overall heap sizes.

     set_min_gen0_size(

       bound_minus_alignment(_min_gen0_size, min_heap_byte_size()));

     set_initial_gen0_size(

       bound_minus_alignment(_initial_gen0_size, initial_heap_byte_size()));

     set_max_gen0_size(

       bound_minus_alignment(_max_gen0_size, max_heap_byte_size()));

     // At this point all three sizes have been checked against the

     // maximum sizes but have not been checked for consistency

     // among the three.

     // Final check min <= initial <= max

     set_min_gen0_size(MIN2(_min_gen0_size, _max_gen0_size));

     set_initial_gen0_size(

       MAX2(MIN2(_initial_gen0_size, _max_gen0_size), _min_gen0_size));

     set_min_gen0_size(MIN2(_min_gen0_size, _initial_gen0_size));

   }

   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("1: Minimum gen0 " SIZE_FORMAT "  Initial gen0 "

       SIZE_FORMAT "  Maximum gen0 " SIZE_FORMAT,

       min_gen0_size(), initial_gen0_size(), max_gen0_size());

   }

 }

 // Call this method during the sizing of the gen1 to make

 // adjustments to gen0 because of gen1 sizing policy.  gen0 initially has

 // the most freedom in sizing because it is done before the

 // policy for gen1 is applied.  Once gen1 policies have been applied,

 // there may be conflicts in the shape of the heap and this method

 // is used to make the needed adjustments.  The application of the

 // policies could be more sophisticated (iterative for example) but

 // keeping it simple also seems a worthwhile goal.

 bool TwoGenerationCollectorPolicy::adjust_gen0_sizes(size_t* gen0_size_ptr,

                                                      size_t* gen1_size_ptr,

                                                      const size_t heap_size,

                                                      const size_t min_gen1_size) {

   bool result = false;

   if ((*gen1_size_ptr + *gen0_size_ptr) > heap_size) {

     if ((heap_size < (*gen0_size_ptr + min_gen1_size)) &&

         (heap_size >= min_gen1_size + min_alignment())) {

       // Adjust gen0 down to accommodate min_gen1_size

       *gen0_size_ptr = heap_size - min_gen1_size;

       *gen0_size_ptr =

         MAX2((uintx)align_size_down(*gen0_size_ptr, min_alignment()),

              min_alignment());

       assert(*gen0_size_ptr > 0, "Min gen0 is too large");

       result = true;

     } else {

       *gen1_size_ptr = heap_size - *gen0_size_ptr;

       *gen1_size_ptr =

         MAX2((uintx)align_size_down(*gen1_size_ptr, min_alignment()),

                        min_alignment());

     }

   }

   return result;

 }

 // Minimum sizes of the generations may be different than

 // the initial sizes.  An inconsistently is permitted here

 // in the total size that can be specified explicitly by

 // command line specification of OldSize and NewSize and

 // also a command line specification of -Xms.  Issue a warning

 // but allow the values to pass.

 void TwoGenerationCollectorPolicy::initialize_size_info() {

   GenCollectorPolicy::initialize_size_info();

   // At this point the minimum, initial and maximum sizes

   // of the overall heap and of gen0 have been determined.

   // The maximum gen1 size can be determined from the maximum gen0

   // and maximum heap size since no explicit flags exits

   // for setting the gen1 maximum.

   _max_gen1_size = max_heap_byte_size() - _max_gen0_size;

   _max_gen1_size =

     MAX2((uintx)align_size_down(_max_gen1_size, min_alignment()),

          min_alignment());

   // If no explicit command line flag has been set for the

   // gen1 size, use what is left for gen1.

   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldSize) || FLAG_IS_ERGO(OldSize)) {

     // The user has not specified any value or ergonomics

     // has chosen a value (which may or may not be consistent

     // with the overall heap size).  In either case make

     // the minimum, maximum and initial sizes consistent

     // with the gen0 sizes and the overall heap sizes.

     assert(min_heap_byte_size() > _min_gen0_size,

       "gen0 has an unexpected minimum size");

     set_min_gen1_size(min_heap_byte_size() - min_gen0_size());

     set_min_gen1_size(

       MAX2((uintx)align_size_down(_min_gen1_size, min_alignment()),

            min_alignment()));

     set_initial_gen1_size(initial_heap_byte_size() - initial_gen0_size());

     set_initial_gen1_size(

       MAX2((uintx)align_size_down(_initial_gen1_size, min_alignment()),

            min_alignment()));

   } else {

     // It's been explicitly set on the command line.  Use the

     // OldSize and then determine the consequences.

     set_min_gen1_size(OldSize);

     set_initial_gen1_size(OldSize);

     // If the user has explicitly set an OldSize that is inconsistent

     // with other command line flags, issue a warning.

     // The generation minimums and the overall heap mimimum should

     // be within one heap alignment.

     if ((_min_gen1_size + _min_gen0_size + min_alignment()) <

            min_heap_byte_size()) {

       warning("Inconsistency between minimum heap size and minimum "

           "generation sizes: using minimum heap = " SIZE_FORMAT,

           min_heap_byte_size());

     }

     if ((OldSize > _max_gen1_size)) {

       warning("Inconsistency between maximum heap size and maximum "

           "generation sizes: using maximum heap = " SIZE_FORMAT

           " -XX:OldSize flag is being ignored",

           max_heap_byte_size());

     }

     // If there is an inconsistency between the OldSize and the minimum and/or

     // initial size of gen0, since OldSize was explicitly set, OldSize wins.

     if (adjust_gen0_sizes(&_min_gen0_size, &_min_gen1_size,

                           min_heap_byte_size(), OldSize)) {

       if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("2: Minimum gen0 " SIZE_FORMAT "  Initial gen0 "

               SIZE_FORMAT "  Maximum gen0 " SIZE_FORMAT,

               min_gen0_size(), initial_gen0_size(), max_gen0_size());

       }

     }

     // Initial size

     if (adjust_gen0_sizes(&_initial_gen0_size, &_initial_gen1_size,

                          initial_heap_byte_size(), OldSize)) {

       if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("3: Minimum gen0 " SIZE_FORMAT "  Initial gen0 "

           SIZE_FORMAT "  Maximum gen0 " SIZE_FORMAT,

           min_gen0_size(), initial_gen0_size(), max_gen0_size());

       }

     }

   }

   // Enforce the maximum gen1 size.

   set_min_gen1_size(MIN2(_min_gen1_size, _max_gen1_size));

   // Check that min gen1 <= initial gen1 <= max gen1

   set_initial_gen1_size(MAX2(_initial_gen1_size, _min_gen1_size));

   set_initial_gen1_size(MIN2(_initial_gen1_size, _max_gen1_size));

   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Minimum gen1 " SIZE_FORMAT "  Initial gen1 "

       SIZE_FORMAT "  Maximum gen1 " SIZE_FORMAT,

       min_gen1_size(), initial_gen1_size(), max_gen1_size());

   }

 }

 HeapWord* GenCollectorPolicy::mem_allocate_work(size_t size,

                                         bool is_tlab,

                                         bool* gc_overhead_limit_was_exceeded) {

   GenCollectedHeap *gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();

   debug_only(gch->check_for_valid_allocation_state());

   assert(gch->no_gc_in_progress(), "Allocation during gc not allowed");

   // In general gc_overhead_limit_was_exceeded should be false so

   // set it so here and reset it to true only if the gc time

   // limit is being exceeded as checked below.

   *gc_overhead_limit_was_exceeded = false;

   HeapWord* result = NULL;

   // Loop until the allocation is satisified,

   // or unsatisfied after GC.

   for (int try_count = 1, gclocker_stalled_count = 0; /* return or throw */; try_count += 1) {

     HandleMark hm; // discard any handles allocated in each iteration

     // First allocation attempt is lock-free.

     Generation *gen0 = gch->get_gen(0);

     assert(gen0->supports_inline_contig_alloc(),

       "Otherwise, must do alloc within heap lock");

     if (gen0->should_allocate(size, is_tlab)) {

       result = gen0->par_allocate(size, is_tlab);

       if (result != NULL) {

         assert(gch->is_in_reserved(result), "result not in heap");

         return result;

       }

     }

     unsigned int gc_count_before;  // read inside the Heap_lock locked region

     {

       MutexLocker ml(Heap_lock);

       if (PrintGC && Verbose) {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("TwoGenerationCollectorPolicy::mem_allocate_work:"

                       " attempting locked slow path allocation");

       }

       // Note that only large objects get a shot at being

       // allocated in later generations.

       bool first_only = ! should_try_older_generation_allocation(size);

       result = gch->attempt_allocation(size, is_tlab, first_only);

       if (result != NULL) {

         assert(gch->is_in_reserved(result), "result not in heap");

         return result;

       }

       if (GC_locker::is_active_and_needs_gc()) {

         if (is_tlab) {

           return NULL;  // Caller will retry allocating individual object

         }

         if (!gch->is_maximal_no_gc()) {

           // Try and expand heap to satisfy request

           result = expand_heap_and_allocate(size, is_tlab);

           // result could be null if we are out of space

           if (result != NULL) {

             return result;

           }

         }

         if (gclocker_stalled_count > GCLockerRetryAllocationCount) {

           return NULL; // we didn't get to do a GC and we didn't get any memory

         }

         // If this thread is not in a jni critical section, we stall

         // the requestor until the critical section has cleared and

         // GC allowed. When the critical section clears, a GC is

         // initiated by the last thread exiting the critical section; so

         // we retry the allocation sequence from the beginning of the loop,

         // rather than causing more, now probably unnecessary, GC attempts.

         JavaThread* jthr = JavaThread::current();

         if (!jthr->in_critical()) {

           MutexUnlocker mul(Heap_lock);

           // Wait for JNI critical section to be exited

           GC_locker::stall_until_clear();

           gclocker_stalled_count += 1;

           continue;

         } else {

           if (CheckJNICalls) {

             fatal("Possible deadlock due to allocating while"

                   " in jni critical section");

           }

           return NULL;

         }

       }

       // Read the gc count while the heap lock is held.

       gc_count_before = Universe::heap()->total_collections();

     }

     VM_GenCollectForAllocation op(size,

                                   is_tlab,

                                   gc_count_before);

     VMThread::execute(&op);

     if (op.prologue_succeeded()) {

       result = op.result();

       if (op.gc_locked()) {

          assert(result == NULL, "must be NULL if gc_locked() is true");

          continue;  // retry and/or stall as necessary

       }

       // Allocation has failed and a collection

       // has been done.  If the gc time limit was exceeded the

       // this time, return NULL so that an out-of-memory

       // will be thrown.  Clear gc_overhead_limit_exceeded

       // so that the overhead exceeded does not persist.

       const bool limit_exceeded = size_policy()->gc_overhead_limit_exceeded();

       const bool softrefs_clear = all_soft_refs_clear();

       if (limit_exceeded && softrefs_clear) {

         *gc_overhead_limit_was_exceeded = true;

         size_policy()->set_gc_overhead_limit_exceeded(false);

         if (op.result() != NULL) {

           CollectedHeap::fill_with_object(op.result(), size);

         }

         return NULL;

       }

       assert(result == NULL || gch->is_in_reserved(result),

              "result not in heap");

       return result;

     }

     // Give a warning if we seem to be looping forever.

     if ((QueuedAllocationWarningCount > 0) &&

         (try_count % QueuedAllocationWarningCount == 0)) {

           warning("TwoGenerationCollectorPolicy::mem_allocate_work retries %d times \n\t"

                   " size=%d %s", try_count, size, is_tlab ? "(TLAB)" : "");

     }

   }

 }

 HeapWord* GenCollectorPolicy::expand_heap_and_allocate(size_t size,

                                                        bool   is_tlab) {

   GenCollectedHeap *gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();

   HeapWord* result = NULL;

   for (int i = number_of_generations() - 1; i >= 0 && result == NULL; i--) {

     Generation *gen = gch->get_gen(i);

     if (gen->should_allocate(size, is_tlab)) {

       result = gen->expand_and_allocate(size, is_tlab);

     }

   }

   assert(result == NULL || gch->is_in_reserved(result), "result not in heap");

   return result;

 }

 HeapWord* GenCollectorPolicy::satisfy_failed_allocation(size_t size,

                                                         bool   is_tlab) {

   GenCollectedHeap *gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();

   GCCauseSetter x(gch, GCCause::_allocation_failure);

   HeapWord* result = NULL;

   assert(size != 0, "Precondition violated");

   if (GC_locker::is_active_and_needs_gc()) {

     // GC locker is active; instead of a collection we will attempt

     // to expand the heap, if there's room for expansion.

     if (!gch->is_maximal_no_gc()) {

       result = expand_heap_and_allocate(size, is_tlab);

     }

     return result;   // could be null if we are out of space

   } else if (!gch->incremental_collection_will_fail(false /* don't consult_young */)) {

     // Do an incremental collection.

     gch->do_collection(false            /* full */,

                        false            /* clear_all_soft_refs */,

                        size             /* size */,

                        is_tlab          /* is_tlab */,

                        number_of_generations() - 1 /* max_level */);

   } else {

     if (Verbose && PrintGCDetails) {

       gclog_or_tty->print(" :: Trying full because partial may fail :: ");

     }

     // Try a full collection; see delta for bug id 6266275

     // for the original code and why this has been simplified

     // with from-space allocation criteria modified and

     // such allocation moved out of the safepoint path.

     gch->do_collection(true             /* full */,

                        false            /* clear_all_soft_refs */,

                        size             /* size */,

                        is_tlab          /* is_tlab */,

                        number_of_generations() - 1 /* max_level */);

   }

   result = gch->attempt_allocation(size, is_tlab, false /*first_only*/);

   if (result != NULL) {

     assert(gch->is_in_reserved(result), "result not in heap");

     return result;

   }

   // OK, collection failed, try expansion.

   result = expand_heap_and_allocate(size, is_tlab);

   if (result != NULL) {

     return result;

   }

   // If we reach this point, we're really out of memory. Try every trick

   // we can to reclaim memory. Force collection of soft references. Force

   // a complete compaction of the heap. Any additional methods for finding

   // free memory should be here, especially if they are expensive. If this

   // attempt fails, an OOM exception will be thrown.

   {

     UIntFlagSetting flag_change(MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount, 1); // Make sure the heap is fully compacted

     gch->do_collection(true             /* full */,

                        true             /* clear_all_soft_refs */,

                        size             /* size */,

                        is_tlab          /* is_tlab */,

                        number_of_generations() - 1 /* max_level */);

   }

   result = gch->attempt_allocation(size, is_tlab, false /* first_only */);

   if (result != NULL) {

     assert(gch->is_in_reserved(result), "result not in heap");

     return result;

   }

   assert(!should_clear_all_soft_refs(),

     "Flag should have been handled and cleared prior to this point");

   // What else?  We might try synchronous finalization later.  If the total

   // space available is large enough for the allocation, then a more

   // complete compaction phase than we've tried so far might be

   // appropriate.

   return NULL;

 }

 MetaWord* CollectorPolicy::satisfy_failed_metadata_allocation(

                                                  ClassLoaderData* loader_data,

                                                  size_t word_size,

                                                  Metaspace::MetadataType mdtype) {

   uint loop_count = 0;

   uint gc_count = 0;

   uint full_gc_count = 0;

   assert(!Heap_lock->owned_by_self(), "Should not be holding the Heap_lock");

   do {

     MetaWord* result = NULL;

     if (GC_locker::is_active_and_needs_gc()) {

       // If the GC_locker is active, just expand and allocate.

       // If that does not succeed, wait if this thread is not

       // in a critical section itself.

       result =

         loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->expand_and_allocate(word_size,

                                                                mdtype);

       if (result != NULL) {

         return result;

       }

       JavaThread* jthr = JavaThread::current();

       if (!jthr->in_critical()) {

         // Wait for JNI critical section to be exited

         GC_locker::stall_until_clear();

         // The GC invoked by the last thread leaving the critical

         // section will be a young collection and a full collection

         // is (currently) needed for unloading classes so continue

         // to the next iteration to get a full GC.

         continue;

       } else {

         if (CheckJNICalls) {

           fatal("Possible deadlock due to allocating while"

                 " in jni critical section");

         }

         return NULL;

       }

     }

     {  // Need lock to get self consistent gc_count's

       MutexLocker ml(Heap_lock);

       gc_count      = Universe::heap()->total_collections();

       full_gc_count = Universe::heap()->total_full_collections();

     }

     // Generate a VM operation

     VM_CollectForMetadataAllocation op(loader_data,

                                        word_size,

                                        mdtype,

                                        gc_count,

                                        full_gc_count,

                                        GCCause::_metadata_GC_threshold);

     VMThread::execute(&op);

     // If GC was locked out, try again.  Check

     // before checking success because the prologue

     // could have succeeded and the GC still have

     // been locked out.

     if (op.gc_locked()) {

       continue;

     }

     if (op.prologue_succeeded()) {

       return op.result();

     }

     loop_count++;

     if ((QueuedAllocationWarningCount > 0) &&

         (loop_count % QueuedAllocationWarningCount == 0)) {

       warning("satisfy_failed_metadata_allocation() retries %d times \n\t"

               " size=%d", loop_count, word_size);

     }

   } while (true);  // Until a GC is done

 }

 // Return true if any of the following is true:

 // . the allocation won't fit into the current young gen heap

 // . gc locker is occupied (jni critical section)

 // . heap memory is tight -- the most recent previous collection

 //   was a full collection because a partial collection (would

 //   have) failed and is likely to fail again

 bool GenCollectorPolicy::should_try_older_generation_allocation(

         size_t word_size) const {

   GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();

   size_t gen0_capacity = gch->get_gen(0)->capacity_before_gc();

   return    (word_size > heap_word_size(gen0_capacity))

          || GC_locker::is_active_and_needs_gc()

          || gch->incremental_collection_failed();

 }

 //

 // MarkSweepPolicy methods

 //

 MarkSweepPolicy::MarkSweepPolicy() {

   initialize_all();

 }

 void MarkSweepPolicy::initialize_generations() {

   _generations = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY3(GenerationSpecPtr, number_of_generations(), mtGC, 0, AllocFailStrategy::RETURN_NULL);

   if (_generations == NULL)

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to allocate gen spec");

   if (UseParNewGC) {

     _generations[0] = new GenerationSpec(Generation::ParNew, _initial_gen0_size, _max_gen0_size);

   } else {

     _generations[0] = new GenerationSpec(Generation::DefNew, _initial_gen0_size, _max_gen0_size);

   }

   _generations[1] = new GenerationSpec(Generation::MarkSweepCompact, _initial_gen1_size, _max_gen1_size);

   if (_generations[0] == NULL || _generations[1] == NULL)

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to allocate gen spec");

 }

 void MarkSweepPolicy::initialize_gc_policy_counters() {

   // initialize the policy counters - 2 collectors, 3 generations

   if (UseParNewGC) {

     _gc_policy_counters = new GCPolicyCounters("ParNew:MSC", 2, 3);

   } else {

     _gc_policy_counters = new GCPolicyCounters("Copy:MSC", 2, 3);

   }

 }