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 /*

  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

  *

  */

 #include "precompiled.hpp"

 #include "ci/ciArrayKlass.hpp"

 #include "ci/ciEnv.hpp"

 #include "ci/ciKlass.hpp"

 #include "ci/ciMethod.hpp"

 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"

 #include "compiler/compileLog.hpp"

 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/handles.hpp"

 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"

 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"

 #ifdef ASSERT

 static bool must_be_in_vm() {

   Thread* thread = Thread::current();

   if (thread->is_Java_thread())

     return ((JavaThread*)thread)->thread_state() == _thread_in_vm;

   else

     return true;  //something like this: thread->is_VM_thread();

 }

 #endif //ASSERT

 void Dependencies::initialize(ciEnv* env) {

   Arena* arena = env->arena();

   _oop_recorder = env->oop_recorder();

   _log = env->log();

   _dep_seen = new(arena) GrowableArray<int>(arena, 500, 0, 0);

   DEBUG_ONLY(_deps[end_marker] = NULL);

   for (int i = (int)FIRST_TYPE; i < (int)TYPE_LIMIT; i++) {

     _deps[i] = new(arena) GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>(arena, 10, 0, 0);

   }

   _content_bytes = NULL;

   _size_in_bytes = (size_t)-1;

   assert(TYPE_LIMIT <= (1<<LG2_TYPE_LIMIT), "sanity");

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_evol_method(ciMethod* m) {

   assert_common_1(evol_method, m);

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_leaf_type(ciKlass* ctxk) {

   if (ctxk->is_array_klass()) {

     // As a special case, support this assertion on an array type,

     // which reduces to an assertion on its element type.

     // Note that this cannot be done with assertions that

     // relate to concreteness or abstractness.

     ciType* elemt = ctxk->as_array_klass()->base_element_type();

     if (!elemt->is_instance_klass())  return;   // Ex:  int[][]

     ctxk = elemt->as_instance_klass();

     //if (ctxk->is_final())  return;            // Ex:  String[][]

   }

   check_ctxk(ctxk);

   assert_common_1(leaf_type, ctxk);

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_abstract_with_unique_concrete_subtype(ciKlass* ctxk, ciKlass* conck) {

   check_ctxk_abstract(ctxk);

   assert_common_2(abstract_with_unique_concrete_subtype, ctxk, conck);

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_abstract_with_no_concrete_subtype(ciKlass* ctxk) {

   check_ctxk_abstract(ctxk);

   assert_common_1(abstract_with_no_concrete_subtype, ctxk);

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_concrete_with_no_concrete_subtype(ciKlass* ctxk) {

   check_ctxk_concrete(ctxk);

   assert_common_1(concrete_with_no_concrete_subtype, ctxk);

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_unique_concrete_method(ciKlass* ctxk, ciMethod* uniqm) {

   check_ctxk(ctxk);

   assert_common_2(unique_concrete_method, ctxk, uniqm);

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_abstract_with_exclusive_concrete_subtypes(ciKlass* ctxk, ciKlass* k1, ciKlass* k2) {

   check_ctxk(ctxk);

   assert_common_3(abstract_with_exclusive_concrete_subtypes_2, ctxk, k1, k2);

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_exclusive_concrete_methods(ciKlass* ctxk, ciMethod* m1, ciMethod* m2) {

   check_ctxk(ctxk);

   assert_common_3(exclusive_concrete_methods_2, ctxk, m1, m2);

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_has_no_finalizable_subclasses(ciKlass* ctxk) {

   check_ctxk(ctxk);

   assert_common_1(no_finalizable_subclasses, ctxk);

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_call_site_target_value(ciCallSite* call_site, ciMethodHandle* method_handle) {

   check_ctxk(call_site->klass());

   assert_common_2(call_site_target_value, call_site, method_handle);

 }

 // Helper function.  If we are adding a new dep. under ctxk2,

 // try to find an old dep. under a broader* ctxk1.  If there is

 //

 bool Dependencies::maybe_merge_ctxk(GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>* deps,

                                     int ctxk_i, ciKlass* ctxk2) {

   ciKlass* ctxk1 = deps->at(ctxk_i)->as_metadata()->as_klass();

   if (ctxk2->is_subtype_of(ctxk1)) {

     return true;  // success, and no need to change

   } else if (ctxk1->is_subtype_of(ctxk2)) {

     // new context class fully subsumes previous one

     deps->at_put(ctxk_i, ctxk2);

     return true;

   } else {

     return false;

   }

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_common_1(DepType dept, ciBaseObject* x) {

   assert(dep_args(dept) == 1, "sanity");

   log_dependency(dept, x);

   GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>* deps = _deps[dept];

   // see if the same (or a similar) dep is already recorded

   if (note_dep_seen(dept, x)) {

     assert(deps->find(x) >= 0, "sanity");

   } else {

     deps->append(x);

   }

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_common_2(DepType dept,

                                    ciBaseObject* x0, ciBaseObject* x1) {

   assert(dep_args(dept) == 2, "sanity");

   log_dependency(dept, x0, x1);

   GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>* deps = _deps[dept];

   // see if the same (or a similar) dep is already recorded

   bool has_ctxk = has_explicit_context_arg(dept);

   if (has_ctxk) {

     assert(dep_context_arg(dept) == 0, "sanity");

     if (note_dep_seen(dept, x1)) {

       // look in this bucket for redundant assertions

       const int stride = 2;

       for (int i = deps->length(); (i -= stride) >= 0; ) {

         ciBaseObject* y1 = deps->at(i+1);

         if (x1 == y1) {  // same subject; check the context

           if (maybe_merge_ctxk(deps, i+0, x0->as_metadata()->as_klass())) {

             return;

           }

         }

       }

     }

   } else {

     assert(dep_implicit_context_arg(dept) == 0, "sanity");

     if (note_dep_seen(dept, x0) && note_dep_seen(dept, x1)) {

       // look in this bucket for redundant assertions

       const int stride = 2;

       for (int i = deps->length(); (i -= stride) >= 0; ) {

         ciBaseObject* y0 = deps->at(i+0);

         ciBaseObject* y1 = deps->at(i+1);

         if (x0 == y0 && x1 == y1) {

           return;

         }

       }

     }

   }

   // append the assertion in the correct bucket:

   deps->append(x0);

   deps->append(x1);

 }

 void Dependencies::assert_common_3(DepType dept,

                                    ciKlass* ctxk, ciBaseObject* x, ciBaseObject* x2) {

   assert(dep_context_arg(dept) == 0, "sanity");

   assert(dep_args(dept) == 3, "sanity");

   log_dependency(dept, ctxk, x, x2);

   GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>* deps = _deps[dept];

   // try to normalize an unordered pair:

   bool swap = false;

   switch (dept) {

   case abstract_with_exclusive_concrete_subtypes_2:

     swap = (x->ident() > x2->ident() && x->as_metadata()->as_klass() != ctxk);

     break;

   case exclusive_concrete_methods_2:

     swap = (x->ident() > x2->ident() && x->as_metadata()->as_method()->holder() != ctxk);

     break;

   }

   if (swap) { ciBaseObject* t = x; x = x2; x2 = t; }

   // see if the same (or a similar) dep is already recorded

   if (note_dep_seen(dept, x) && note_dep_seen(dept, x2)) {

     // look in this bucket for redundant assertions

     const int stride = 3;

     for (int i = deps->length(); (i -= stride) >= 0; ) {

       ciBaseObject* y  = deps->at(i+1);

       ciBaseObject* y2 = deps->at(i+2);

       if (x == y && x2 == y2) {  // same subjects; check the context

         if (maybe_merge_ctxk(deps, i+0, ctxk)) {

           return;

         }

       }

     }

   }

   // append the assertion in the correct bucket:

   deps->append(ctxk);

   deps->append(x);

   deps->append(x2);

 }

 /// Support for encoding dependencies into an nmethod:

 void Dependencies::copy_to(nmethod* nm) {

   address beg = nm->dependencies_begin();

   address end = nm->dependencies_end();

   guarantee(end - beg >= (ptrdiff_t) size_in_bytes(), "bad sizing");

   Copy::disjoint_words((HeapWord*) content_bytes(),

                        (HeapWord*) beg,

                        size_in_bytes() / sizeof(HeapWord));

   assert(size_in_bytes() % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0, "copy by words");

 }

 static int sort_dep(ciBaseObject** p1, ciBaseObject** p2, int narg) {

   for (int i = 0; i < narg; i++) {

     int diff = p1[i]->ident() - p2[i]->ident();

     if (diff != 0)  return diff;

   }

   return 0;

 }

 static int sort_dep_arg_1(ciBaseObject** p1, ciBaseObject** p2)

 { return sort_dep(p1, p2, 1); }

 static int sort_dep_arg_2(ciBaseObject** p1, ciBaseObject** p2)

 { return sort_dep(p1, p2, 2); }

 static int sort_dep_arg_3(ciBaseObject** p1, ciBaseObject** p2)

 { return sort_dep(p1, p2, 3); }

 void Dependencies::sort_all_deps() {

   for (int deptv = (int)FIRST_TYPE; deptv < (int)TYPE_LIMIT; deptv++) {

     DepType dept = (DepType)deptv;

     GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>* deps = _deps[dept];

     if (deps->length() <= 1)  continue;

     switch (dep_args(dept)) {

     case 1: deps->sort(sort_dep_arg_1, 1); break;

     case 2: deps->sort(sort_dep_arg_2, 2); break;

     case 3: deps->sort(sort_dep_arg_3, 3); break;

     default: ShouldNotReachHere();

     }

   }

 }

 size_t Dependencies::estimate_size_in_bytes() {

   size_t est_size = 100;

   for (int deptv = (int)FIRST_TYPE; deptv < (int)TYPE_LIMIT; deptv++) {

     DepType dept = (DepType)deptv;

     GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>* deps = _deps[dept];

     est_size += deps->length()*2;  // tags and argument(s)

   }

   return est_size;

 }

 ciKlass* Dependencies::ctxk_encoded_as_null(DepType dept, ciBaseObject* x) {

   switch (dept) {

   case abstract_with_exclusive_concrete_subtypes_2:

     return x->as_metadata()->as_klass();

   case unique_concrete_method:

   case exclusive_concrete_methods_2:

     return x->as_metadata()->as_method()->holder();

   }

   return NULL;  // let NULL be NULL

 }

 Klass* Dependencies::ctxk_encoded_as_null(DepType dept, Metadata* x) {

   assert(must_be_in_vm(), "raw oops here");

   switch (dept) {

   case abstract_with_exclusive_concrete_subtypes_2:

     assert(x->is_klass(), "sanity");

     return (Klass*) x;

   case unique_concrete_method:

   case exclusive_concrete_methods_2:

     assert(x->is_method(), "sanity");

     return ((Method*)x)->method_holder();

   }

   return NULL;  // let NULL be NULL

 }

 void Dependencies::encode_content_bytes() {

   sort_all_deps();

   // cast is safe, no deps can overflow INT_MAX

   CompressedWriteStream bytes((int)estimate_size_in_bytes());

   for (int deptv = (int)FIRST_TYPE; deptv < (int)TYPE_LIMIT; deptv++) {

     DepType dept = (DepType)deptv;

     GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>* deps = _deps[dept];

     if (deps->length() == 0)  continue;

     int stride = dep_args(dept);

     int ctxkj  = dep_context_arg(dept);  // -1 if no context arg

     assert(stride > 0, "sanity");

     for (int i = 0; i < deps->length(); i += stride) {

       jbyte code_byte = (jbyte)dept;

       int skipj = -1;

       if (ctxkj >= 0 && ctxkj+1 < stride) {

         ciKlass*  ctxk = deps->at(i+ctxkj+0)->as_metadata()->as_klass();

         ciBaseObject* x     = deps->at(i+ctxkj+1);  // following argument

         if (ctxk == ctxk_encoded_as_null(dept, x)) {

           skipj = ctxkj;  // we win:  maybe one less oop to keep track of

           code_byte |= default_context_type_bit;

         }

       }

       bytes.write_byte(code_byte);

       for (int j = 0; j < stride; j++) {

         if (j == skipj)  continue;

         ciBaseObject* v = deps->at(i+j);

         int idx;

         if (v->is_object()) {

           idx = _oop_recorder->find_index(v->as_object()->constant_encoding());

         } else {

           ciMetadata* meta = v->as_metadata();

           idx = _oop_recorder->find_index(meta->constant_encoding());

         }

         bytes.write_int(idx);

       }

     }

   }

   // write a sentinel byte to mark the end

   bytes.write_byte(end_marker);

   // round it out to a word boundary

   while (bytes.position() % sizeof(HeapWord) != 0) {

     bytes.write_byte(end_marker);

   }

   // check whether the dept byte encoding really works

   assert((jbyte)default_context_type_bit != 0, "byte overflow");

   _content_bytes = bytes.buffer();

   _size_in_bytes = bytes.position();

 }

 const char* Dependencies::_dep_name[TYPE_LIMIT] = {

   "end_marker",

   "evol_method",

   "leaf_type",

   "abstract_with_unique_concrete_subtype",

   "abstract_with_no_concrete_subtype",

   "concrete_with_no_concrete_subtype",

   "unique_concrete_method",

   "abstract_with_exclusive_concrete_subtypes_2",

   "exclusive_concrete_methods_2",

   "no_finalizable_subclasses",

   "call_site_target_value"

 };

 int Dependencies::_dep_args[TYPE_LIMIT] = {

   -1,// end_marker

   1, // evol_method m

   1, // leaf_type ctxk

   2, // abstract_with_unique_concrete_subtype ctxk, k

   1, // abstract_with_no_concrete_subtype ctxk

   1, // concrete_with_no_concrete_subtype ctxk

   2, // unique_concrete_method ctxk, m

   3, // unique_concrete_subtypes_2 ctxk, k1, k2

   3, // unique_concrete_methods_2 ctxk, m1, m2

   1, // no_finalizable_subclasses ctxk

   2  // call_site_target_value call_site, method_handle

 };

 const char* Dependencies::dep_name(Dependencies::DepType dept) {

   if (!dept_in_mask(dept, all_types))  return "?bad-dep?";

   return _dep_name[dept];

 }

 int Dependencies::dep_args(Dependencies::DepType dept) {

   if (!dept_in_mask(dept, all_types))  return -1;

   return _dep_args[dept];

 }

 void Dependencies::check_valid_dependency_type(DepType dept) {

   guarantee(FIRST_TYPE <= dept && dept < TYPE_LIMIT, err_msg("invalid dependency type: %d", (int) dept));

 }

 // for the sake of the compiler log, print out current dependencies:

 void Dependencies::log_all_dependencies() {

   if (log() == NULL)  return;

   ResourceMark rm;

   for (int deptv = (int)FIRST_TYPE; deptv < (int)TYPE_LIMIT; deptv++) {

     DepType dept = (DepType)deptv;

     GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>* deps = _deps[dept];

     int deplen = deps->length();

     if (deplen == 0) {

       continue;

     }

     int stride = dep_args(dept);

     GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>* ciargs = new GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>(stride);

     for (int i = 0; i < deps->length(); i += stride) {

       for (int j = 0; j < stride; j++) {

         // flush out the identities before printing

         ciargs->push(deps->at(i+j));

       }

       write_dependency_to(log(), dept, ciargs);

       ciargs->clear();

     }

     guarantee(deplen == deps->length(), "deps array cannot grow inside nested ResoureMark scope");

   }

 }

 void Dependencies::write_dependency_to(CompileLog* log,

                                        DepType dept,

                                        GrowableArray<DepArgument>* args,

                                        Klass* witness) {

   if (log == NULL) {

     return;

   }

   ResourceMark rm;

   ciEnv* env = ciEnv::current();

   GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>* ciargs = new GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>(args->length());

   for (GrowableArrayIterator<DepArgument> it = args->begin(); it != args->end(); ++it) {

     DepArgument arg = *it;

     if (arg.is_oop()) {

       ciargs->push(env->get_object(arg.oop_value()));

     } else {

       ciargs->push(env->get_metadata(arg.metadata_value()));

     }

   }

   int argslen = ciargs->length();

   Dependencies::write_dependency_to(log, dept, ciargs, witness);

   guarantee(argslen == ciargs->length(), "ciargs array cannot grow inside nested ResoureMark scope");

 }

 void Dependencies::write_dependency_to(CompileLog* log,

                                        DepType dept,

                                        GrowableArray<ciBaseObject*>* args,

                                        Klass* witness) {

   if (log == NULL) {

     return;

   }

   ResourceMark rm;

   GrowableArray<int>* argids = new GrowableArray<int>(args->length());

   for (GrowableArrayIterator<ciBaseObject*> it = args->begin(); it != args->end(); ++it) {

     ciBaseObject* obj = *it;

     if (obj->is_object()) {

       argids->push(log->identify(obj->as_object()));

     } else {

       argids->push(log->identify(obj->as_metadata()));

     }

   }

   if (witness != NULL) {

     log->begin_elem("dependency_failed");

   } else {

     log->begin_elem("dependency");

   }

   log->print(" type='%s'", dep_name(dept));

   const int ctxkj = dep_context_arg(dept);  // -1 if no context arg

   if (ctxkj >= 0 && ctxkj < argids->length()) {

     log->print(" ctxk='%d'", argids->at(ctxkj));

   }

   // write remaining arguments, if any.

   for (int j = 0; j < argids->length(); j++) {

     if (j == ctxkj)  continue;  // already logged

     if (j == 1) {

       log->print(  " x='%d'",    argids->at(j));

     } else {

       log->print(" x%d='%d'", j, argids->at(j));

     }

   }

   if (witness != NULL) {

     log->object("witness", witness);

     log->stamp();

   }

   log->end_elem();

 }

 void Dependencies::write_dependency_to(xmlStream* xtty,

                                        DepType dept,

                                        GrowableArray<DepArgument>* args,

                                        Klass* witness) {

   if (xtty == NULL) {

     return;

   }

   ResourceMark rm;

   ttyLocker ttyl;

   int ctxkj = dep_context_arg(dept);  // -1 if no context arg

   if (witness != NULL) {

     xtty->begin_elem("dependency_failed");

   } else {

     xtty->begin_elem("dependency");

   }

   xtty->print(" type='%s'", dep_name(dept));

   if (ctxkj >= 0) {

     xtty->object("ctxk", args->at(ctxkj).metadata_value());

   }

   // write remaining arguments, if any.

   for (int j = 0; j < args->length(); j++) {

     if (j == ctxkj)  continue;  // already logged

     DepArgument arg = args->at(j);

     if (j == 1) {

       if (arg.is_oop()) {

         xtty->object("x", arg.oop_value());

       } else {

         xtty->object("x", arg.metadata_value());

       }

     } else {

       char xn[12]; sprintf(xn, "x%d", j);

       if (arg.is_oop()) {

         xtty->object(xn, arg.oop_value());

       } else {

         xtty->object(xn, arg.metadata_value());

       }

     }

   }

   if (witness != NULL) {

     xtty->object("witness", witness);

     xtty->stamp();

   }

   xtty->end_elem();

 }

 void Dependencies::print_dependency(DepType dept, GrowableArray<DepArgument>* args,

                                     Klass* witness) {

   ResourceMark rm;

   ttyLocker ttyl;   // keep the following output all in one block

   tty->print_cr("%s of type %s",

                 (witness == NULL)? "Dependency": "Failed dependency",

                 dep_name(dept));

   // print arguments

   int ctxkj = dep_context_arg(dept);  // -1 if no context arg

   for (int j = 0; j < args->length(); j++) {

     DepArgument arg = args->at(j);

     bool put_star = false;

     if (arg.is_null())  continue;

     const char* what;

     if (j == ctxkj) {

       assert(arg.is_metadata(), "must be");

       what = "context";

       put_star = !Dependencies::is_concrete_klass((Klass*)arg.metadata_value());

     } else if (arg.is_method()) {

       what = "method ";

       put_star = !Dependencies::is_concrete_method((Method*)arg.metadata_value(), NULL);

     } else if (arg.is_klass()) {

       what = "class  ";

     } else {

       what = "object ";

     }

     tty->print("  %s = %s", what, (put_star? "*": ""));

     if (arg.is_klass())

       tty->print("%s", ((Klass*)arg.metadata_value())->external_name());

     else if (arg.is_method())

       ((Method*)arg.metadata_value())->print_value();

     else

       ShouldNotReachHere(); // Provide impl for this type.

     tty->cr();

   }

   if (witness != NULL) {

     bool put_star = !Dependencies::is_concrete_klass(witness);

     tty->print_cr("  witness = %s%s",

                   (put_star? "*": ""),

                   witness->external_name());

   }

 }

 void Dependencies::DepStream::log_dependency(Klass* witness) {

   if (_deps == NULL && xtty == NULL)  return;  // fast cutout for runtime

   ResourceMark rm;

   const int nargs = argument_count();

   GrowableArray<DepArgument>* args = new GrowableArray<DepArgument>(nargs);

   for (int j = 0; j < nargs; j++) {

     if (type() == call_site_target_value) {

       args->push(argument_oop(j));

     } else {

       args->push(argument(j));

     }

   }

   int argslen = args->length();

   if (_deps != NULL && _deps->log() != NULL) {

     Dependencies::write_dependency_to(_deps->log(), type(), args, witness);

   } else {

     Dependencies::write_dependency_to(xtty, type(), args, witness);

   }

   guarantee(argslen == args->length(), "args array cannot grow inside nested ResoureMark scope");

 }

 void Dependencies::DepStream::print_dependency(Klass* witness, bool verbose) {

   ResourceMark rm;

   int nargs = argument_count();

   GrowableArray<DepArgument>* args = new GrowableArray<DepArgument>(nargs);

   for (int j = 0; j < nargs; j++) {

     args->push(argument(j));

   }

   int argslen = args->length();

   Dependencies::print_dependency(type(), args, witness);

   if (verbose) {

     if (_code != NULL) {

       tty->print("  code: ");

       _code->print_value_on(tty);

       tty->cr();

     }

   }

   guarantee(argslen == args->length(), "args array cannot grow inside nested ResoureMark scope");

 }

 /// Dependency stream support (decodes dependencies from an nmethod):

 #ifdef ASSERT

 void Dependencies::DepStream::initial_asserts(size_t byte_limit) {

   assert(must_be_in_vm(), "raw oops here");

   _byte_limit = byte_limit;

   _type       = (DepType)(end_marker-1);  // defeat "already at end" assert

   assert((_code!=NULL) + (_deps!=NULL) == 1, "one or t'other");

 }

 #endif //ASSERT

 bool Dependencies::DepStream::next() {

   assert(_type != end_marker, "already at end");

   if (_bytes.position() == 0 && _code != NULL

       && _code->dependencies_size() == 0) {

     // Method has no dependencies at all.

     return false;

   }

   int code_byte = (_bytes.read_byte() & 0xFF);

   if (code_byte == end_marker) {

     DEBUG_ONLY(_type = end_marker);

     return false;

   } else {

     int ctxk_bit = (code_byte & Dependencies::default_context_type_bit);

     code_byte -= ctxk_bit;

     DepType dept = (DepType)code_byte;

     _type = dept;

     Dependencies::check_valid_dependency_type(dept);

     int stride = _dep_args[dept];

     assert(stride == dep_args(dept), "sanity");

     int skipj = -1;

     if (ctxk_bit != 0) {

       skipj = 0;  // currently the only context argument is at zero

       assert(skipj == dep_context_arg(dept), "zero arg always ctxk");

     }

     for (int j = 0; j < stride; j++) {

       _xi[j] = (j == skipj)? 0: _bytes.read_int();

     }

     DEBUG_ONLY(_xi[stride] = -1);   // help detect overruns

     return true;

   }

 }

 inline Metadata* Dependencies::DepStream::recorded_metadata_at(int i) {

   Metadata* o = NULL;

   if (_code != NULL) {

     o = _code->metadata_at(i);

   } else {

     o = _deps->oop_recorder()->metadata_at(i);

   }

   return o;

 }

 inline oop Dependencies::DepStream::recorded_oop_at(int i) {

   return (_code != NULL)

          ? _code->oop_at(i)

     : JNIHandles::resolve(_deps->oop_recorder()->oop_at(i));

 }

 Metadata* Dependencies::DepStream::argument(int i) {

   Metadata* result = recorded_metadata_at(argument_index(i));

   if (result == NULL) { // Explicit context argument can be compressed

     int ctxkj = dep_context_arg(type());  // -1 if no explicit context arg

     if (ctxkj >= 0 && i == ctxkj && ctxkj+1 < argument_count()) {

       result = ctxk_encoded_as_null(type(), argument(ctxkj+1));

     }

   }

   assert(result == NULL || result->is_klass() || result->is_method(), "must be");

   return result;

 }

 oop Dependencies::DepStream::argument_oop(int i) {

   oop result = recorded_oop_at(argument_index(i));

   assert(result == NULL || result->is_oop(), "must be");

   return result;

 }

 Klass* Dependencies::DepStream::context_type() {

   assert(must_be_in_vm(), "raw oops here");

   // Most dependencies have an explicit context type argument.

   {

     int ctxkj = dep_context_arg(type());  // -1 if no explicit context arg

     if (ctxkj >= 0) {

       Metadata* k = argument(ctxkj);

       assert(k != NULL && k->is_klass(), "type check");

       return (Klass*)k;

     }

   }

   // Some dependencies are using the klass of the first object

   // argument as implicit context type (e.g. call_site_target_value).

   {

     int ctxkj = dep_implicit_context_arg(type());

     if (ctxkj >= 0) {

       Klass* k = argument_oop(ctxkj)->klass();

       assert(k != NULL && k->is_klass(), "type check");

       return (Klass*) k;

     }

   }

   // And some dependencies don't have a context type at all,

   // e.g. evol_method.

   return NULL;

 }

 /// Checking dependencies:

 // This hierarchy walker inspects subtypes of a given type,

 // trying to find a "bad" class which breaks a dependency.

 // Such a class is called a "witness" to the broken dependency.

 // While searching around, we ignore "participants", which

 // are already known to the dependency.

 class ClassHierarchyWalker {

  public:

   enum { PARTICIPANT_LIMIT = 3 };

  private:

   // optional method descriptor to check for:

   Symbol* _name;

   Symbol* _signature;

   // special classes which are not allowed to be witnesses:

   Klass*    _participants[PARTICIPANT_LIMIT+1];

   int       _num_participants;

   // cache of method lookups

   Method* _found_methods[PARTICIPANT_LIMIT+1];

   // if non-zero, tells how many witnesses to convert to participants

   int       _record_witnesses;

   void initialize(Klass* participant) {

     _record_witnesses = 0;

     _participants[0]  = participant;

     _found_methods[0] = NULL;

     _num_participants = 0;

     if (participant != NULL) {

       // Terminating NULL.

       _participants[1] = NULL;

       _found_methods[1] = NULL;

       _num_participants = 1;

     }

   }

   void initialize_from_method(Method* m) {

     assert(m != NULL && m->is_method(), "sanity");

     _name      = m->name();

     _signature = m->signature();

   }

  public:

   // The walker is initialized to recognize certain methods and/or types

   // as friendly participants.

   ClassHierarchyWalker(Klass* participant, Method* m) {

     initialize_from_method(m);

     initialize(participant);

   }

   ClassHierarchyWalker(Method* m) {

     initialize_from_method(m);

     initialize(NULL);

   }

   ClassHierarchyWalker(Klass* participant = NULL) {

     _name      = NULL;

     _signature = NULL;

     initialize(participant);

   }

   ClassHierarchyWalker(Klass* participants[], int num_participants) {

     _name      = NULL;

     _signature = NULL;

     initialize(NULL);

     for (int i = 0; i < num_participants; ++i) {

       add_participant(participants[i]);

     }

   }

   // This is common code for two searches:  One for concrete subtypes,

   // the other for concrete method implementations and overrides.

   bool doing_subtype_search() {

     return _name == NULL;

   }

   int num_participants() { return _num_participants; }

   Klass* participant(int n) {

     assert((uint)n <= (uint)_num_participants, "oob");

     return _participants[n];

   }

   // Note:  If n==num_participants, returns NULL.

   Method* found_method(int n) {

     assert((uint)n <= (uint)_num_participants, "oob");

     Method* fm = _found_methods[n];

     assert(n == _num_participants || fm != NULL, "proper usage");

     if (fm != NULL && fm->method_holder() != _participants[n]) {

       // Default methods from interfaces can be added to classes. In

       // that case the holder of the method is not the class but the

       // interface where it's defined.

       assert(fm->is_default_method(), "sanity");

       return NULL;

     }

     return fm;

   }

 #ifdef ASSERT

   // Assert that m is inherited into ctxk, without intervening overrides.

   // (May return true even if this is not true, in corner cases where we punt.)

   bool check_method_context(Klass* ctxk, Method* m) {

     if (m->method_holder() == ctxk)

       return true;  // Quick win.

     if (m->is_private())

       return false; // Quick lose.  Should not happen.

     if (!(m->is_public() || m->is_protected()))

       // The override story is complex when packages get involved.

       return true;  // Must punt the assertion to true.

     Klass* k = ctxk;

     Method* lm = k->lookup_method(m->name(), m->signature());

     if (lm == NULL && k->oop_is_instance()) {

       // It might be an interface method

         lm = ((InstanceKlass*)k)->lookup_method_in_ordered_interfaces(m->name(),

                                                                 m->signature());

     }

     if (lm == m)

       // Method m is inherited into ctxk.

       return true;

     if (lm != NULL) {

       if (!(lm->is_public() || lm->is_protected())) {

         // Method is [package-]private, so the override story is complex.

         return true;  // Must punt the assertion to true.

       }

       if (lm->is_static()) {

         // Static methods don't override non-static so punt

         return true;

       }

       if (   !Dependencies::is_concrete_method(lm, k)

           && !Dependencies::is_concrete_method(m, ctxk)

           && lm->method_holder()->is_subtype_of(m->method_holder()))

         // Method m is overridden by lm, but both are non-concrete.

         return true;

     }

     ResourceMark rm;

     tty->print_cr("Dependency method not found in the associated context:");

     tty->print_cr("  context = %s", ctxk->external_name());

     tty->print(   "  method = "); m->print_short_name(tty); tty->cr();

     if (lm != NULL) {

       tty->print( "  found = "); lm->print_short_name(tty); tty->cr();

     }

     return false;

   }

 #endif

   void add_participant(Klass* participant) {

     assert(_num_participants + _record_witnesses < PARTICIPANT_LIMIT, "oob");

     int np = _num_participants++;

     _participants[np] = participant;

     _participants[np+1] = NULL;

     _found_methods[np+1] = NULL;

   }

   void record_witnesses(int add) {

     if (add > PARTICIPANT_LIMIT)  add = PARTICIPANT_LIMIT;

     assert(_num_participants + add < PARTICIPANT_LIMIT, "oob");

     _record_witnesses = add;

   }

   bool is_witness(Klass* k) {

     if (doing_subtype_search()) {

       return Dependencies::is_concrete_klass(k);

     } else if (!k->oop_is_instance()) {

       return false; // no methods to find in an array type

     } else {

       // Search class hierarchy first.

       Method* m = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->find_instance_method(_name, _signature);

       if (!Dependencies::is_concrete_method(m, k)) {

         // Check for re-abstraction of method

         if (!k->is_interface() && m != NULL && m->is_abstract()) {

           // Found a matching abstract method 'm' in the class hierarchy.

           // This is fine iff 'k' is an abstract class and all concrete subtypes

           // of 'k' override 'm' and are participates of the current search.

           ClassHierarchyWalker wf(_participants, _num_participants);

           Klass* w = wf.find_witness_subtype(k);

           if (w != NULL) {

             Method* wm = InstanceKlass::cast(w)->find_instance_method(_name, _signature);

             if (!Dependencies::is_concrete_method(wm, w)) {

               // Found a concrete subtype 'w' which does not override abstract method 'm'.

               // Bail out because 'm' could be called with 'w' as receiver (leading to an

               // AbstractMethodError) and thus the method we are looking for is not unique.

               _found_methods[_num_participants] = m;

               return true;

             }

           }

         }

         // Check interface defaults also, if any exist.

         Array<Method*>* default_methods = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->default_methods();

         if (default_methods == NULL)

             return false;

         m = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->find_method(default_methods, _name, _signature);

         if (!Dependencies::is_concrete_method(m, NULL))

             return false;

       }

       _found_methods[_num_participants] = m;

       // Note:  If add_participant(k) is called,

       // the method m will already be memoized for it.

       return true;

     }

   }

   bool is_participant(Klass* k) {

     if (k == _participants[0]) {

       return true;

     } else if (_num_participants <= 1) {

       return false;

     } else {

       return in_list(k, &_participants[1]);

     }

   }

   bool ignore_witness(Klass* witness) {

     if (_record_witnesses == 0) {

       return false;

     } else {

       --_record_witnesses;

       add_participant(witness);

       return true;

     }

   }

   static bool in_list(Klass* x, Klass** list) {

     for (int i = 0; ; i++) {

       Klass* y = list[i];

       if (y == NULL)  break;

       if (y == x)  return true;

     }

     return false;  // not in list

   }

  private:

   // the actual search method:

   Klass* find_witness_anywhere(Klass* context_type,

                                  bool participants_hide_witnesses,

                                  bool top_level_call = true);

   // the spot-checking version:

   Klass* find_witness_in(KlassDepChange& changes,

                          Klass* context_type,

                            bool participants_hide_witnesses);

  public:

   Klass* find_witness_subtype(Klass* context_type, KlassDepChange* changes = NULL) {

     assert(doing_subtype_search(), "must set up a subtype search");

     // When looking for unexpected concrete types,

     // do not look beneath expected ones.

     const bool participants_hide_witnesses = true;

     // CX > CC > C' is OK, even if C' is new.

     // CX > { CC,  C' } is not OK if C' is new, and C' is the witness.

     if (changes != NULL) {

       return find_witness_in(*changes, context_type, participants_hide_witnesses);

     } else {

       return find_witness_anywhere(context_type, participants_hide_witnesses);

     }

   }

   Klass* find_witness_definer(Klass* context_type, KlassDepChange* changes = NULL) {

     assert(!doing_subtype_search(), "must set up a method definer search");

     // When looking for unexpected concrete methods,

     // look beneath expected ones, to see if there are overrides.

     const bool participants_hide_witnesses = true;

     // CX.m > CC.m > C'.m is not OK, if C'.m is new, and C' is the witness.

     if (changes != NULL) {

       return find_witness_in(*changes, context_type, !participants_hide_witnesses);

     } else {

       return find_witness_anywhere(context_type, !participants_hide_witnesses);

     }

   }

 };

 #ifndef PRODUCT

 static int deps_find_witness_calls = 0;

 static int deps_find_witness_steps = 0;

 static int deps_find_witness_recursions = 0;

 static int deps_find_witness_singles = 0;

 static int deps_find_witness_print = 0; // set to -1 to force a final print

 static bool count_find_witness_calls() {

   if (TraceDependencies || LogCompilation) {

     int pcount = deps_find_witness_print + 1;

     bool final_stats      = (pcount == 0);

     bool initial_call     = (pcount == 1);

     bool occasional_print = ((pcount & ((1<<10) - 1)) == 0);

     if (pcount < 0)  pcount = 1; // crude overflow protection

     deps_find_witness_print = pcount;

     if (VerifyDependencies && initial_call) {

       tty->print_cr("Warning:  TraceDependencies results may be inflated by VerifyDependencies");

     }

     if (occasional_print || final_stats) {

       // Every now and then dump a little info about dependency searching.

       if (xtty != NULL) {

        ttyLocker ttyl;

        xtty->elem("deps_find_witness calls='%d' steps='%d' recursions='%d' singles='%d'",

                    deps_find_witness_calls,

                    deps_find_witness_steps,

                    deps_find_witness_recursions,

                    deps_find_witness_singles);

       }

       if (final_stats || (TraceDependencies && WizardMode)) {

         ttyLocker ttyl;

         tty->print_cr("Dependency check (find_witness) "

                       "calls=%d, steps=%d (avg=%.1f), recursions=%d, singles=%d",

                       deps_find_witness_calls,

                       deps_find_witness_steps,

                       (double)deps_find_witness_steps / deps_find_witness_calls,

                       deps_find_witness_recursions,

                       deps_find_witness_singles);

       }

     }

     return true;

   }

   return false;

 }

 #else

 #define count_find_witness_calls() (0)

 #endif //PRODUCT

 Klass* ClassHierarchyWalker::find_witness_in(KlassDepChange& changes,

                                                Klass* context_type,

                                                bool participants_hide_witnesses) {

   assert(changes.involves_context(context_type), "irrelevant dependency");

   Klass* new_type = changes.new_type();

   (void)count_find_witness_calls();

   NOT_PRODUCT(deps_find_witness_singles++);

   // Current thread must be in VM (not native mode, as in CI):

   assert(must_be_in_vm(), "raw oops here");

   // Must not move the class hierarchy during this check:

   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);

   int nof_impls = InstanceKlass::cast(context_type)->nof_implementors();

   if (nof_impls > 1) {

     // Avoid this case: *I.m > { A.m, C }; B.m > C

     // %%% Until this is fixed more systematically, bail out.

     // See corresponding comment in find_witness_anywhere.

     return context_type;

   }

   assert(!is_participant(new_type), "only old classes are participants");

   if (participants_hide_witnesses) {

     // If the new type is a subtype of a participant, we are done.

     for (int i = 0; i < num_participants(); i++) {

       Klass* part = participant(i);

       if (part == NULL)  continue;

       assert(changes.involves_context(part) == new_type->is_subtype_of(part),

              "correct marking of participants, b/c new_type is unique");

       if (changes.involves_context(part)) {

         // new guy is protected from this check by previous participant

         return NULL;

       }

     }

   }

   if (is_witness(new_type) &&

       !ignore_witness(new_type)) {

     return new_type;

   }

   return NULL;

 }

 // Walk hierarchy under a context type, looking for unexpected types.

 // Do not report participant types, and recursively walk beneath

 // them only if participants_hide_witnesses is false.

 // If top_level_call is false, skip testing the context type,

 // because the caller has already considered it.

 Klass* ClassHierarchyWalker::find_witness_anywhere(Klass* context_type,

                                                      bool participants_hide_witnesses,

                                                      bool top_level_call) {

   // Current thread must be in VM (not native mode, as in CI):

   assert(must_be_in_vm(), "raw oops here");

   // Must not move the class hierarchy during this check:

   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);

   bool do_counts = count_find_witness_calls();

   // Check the root of the sub-hierarchy first.

   if (top_level_call) {

     if (do_counts) {

       NOT_PRODUCT(deps_find_witness_calls++);

       NOT_PRODUCT(deps_find_witness_steps++);

     }

     if (is_participant(context_type)) {

       if (participants_hide_witnesses)  return NULL;

       // else fall through to search loop...

     } else if (is_witness(context_type) && !ignore_witness(context_type)) {

       // The context is an abstract class or interface, to start with.

       return context_type;

     }

   }

   // Now we must check each implementor and each subclass.

   // Use a short worklist to avoid blowing the stack.

   // Each worklist entry is a *chain* of subklass siblings to process.

   const int CHAINMAX = 100;  // >= 1 + InstanceKlass::implementors_limit

   Klass* chains[CHAINMAX];

   int    chaini = 0;  // index into worklist

   Klass* chain;       // scratch variable

 #define ADD_SUBCLASS_CHAIN(k)                     {  \

     assert(chaini < CHAINMAX, "oob");                \

     chain = k->subklass();                           \

     if (chain != NULL)  chains[chaini++] = chain;    }

   // Look for non-abstract subclasses.

   // (Note:  Interfaces do not have subclasses.)

   ADD_SUBCLASS_CHAIN(context_type);

   // If it is an interface, search its direct implementors.

   // (Their subclasses are additional indirect implementors.

   // See InstanceKlass::add_implementor.)

   // (Note:  nof_implementors is always zero for non-interfaces.)

   if (top_level_call) {

     int nof_impls = InstanceKlass::cast(context_type)->nof_implementors();

     if (nof_impls > 1) {

       // Avoid this case: *I.m > { A.m, C }; B.m > C

       // Here, I.m has 2 concrete implementations, but m appears unique

       // as A.m, because the search misses B.m when checking C.

       // The inherited method B.m was getting missed by the walker

       // when interface 'I' was the starting point.

       // %%% Until this is fixed more systematically, bail out.

       // (Old CHA had the same limitation.)

       return context_type;

     }

     if (nof_impls > 0) {

       Klass* impl = InstanceKlass::cast(context_type)->implementor();

       assert(impl != NULL, "just checking");

       // If impl is the same as the context_type, then more than one

       // implementor has seen. No exact info in this case.

       if (impl == context_type) {

         return context_type;  // report an inexact witness to this sad affair

       }

       if (do_counts)

         { NOT_PRODUCT(deps_find_witness_steps++); }

       if (is_participant(impl)) {

         if (!participants_hide_witnesses) {

           ADD_SUBCLASS_CHAIN(impl);

         }

       } else if (is_witness(impl) && !ignore_witness(impl)) {

         return impl;

       } else {

         ADD_SUBCLASS_CHAIN(impl);

       }

     }

   }

   // Recursively process each non-trivial sibling chain.

   while (chaini > 0) {

     Klass* chain = chains[--chaini];

     for (Klass* sub = chain; sub != NULL; sub = sub->next_sibling()) {

       if (do_counts) { NOT_PRODUCT(deps_find_witness_steps++); }

       if (is_participant(sub)) {

         if (participants_hide_witnesses)  continue;

         // else fall through to process this guy's subclasses

       } else if (is_witness(sub) && !ignore_witness(sub)) {

         return sub;

       }

       if (chaini < (VerifyDependencies? 2: CHAINMAX)) {

         // Fast path.  (Partially disabled if VerifyDependencies.)

         ADD_SUBCLASS_CHAIN(sub);

       } else {

         // Worklist overflow.  Do a recursive call.  Should be rare.

         // The recursive call will have its own worklist, of course.

         // (Note that sub has already been tested, so that there is

         // no need for the recursive call to re-test.  That's handy,

         // since the recursive call sees sub as the context_type.)

         if (do_counts) { NOT_PRODUCT(deps_find_witness_recursions++); }

         Klass* witness = find_witness_anywhere(sub,

                                                  participants_hide_witnesses,

                                                  /*top_level_call=*/ false);

         if (witness != NULL)  return witness;

       }

     }

   }

   // No witness found.  The dependency remains unbroken.

   return NULL;

 #undef ADD_SUBCLASS_CHAIN

 }

 bool Dependencies::is_concrete_klass(Klass* k) {

   if (k->is_abstract())  return false;

   // %%% We could treat classes which are concrete but

   // have not yet been instantiated as virtually abstract.

   // This would require a deoptimization barrier on first instantiation.

   //if (k->is_not_instantiated())  return false;

   return true;

 }

 bool Dependencies::is_concrete_method(Method* m, Klass * k) {

   // NULL is not a concrete method,

   // statics are irrelevant to virtual call sites,

   // abstract methods are not concrete,

   // overpass (error) methods are not concrete if k is abstract

   //

   // note "true" is conservative answer --

   //     overpass clause is false if k == NULL, implies return true if

   //     answer depends on overpass clause.

   return ! ( m == NULL || m -> is_static() || m -> is_abstract() ||

              m->is_overpass() && k != NULL && k -> is_abstract() );

 }

 Klass* Dependencies::find_finalizable_subclass(Klass* k) {

   if (k->is_interface())  return NULL;

   if (k->has_finalizer()) return k;

   k = k->subklass();

   while (k != NULL) {

     Klass* result = find_finalizable_subclass(k);

     if (result != NULL) return result;

     k = k->next_sibling();

   }

   return NULL;

 }

 bool Dependencies::is_concrete_klass(ciInstanceKlass* k) {

   if (k->is_abstract())  return false;

   // We could also return false if k does not yet appear to be

   // instantiated, if the VM version supports this distinction also.

   //if (k->is_not_instantiated())  return false;

   return true;

 }

 bool Dependencies::has_finalizable_subclass(ciInstanceKlass* k) {

   return k->has_finalizable_subclass();

 }

 // Any use of the contents (bytecodes) of a method must be

 // marked by an "evol_method" dependency, if those contents

 // can change.  (Note: A method is always dependent on itself.)

 Klass* Dependencies::check_evol_method(Method* m) {

   assert(must_be_in_vm(), "raw oops here");

   // Did somebody do a JVMTI RedefineClasses while our backs were turned?

   // Or is there a now a breakpoint?

   // (Assumes compiled code cannot handle bkpts; change if UseFastBreakpoints.)

   if (m->is_old()

       || m->number_of_breakpoints() > 0) {

     return m->method_holder();

   } else {

     return NULL;

   }

 }

 // This is a strong assertion:  It is that the given type

 // has no subtypes whatever.  It is most useful for

 // optimizing checks on reflected types or on array types.

 // (Checks on types which are derived from real instances

 // can be optimized more strongly than this, because we

 // know that the checked type comes from a concrete type,

 // and therefore we can disregard abstract types.)

 Klass* Dependencies::check_leaf_type(Klass* ctxk) {

   assert(must_be_in_vm(), "raw oops here");

   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);

   InstanceKlass* ctx = InstanceKlass::cast(ctxk);

   Klass* sub = ctx->subklass();

   if (sub != NULL) {

     return sub;

   } else if (ctx->nof_implementors() != 0) {

     // if it is an interface, it must be unimplemented

     // (if it is not an interface, nof_implementors is always zero)

     Klass* impl = ctx->implementor();

     assert(impl != NULL, "must be set");

     return impl;

   } else {

     return NULL;

   }

 }

 // Test the assertion that conck is the only concrete subtype* of ctxk.

 // The type conck itself is allowed to have have further concrete subtypes.

 // This allows the compiler to narrow occurrences of ctxk by conck,

 // when dealing with the types of actual instances.

 Klass* Dependencies::check_abstract_with_unique_concrete_subtype(Klass* ctxk,

                                                                    Klass* conck,

                                                                    KlassDepChange* changes) {

   ClassHierarchyWalker wf(conck);

   return wf.find_witness_subtype(ctxk, changes);

 }

 // If a non-concrete class has no concrete subtypes, it is not (yet)

 // instantiatable.  This can allow the compiler to make some paths go

 // dead, if they are gated by a test of the type.

 Klass* Dependencies::check_abstract_with_no_concrete_subtype(Klass* ctxk,

                                                                KlassDepChange* changes) {

   // Find any concrete subtype, with no participants:

   ClassHierarchyWalker wf;

   return wf.find_witness_subtype(ctxk, changes);

 }

 // If a concrete class has no concrete subtypes, it can always be

 // exactly typed.  This allows the use of a cheaper type test.

 Klass* Dependencies::check_concrete_with_no_concrete_subtype(Klass* ctxk,

                                                                KlassDepChange* changes) {

   // Find any concrete subtype, with only the ctxk as participant:

   ClassHierarchyWalker wf(ctxk);

   return wf.find_witness_subtype(ctxk, changes);

 }

 // Find the unique concrete proper subtype of ctxk, or NULL if there

 // is more than one concrete proper subtype.  If there are no concrete

 // proper subtypes, return ctxk itself, whether it is concrete or not.

 // The returned subtype is allowed to have have further concrete subtypes.

 // That is, return CC1 for CX > CC1 > CC2, but NULL for CX > { CC1, CC2 }.

 Klass* Dependencies::find_unique_concrete_subtype(Klass* ctxk) {

   ClassHierarchyWalker wf(ctxk);   // Ignore ctxk when walking.

   wf.record_witnesses(1);          // Record one other witness when walking.

   Klass* wit = wf.find_witness_subtype(ctxk);

   if (wit != NULL)  return NULL;   // Too many witnesses.

   Klass* conck = wf.participant(0);

   if (conck == NULL) {

 #ifndef PRODUCT

     // Make sure the dependency mechanism will pass this discovery:

     if (VerifyDependencies) {

       // Turn off dependency tracing while actually testing deps.

       FlagSetting fs(TraceDependencies, false);

       if (!Dependencies::is_concrete_klass(ctxk)) {

         guarantee(NULL ==

                   (void *)check_abstract_with_no_concrete_subtype(ctxk),

                   "verify dep.");

       } else {

         guarantee(NULL ==

                   (void *)check_concrete_with_no_concrete_subtype(ctxk),

                   "verify dep.");

       }

     }

 #endif //PRODUCT

     return ctxk;                   // Return ctxk as a flag for "no subtypes".

   } else {

 #ifndef PRODUCT

     // Make sure the dependency mechanism will pass this discovery:

     if (VerifyDependencies) {

       // Turn off dependency tracing while actually testing deps.

       FlagSetting fs(TraceDependencies, false);

       if (!Dependencies::is_concrete_klass(ctxk)) {

         guarantee(NULL == (void *)

                   check_abstract_with_unique_concrete_subtype(ctxk, conck),

                   "verify dep.");

       }

     }

 #endif //PRODUCT

     return conck;

   }

 }

 // Test the assertion that the k[12] are the only concrete subtypes of ctxk,

 // except possibly for further subtypes of k[12] themselves.

 // The context type must be abstract.  The types k1 and k2 are themselves

 // allowed to have further concrete subtypes.

 Klass* Dependencies::check_abstract_with_exclusive_concrete_subtypes(

                                                 Klass* ctxk,

                                                 Klass* k1,

                                                 Klass* k2,

                                                 KlassDepChange* changes) {

   ClassHierarchyWalker wf;

   wf.add_participant(k1);

   wf.add_participant(k2);

   return wf.find_witness_subtype(ctxk, changes);

 }

 // Search ctxk for concrete implementations.  If there are klen or fewer,

 // pack them into the given array and return the number.

 // Otherwise, return -1, meaning the given array would overflow.

 // (Note that a return of 0 means there are exactly no concrete subtypes.)

 // In this search, if ctxk is concrete, it will be reported alone.

 // For any type CC reported, no proper subtypes of CC will be reported.

 int Dependencies::find_exclusive_concrete_subtypes(Klass* ctxk,

                                                    int klen,

                                                    Klass* karray[]) {

   ClassHierarchyWalker wf;

   wf.record_witnesses(klen);

   Klass* wit = wf.find_witness_subtype(ctxk);

   if (wit != NULL)  return -1;  // Too many witnesses.

   int num = wf.num_participants();

   assert(num <= klen, "oob");

   // Pack the result array with the good news.

   for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)

     karray[i] = wf.participant(i);

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   // Make sure the dependency mechanism will pass this discovery:

   if (VerifyDependencies) {

     // Turn off dependency tracing while actually testing deps.

     FlagSetting fs(TraceDependencies, false);

     switch (Dependencies::is_concrete_klass(ctxk)? -1: num) {

     case -1: // ctxk was itself concrete

       guarantee(num == 1 && karray[0] == ctxk, "verify dep.");

       break;

     case 0:

       guarantee(NULL == (void *)check_abstract_with_no_concrete_subtype(ctxk),

                 "verify dep.");

       break;

     case 1:

       guarantee(NULL == (void *)

                 check_abstract_with_unique_concrete_subtype(ctxk, karray[0]),

                 "verify dep.");

       break;

     case 2:

       guarantee(NULL == (void *)

                 check_abstract_with_exclusive_concrete_subtypes(ctxk,

                                                                 karray[0],

                                                                 karray[1]),

                 "verify dep.");

       break;

     default:

       ShouldNotReachHere();  // klen > 2 yet supported

     }

   }

 #endif //PRODUCT

   return num;

 }

 // If a class (or interface) has a unique concrete method uniqm, return NULL.

 // Otherwise, return a class that contains an interfering method.

 Klass* Dependencies::check_unique_concrete_method(Klass* ctxk, Method* uniqm,

                                                     KlassDepChange* changes) {

   // Here is a missing optimization:  If uniqm->is_final(),

   // we don't really need to search beneath it for overrides.

   // This is probably not important, since we don't use dependencies

   // to track final methods.  (They can't be "definalized".)

   ClassHierarchyWalker wf(uniqm->method_holder(), uniqm);

   return wf.find_witness_definer(ctxk, changes);

 }

 // Find the set of all non-abstract methods under ctxk that match m.

 // (The method m must be defined or inherited in ctxk.)

 // Include m itself in the set, unless it is abstract.

 // If this set has exactly one element, return that element.

 Method* Dependencies::find_unique_concrete_method(Klass* ctxk, Method* m) {

   ClassHierarchyWalker wf(m);

   assert(wf.check_method_context(ctxk, m), "proper context");

   wf.record_witnesses(1);

   Klass* wit = wf.find_witness_definer(ctxk);

   if (wit != NULL)  return NULL;  // Too many witnesses.

   Method* fm = wf.found_method(0);  // Will be NULL if num_parts == 0.

   if (Dependencies::is_concrete_method(m, ctxk)) {

     if (fm == NULL) {

       // It turns out that m was always the only implementation.

       fm = m;

     } else if (fm != m) {

       // Two conflicting implementations after all.

       // (This can happen if m is inherited into ctxk and fm overrides it.)

       return NULL;

     }

   }

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   // Make sure the dependency mechanism will pass this discovery:

   if (VerifyDependencies && fm != NULL) {

     guarantee(NULL == (void *)check_unique_concrete_method(ctxk, fm),

               "verify dep.");

   }

 #endif //PRODUCT

   return fm;

 }

 Klass* Dependencies::check_exclusive_concrete_methods(Klass* ctxk,

                                                         Method* m1,

                                                         Method* m2,

                                                         KlassDepChange* changes) {

   ClassHierarchyWalker wf(m1);

   wf.add_participant(m1->method_holder());

   wf.add_participant(m2->method_holder());

   return wf.find_witness_definer(ctxk, changes);

 }

 Klass* Dependencies::check_has_no_finalizable_subclasses(Klass* ctxk, KlassDepChange* changes) {

   Klass* search_at = ctxk;

   if (changes != NULL)

     search_at = changes->new_type(); // just look at the new bit

   return find_finalizable_subclass(search_at);

 }

 Klass* Dependencies::check_call_site_target_value(oop call_site, oop method_handle, CallSiteDepChange* changes) {

   assert(call_site    ->is_a(SystemDictionary::CallSite_klass()),     "sanity");

   assert(method_handle->is_a(SystemDictionary::MethodHandle_klass()), "sanity");

   if (changes == NULL) {

     // Validate all CallSites

     if (java_lang_invoke_CallSite::target(call_site) != method_handle)

       return call_site->klass();  // assertion failed

   } else {

     // Validate the given CallSite

     if (call_site == changes->call_site() && java_lang_invoke_CallSite::target(call_site) != changes->method_handle()) {

       assert(method_handle != changes->method_handle(), "must be");

       return call_site->klass();  // assertion failed

     }

   }

   return NULL;  // assertion still valid

 }

 void Dependencies::DepStream::trace_and_log_witness(Klass* witness) {

   if (witness != NULL) {

     if (TraceDependencies) {

       print_dependency(witness, /*verbose=*/ true);

     }

     // The following is a no-op unless logging is enabled:

     log_dependency(witness);

   }

 }

 Klass* Dependencies::DepStream::check_klass_dependency(KlassDepChange* changes) {

   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);

   Dependencies::check_valid_dependency_type(type());

   Klass* witness = NULL;

   switch (type()) {

   case evol_method:

     witness = check_evol_method(method_argument(0));

     break;

   case leaf_type:

     witness = check_leaf_type(context_type());

     break;

   case abstract_with_unique_concrete_subtype:

     witness = check_abstract_with_unique_concrete_subtype(context_type(), type_argument(1), changes);

     break;

   case abstract_with_no_concrete_subtype:

     witness = check_abstract_with_no_concrete_subtype(context_type(), changes);

     break;

   case concrete_with_no_concrete_subtype:

     witness = check_concrete_with_no_concrete_subtype(context_type(), changes);

     break;

   case unique_concrete_method:

     witness = check_unique_concrete_method(context_type(), method_argument(1), changes);

     break;

   case abstract_with_exclusive_concrete_subtypes_2:

     witness = check_abstract_with_exclusive_concrete_subtypes(context_type(), type_argument(1), type_argument(2), changes);

     break;

   case exclusive_concrete_methods_2:

     witness = check_exclusive_concrete_methods(context_type(), method_argument(1), method_argument(2), changes);

     break;

   case no_finalizable_subclasses:

     witness = check_has_no_finalizable_subclasses(context_type(), changes);

     break;

   default:

     witness = NULL;

     break;

   }

   trace_and_log_witness(witness);

   return witness;

 }

 Klass* Dependencies::DepStream::check_call_site_dependency(CallSiteDepChange* changes) {

   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);

   Dependencies::check_valid_dependency_type(type());

   Klass* witness = NULL;

   switch (type()) {

   case call_site_target_value:

     witness = check_call_site_target_value(argument_oop(0), argument_oop(1), changes);

     break;

   default:

     witness = NULL;

     break;

   }

   trace_and_log_witness(witness);

   return witness;

 }

 Klass* Dependencies::DepStream::spot_check_dependency_at(DepChange& changes) {

   // Handle klass dependency

   if (changes.is_klass_change() && changes.as_klass_change()->involves_context(context_type()))

     return check_klass_dependency(changes.as_klass_change());

   // Handle CallSite dependency

   if (changes.is_call_site_change())

     return check_call_site_dependency(changes.as_call_site_change());

   // irrelevant dependency; skip it

   return NULL;

 }

 void DepChange::print() {

   int nsup = 0, nint = 0;

   for (ContextStream str(*this); str.next(); ) {

     Klass* k = str.klass();

     switch (str.change_type()) {

     case Change_new_type:

       tty->print_cr("  dependee = %s", InstanceKlass::cast(k)->external_name());

       break;

     case Change_new_sub:

       if (!WizardMode) {

         ++nsup;

       } else {

         tty->print_cr("  context super = %s", InstanceKlass::cast(k)->external_name());

       }

       break;

     case Change_new_impl:

       if (!WizardMode) {

         ++nint;

       } else {

         tty->print_cr("  context interface = %s", InstanceKlass::cast(k)->external_name());

       }

       break;

     }

   }

   if (nsup + nint != 0) {

     tty->print_cr("  context supers = %d, interfaces = %d", nsup, nint);

   }

 }

 void DepChange::ContextStream::start() {

   Klass* new_type = _changes.is_klass_change() ? _changes.as_klass_change()->new_type() : (Klass*) NULL;

   _change_type = (new_type == NULL ? NO_CHANGE : Start_Klass);

   _klass = new_type;

   _ti_base = NULL;

   _ti_index = 0;

   _ti_limit = 0;

 }

 bool DepChange::ContextStream::next() {

   switch (_change_type) {

   case Start_Klass:             // initial state; _klass is the new type

     _ti_base = InstanceKlass::cast(_klass)->transitive_interfaces();

     _ti_index = 0;

     _change_type = Change_new_type;

     return true;

   case Change_new_type:

     // fall through:

     _change_type = Change_new_sub;

   case Change_new_sub:

     // 6598190: brackets workaround Sun Studio C++ compiler bug 6629277

     {

       _klass = InstanceKlass::cast(_klass)->super();

       if (_klass != NULL) {

         return true;

       }

     }

     // else set up _ti_limit and fall through:

     _ti_limit = (_ti_base == NULL) ? 0 : _ti_base->length();

     _change_type = Change_new_impl;

   case Change_new_impl:

     if (_ti_index < _ti_limit) {

       _klass = _ti_base->at(_ti_index++);

       return true;

     }

     // fall through:

     _change_type = NO_CHANGE;  // iterator is exhausted

   case NO_CHANGE:

     break;

   default:

     ShouldNotReachHere();

   }

   return false;

 }

 void KlassDepChange::initialize() {

   // entire transaction must be under this lock:

   assert_lock_strong(Compile_lock);

   // Mark all dependee and all its superclasses

   // Mark transitive interfaces

   for (ContextStream str(*this); str.next(); ) {

     Klass* d = str.klass();

     assert(!InstanceKlass::cast(d)->is_marked_dependent(), "checking");

     InstanceKlass::cast(d)->set_is_marked_dependent(true);

   }

 }

 KlassDepChange::~KlassDepChange() {

   // Unmark all dependee and all its superclasses

   // Unmark transitive interfaces

   for (ContextStream str(*this); str.next(); ) {

     Klass* d = str.klass();

     InstanceKlass::cast(d)->set_is_marked_dependent(false);

   }

 }

 bool KlassDepChange::involves_context(Klass* k) {

   if (k == NULL || !k->oop_is_instance()) {

     return false;

   }

   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);

   bool is_contained = ik->is_marked_dependent();

   assert(is_contained == new_type()->is_subtype_of(k),

          "correct marking of potential context types");

   return is_contained;

 }

 #ifndef PRODUCT

 void Dependencies::print_statistics() {

   if (deps_find_witness_print != 0) {

     // Call one final time, to flush out the data.

     deps_find_witness_print = -1;

     count_find_witness_calls();

   }

 }

 #endif