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 /*

  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

  *

  */

 #include "precompiled.hpp"

 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"

 #include "code/debugInfoRec.hpp"

 #include "code/nmethod.hpp"

 #include "code/pcDesc.hpp"

 #include "code/scopeDesc.hpp"

 #include "interpreter/bytecode.hpp"

 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"

 #include "interpreter/oopMapCache.hpp"

 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"

 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"

 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"

 #include "oops/method.hpp"

 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

 #include "prims/jvmtiThreadState.hpp"

 #include "runtime/biasedLocking.hpp"

 #include "runtime/compilationPolicy.hpp"

 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"

 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"

 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"

 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"

 #include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"

 #include "runtime/thread.hpp"

 #include "runtime/vframe.hpp"

 #include "runtime/vframeArray.hpp"

 #include "runtime/vframe_hp.hpp"

 #include "utilities/events.hpp"

 #include "utilities/xmlstream.hpp"

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_x86

 # include "vmreg_x86.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_sparc

 # include "vmreg_sparc.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_zero

 # include "vmreg_zero.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_arm

 # include "vmreg_arm.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_ppc

 # include "vmreg_ppc.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef COMPILER2

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_x86_32

 # include "adfiles/ad_x86_32.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_x86_64

 # include "adfiles/ad_x86_64.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_sparc

 # include "adfiles/ad_sparc.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_zero

 # include "adfiles/ad_zero.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_arm

 # include "adfiles/ad_arm.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_ppc_32

 # include "adfiles/ad_ppc_32.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_ppc_64

 # include "adfiles/ad_ppc_64.hpp"

 #endif

 #endif // COMPILER2

 PRAGMA_FORMAT_MUTE_WARNINGS_FOR_GCC

 bool DeoptimizationMarker::_is_active = false;

 Deoptimization::UnrollBlock::UnrollBlock(int  size_of_deoptimized_frame,

                                          int  caller_adjustment,

                                          int  caller_actual_parameters,

                                          int  number_of_frames,

                                          intptr_t* frame_sizes,

                                          address* frame_pcs,

                                          BasicType return_type) {

   _size_of_deoptimized_frame = size_of_deoptimized_frame;

   _caller_adjustment         = caller_adjustment;

   _caller_actual_parameters  = caller_actual_parameters;

   _number_of_frames          = number_of_frames;

   _frame_sizes               = frame_sizes;

   _frame_pcs                 = frame_pcs;

   _register_block            = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(intptr_t, RegisterMap::reg_count * 2, mtCompiler);

   _return_type               = return_type;

   _initial_info              = 0;

   // PD (x86 only)

   _counter_temp              = 0;

   _unpack_kind               = 0;

   _sender_sp_temp            = 0;

   _total_frame_sizes         = size_of_frames();

 }

 Deoptimization::UnrollBlock::~UnrollBlock() {

   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(intptr_t, _frame_sizes, mtCompiler);

   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(intptr_t, _frame_pcs, mtCompiler);

   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(intptr_t, _register_block, mtCompiler);

 }

 intptr_t* Deoptimization::UnrollBlock::value_addr_at(int register_number) const {

   assert(register_number < RegisterMap::reg_count, "checking register number");

   return &_register_block[register_number * 2];

 }

 int Deoptimization::UnrollBlock::size_of_frames() const {

   // Acount first for the adjustment of the initial frame

   int result = _caller_adjustment;

   for (int index = 0; index < number_of_frames(); index++) {

     result += frame_sizes()[index];

   }

   return result;

 }

 void Deoptimization::UnrollBlock::print() {

   ttyLocker ttyl;

   tty->print_cr("UnrollBlock");

   tty->print_cr("  size_of_deoptimized_frame = %d", _size_of_deoptimized_frame);

   tty->print(   "  frame_sizes: ");

   for (int index = 0; index < number_of_frames(); index++) {

     tty->print("%d ", frame_sizes()[index]);

   }

   tty->cr();

 }

 // In order to make fetch_unroll_info work properly with escape

 // analysis, The method was changed from JRT_LEAF to JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY and

 // ResetNoHandleMark and HandleMark were removed from it. The actual reallocation

 // of previously eliminated objects occurs in realloc_objects, which is

 // called from the method fetch_unroll_info_helper below.

 JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(Deoptimization::UnrollBlock*, Deoptimization::fetch_unroll_info(JavaThread* thread))

   // It is actually ok to allocate handles in a leaf method. It causes no safepoints,

   // but makes the entry a little slower. There is however a little dance we have to

   // do in debug mode to get around the NoHandleMark code in the JRT_LEAF macro

   // fetch_unroll_info() is called at the beginning of the deoptimization

   // handler. Note this fact before we start generating temporary frames

   // that can confuse an asynchronous stack walker. This counter is

   // decremented at the end of unpack_frames().

   thread->inc_in_deopt_handler();

   return fetch_unroll_info_helper(thread);

 JRT_END

 // This is factored, since it is both called from a JRT_LEAF (deoptimization) and a JRT_ENTRY (uncommon_trap)

 Deoptimization::UnrollBlock* Deoptimization::fetch_unroll_info_helper(JavaThread* thread) {

   // Note: there is a safepoint safety issue here. No matter whether we enter

   // via vanilla deopt or uncommon trap we MUST NOT stop at a safepoint once

   // the vframeArray is created.

   //

   // Allocate our special deoptimization ResourceMark

   DeoptResourceMark* dmark = new DeoptResourceMark(thread);

   assert(thread->deopt_mark() == NULL, "Pending deopt!");

   thread->set_deopt_mark(dmark);

   frame stub_frame = thread->last_frame(); // Makes stack walkable as side effect

   RegisterMap map(thread, true);

   RegisterMap dummy_map(thread, false);

   // Now get the deoptee with a valid map

   frame deoptee = stub_frame.sender(&map);

   // Set the deoptee nmethod

   assert(thread->deopt_nmethod() == NULL, "Pending deopt!");

   thread->set_deopt_nmethod(deoptee.cb()->as_nmethod_or_null());

   if (VerifyStack) {

     thread->validate_frame_layout();

   }

   // Create a growable array of VFrames where each VFrame represents an inlined

   // Java frame.  This storage is allocated with the usual system arena.

   assert(deoptee.is_compiled_frame(), "Wrong frame type");

   GrowableArray<compiledVFrame*>* chunk = new GrowableArray<compiledVFrame*>(10);

   vframe* vf = vframe::new_vframe(&deoptee, &map, thread);

   while (!vf->is_top()) {

     assert(vf->is_compiled_frame(), "Wrong frame type");

     chunk->push(compiledVFrame::cast(vf));

     vf = vf->sender();

   }

   assert(vf->is_compiled_frame(), "Wrong frame type");

   chunk->push(compiledVFrame::cast(vf));

 #ifdef COMPILER2

   // Reallocate the non-escaping objects and restore their fields. Then

   // relock objects if synchronization on them was eliminated.

   if (DoEscapeAnalysis || EliminateNestedLocks) {

     if (EliminateAllocations) {

       assert (chunk->at(0)->scope() != NULL,"expect only compiled java frames");

       GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>* objects = chunk->at(0)->scope()->objects();

       // The flag return_oop() indicates call sites which return oop

       // in compiled code. Such sites include java method calls,

       // runtime calls (for example, used to allocate new objects/arrays

       // on slow code path) and any other calls generated in compiled code.

       // It is not guaranteed that we can get such information here only

       // by analyzing bytecode in deoptimized frames. This is why this flag

       // is set during method compilation (see Compile::Process_OopMap_Node()).

       bool save_oop_result = chunk->at(0)->scope()->return_oop();

       Handle return_value;

       if (save_oop_result) {

         // Reallocation may trigger GC. If deoptimization happened on return from

         // call which returns oop we need to save it since it is not in oopmap.

         oop result = deoptee.saved_oop_result(&map);

         assert(result == NULL || result->is_oop(), "must be oop");

         return_value = Handle(thread, result);

         assert(Universe::heap()->is_in_or_null(result), "must be heap pointer");

         if (TraceDeoptimization) {

           ttyLocker ttyl;

           tty->print_cr("SAVED OOP RESULT " INTPTR_FORMAT " in thread " INTPTR_FORMAT, (void *)result, thread);

         }

       }

       bool reallocated = false;

       if (objects != NULL) {

         JRT_BLOCK

           reallocated = realloc_objects(thread, &deoptee, objects, THREAD);

         JRT_END

       }

       if (reallocated) {

         reassign_fields(&deoptee, &map, objects);

 #ifndef PRODUCT

         if (TraceDeoptimization) {

           ttyLocker ttyl;

           tty->print_cr("REALLOC OBJECTS in thread " INTPTR_FORMAT, thread);

           print_objects(objects);

         }

 #endif

       }

       if (save_oop_result) {

         // Restore result.

         deoptee.set_saved_oop_result(&map, return_value());

       }

     }

     if (EliminateLocks) {

 #ifndef PRODUCT

       bool first = true;

 #endif

       for (int i = 0; i < chunk->length(); i++) {

         compiledVFrame* cvf = chunk->at(i);

         assert (cvf->scope() != NULL,"expect only compiled java frames");

         GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*>* monitors = cvf->monitors();

         if (monitors->is_nonempty()) {

           relock_objects(monitors, thread);

 #ifndef PRODUCT

           if (TraceDeoptimization) {

             ttyLocker ttyl;

             for (int j = 0; j < monitors->length(); j++) {

               MonitorInfo* mi = monitors->at(j);

               if (mi->eliminated()) {

                 if (first) {

                   first = false;

                   tty->print_cr("RELOCK OBJECTS in thread " INTPTR_FORMAT, thread);

                 }

                 tty->print_cr("     object <" INTPTR_FORMAT "> locked", (void *)mi->owner());

               }

             }

           }

 #endif

         }

       }

     }

   }

 #endif // COMPILER2

   // Ensure that no safepoint is taken after pointers have been stored

   // in fields of rematerialized objects.  If a safepoint occurs from here on

   // out the java state residing in the vframeArray will be missed.

   No_Safepoint_Verifier no_safepoint;

   vframeArray* array = create_vframeArray(thread, deoptee, &map, chunk);

   assert(thread->vframe_array_head() == NULL, "Pending deopt!");;

   thread->set_vframe_array_head(array);

   // Now that the vframeArray has been created if we have any deferred local writes

   // added by jvmti then we can free up that structure as the data is now in the

   // vframeArray

   if (thread->deferred_locals() != NULL) {

     GrowableArray<jvmtiDeferredLocalVariableSet*>* list = thread->deferred_locals();

     int i = 0;

     do {

       // Because of inlining we could have multiple vframes for a single frame

       // and several of the vframes could have deferred writes. Find them all.

       if (list->at(i)->id() == array->original().id()) {

         jvmtiDeferredLocalVariableSet* dlv = list->at(i);

         list->remove_at(i);

         // individual jvmtiDeferredLocalVariableSet are CHeapObj's

         delete dlv;

       } else {

         i++;

       }

     } while ( i < list->length() );

     if (list->length() == 0) {

       thread->set_deferred_locals(NULL);

       // free the list and elements back to C heap.

       delete list;

     }

   }

 #ifndef SHARK

   // Compute the caller frame based on the sender sp of stub_frame and stored frame sizes info.

   CodeBlob* cb = stub_frame.cb();

   // Verify we have the right vframeArray

   assert(cb->frame_size() >= 0, "Unexpected frame size");

   intptr_t* unpack_sp = stub_frame.sp() + cb->frame_size();

   // If the deopt call site is a MethodHandle invoke call site we have

   // to adjust the unpack_sp.

   nmethod* deoptee_nm = deoptee.cb()->as_nmethod_or_null();

   if (deoptee_nm != NULL && deoptee_nm->is_method_handle_return(deoptee.pc()))

     unpack_sp = deoptee.unextended_sp();

 #ifdef ASSERT

   assert(cb->is_deoptimization_stub() || cb->is_uncommon_trap_stub(), "just checking");

 #endif

 #else

   intptr_t* unpack_sp = stub_frame.sender(&dummy_map).unextended_sp();

 #endif // !SHARK

   // This is a guarantee instead of an assert because if vframe doesn't match

   // we will unpack the wrong deoptimized frame and wind up in strange places

   // where it will be very difficult to figure out what went wrong. Better

   // to die an early death here than some very obscure death later when the

   // trail is cold.

   // Note: on ia64 this guarantee can be fooled by frames with no memory stack

   // in that it will fail to detect a problem when there is one. This needs

   // more work in tiger timeframe.

   guarantee(array->unextended_sp() == unpack_sp, "vframe_array_head must contain the vframeArray to unpack");

   int number_of_frames = array->frames();

   // Compute the vframes' sizes.  Note that frame_sizes[] entries are ordered from outermost to innermost

   // virtual activation, which is the reverse of the elements in the vframes array.

   intptr_t* frame_sizes = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(intptr_t, number_of_frames, mtCompiler);

   // +1 because we always have an interpreter return address for the final slot.

   address* frame_pcs = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(address, number_of_frames + 1, mtCompiler);

   int popframe_extra_args = 0;

   // Create an interpreter return address for the stub to use as its return

   // address so the skeletal frames are perfectly walkable

   frame_pcs[number_of_frames] = Interpreter::deopt_entry(vtos, 0);

   // PopFrame requires that the preserved incoming arguments from the recently-popped topmost

   // activation be put back on the expression stack of the caller for reexecution

   if (JvmtiExport::can_pop_frame() && thread->popframe_forcing_deopt_reexecution()) {

     popframe_extra_args = in_words(thread->popframe_preserved_args_size_in_words());

   }

   // Find the current pc for sender of the deoptee. Since the sender may have been deoptimized

   // itself since the deoptee vframeArray was created we must get a fresh value of the pc rather

   // than simply use array->sender.pc(). This requires us to walk the current set of frames

   //

   frame deopt_sender = stub_frame.sender(&dummy_map); // First is the deoptee frame

   deopt_sender = deopt_sender.sender(&dummy_map);     // Now deoptee caller

   // It's possible that the number of paramters at the call site is

   // different than number of arguments in the callee when method

   // handles are used.  If the caller is interpreted get the real

   // value so that the proper amount of space can be added to it's

   // frame.

   bool caller_was_method_handle = false;

   if (deopt_sender.is_interpreted_frame()) {

     methodHandle method = deopt_sender.interpreter_frame_method();

     Bytecode_invoke cur = Bytecode_invoke_check(method, deopt_sender.interpreter_frame_bci());

     if (cur.is_invokedynamic() || cur.is_invokehandle()) {

       // Method handle invokes may involve fairly arbitrary chains of

       // calls so it's impossible to know how much actual space the

       // caller has for locals.

       caller_was_method_handle = true;

     }

   }

   //

   // frame_sizes/frame_pcs[0] oldest frame (int or c2i)

   // frame_sizes/frame_pcs[1] next oldest frame (int)

   // frame_sizes/frame_pcs[n] youngest frame (int)

   //

   // Now a pc in frame_pcs is actually the return address to the frame's caller (a frame

   // owns the space for the return address to it's caller).  Confusing ain't it.

   //

   // The vframe array can address vframes with indices running from

   // 0.._frames-1. Index  0 is the youngest frame and _frame - 1 is the oldest (root) frame.

   // When we create the skeletal frames we need the oldest frame to be in the zero slot

   // in the frame_sizes/frame_pcs so the assembly code can do a trivial walk.

   // so things look a little strange in this loop.

   //

   int callee_parameters = 0;

   int callee_locals = 0;

   for (int index = 0; index < array->frames(); index++ ) {

     // frame[number_of_frames - 1 ] = on_stack_size(youngest)

     // frame[number_of_frames - 2 ] = on_stack_size(sender(youngest))

     // frame[number_of_frames - 3 ] = on_stack_size(sender(sender(youngest)))

     frame_sizes[number_of_frames - 1 - index] = BytesPerWord * array->element(index)->on_stack_size(callee_parameters,

                                                                                                     callee_locals,

                                                                                                     index == 0,

                                                                                                     popframe_extra_args);

     // This pc doesn't have to be perfect just good enough to identify the frame

     // as interpreted so the skeleton frame will be walkable

     // The correct pc will be set when the skeleton frame is completely filled out

     // The final pc we store in the loop is wrong and will be overwritten below

     frame_pcs[number_of_frames - 1 - index ] = Interpreter::deopt_entry(vtos, 0) - frame::pc_return_offset;

     callee_parameters = array->element(index)->method()->size_of_parameters();

     callee_locals = array->element(index)->method()->max_locals();

     popframe_extra_args = 0;

   }

   // Compute whether the root vframe returns a float or double value.

   BasicType return_type;

   {

     HandleMark hm;

     methodHandle method(thread, array->element(0)->method());

     Bytecode_invoke invoke = Bytecode_invoke_check(method, array->element(0)->bci());

     return_type = invoke.is_valid() ? invoke.result_type() : T_ILLEGAL;

   }

   // Compute information for handling adapters and adjusting the frame size of the caller.

   int caller_adjustment = 0;

   // Compute the amount the oldest interpreter frame will have to adjust

   // its caller's stack by. If the caller is a compiled frame then

   // we pretend that the callee has no parameters so that the

   // extension counts for the full amount of locals and not just

   // locals-parms. This is because without a c2i adapter the parm

   // area as created by the compiled frame will not be usable by

   // the interpreter. (Depending on the calling convention there

   // may not even be enough space).

   // QQQ I'd rather see this pushed down into last_frame_adjust

   // and have it take the sender (aka caller).

   if (deopt_sender.is_compiled_frame() || caller_was_method_handle) {

     caller_adjustment = last_frame_adjust(0, callee_locals);

   } else if (callee_locals > callee_parameters) {

     // The caller frame may need extending to accommodate

     // non-parameter locals of the first unpacked interpreted frame.

     // Compute that adjustment.

     caller_adjustment = last_frame_adjust(callee_parameters, callee_locals);

   }

   // If the sender is deoptimized the we must retrieve the address of the handler

   // since the frame will "magically" show the original pc before the deopt

   // and we'd undo the deopt.

   frame_pcs[0] = deopt_sender.raw_pc();

 #ifndef SHARK

   assert(CodeCache::find_blob_unsafe(frame_pcs[0]) != NULL, "bad pc");

 #endif // SHARK

   UnrollBlock* info = new UnrollBlock(array->frame_size() * BytesPerWord,

                                       caller_adjustment * BytesPerWord,

                                       caller_was_method_handle ? 0 : callee_parameters,

                                       number_of_frames,

                                       frame_sizes,

                                       frame_pcs,

                                       return_type);

   // On some platforms, we need a way to pass some platform dependent

   // information to the unpacking code so the skeletal frames come out

   // correct (initial fp value, unextended sp, ...)

   info->set_initial_info((intptr_t) array->sender().initial_deoptimization_info());

   if (array->frames() > 1) {

     if (VerifyStack && TraceDeoptimization) {

       ttyLocker ttyl;

       tty->print_cr("Deoptimizing method containing inlining");

     }

   }

   array->set_unroll_block(info);

   return info;

 }

 // Called to cleanup deoptimization data structures in normal case

 // after unpacking to stack and when stack overflow error occurs

 void Deoptimization::cleanup_deopt_info(JavaThread *thread,

                                         vframeArray *array) {

   // Get array if coming from exception

   if (array == NULL) {

     array = thread->vframe_array_head();

   }

   thread->set_vframe_array_head(NULL);

   // Free the previous UnrollBlock

   vframeArray* old_array = thread->vframe_array_last();

   thread->set_vframe_array_last(array);

   if (old_array != NULL) {

     UnrollBlock* old_info = old_array->unroll_block();

     old_array->set_unroll_block(NULL);

     delete old_info;

     delete old_array;

   }

   // Deallocate any resource creating in this routine and any ResourceObjs allocated

   // inside the vframeArray (StackValueCollections)

   delete thread->deopt_mark();

   thread->set_deopt_mark(NULL);

   thread->set_deopt_nmethod(NULL);

   if (JvmtiExport::can_pop_frame()) {

 #ifndef CC_INTERP

     // Regardless of whether we entered this routine with the pending

     // popframe condition bit set, we should always clear it now

     thread->clear_popframe_condition();

 #else

     // C++ interpeter will clear has_pending_popframe when it enters

     // with method_resume. For deopt_resume2 we clear it now.

     if (thread->popframe_forcing_deopt_reexecution())

         thread->clear_popframe_condition();

 #endif /* CC_INTERP */

   }

   // unpack_frames() is called at the end of the deoptimization handler

   // and (in C2) at the end of the uncommon trap handler. Note this fact

   // so that an asynchronous stack walker can work again. This counter is

   // incremented at the beginning of fetch_unroll_info() and (in C2) at

   // the beginning of uncommon_trap().

   thread->dec_in_deopt_handler();

 }

 // Return BasicType of value being returned

 JRT_LEAF(BasicType, Deoptimization::unpack_frames(JavaThread* thread, int exec_mode))

   // We are already active int he special DeoptResourceMark any ResourceObj's we

   // allocate will be freed at the end of the routine.

   // It is actually ok to allocate handles in a leaf method. It causes no safepoints,

   // but makes the entry a little slower. There is however a little dance we have to

   // do in debug mode to get around the NoHandleMark code in the JRT_LEAF macro

   ResetNoHandleMark rnhm; // No-op in release/product versions

   HandleMark hm;

   frame stub_frame = thread->last_frame();

   // Since the frame to unpack is the top frame of this thread, the vframe_array_head

   // must point to the vframeArray for the unpack frame.

   vframeArray* array = thread->vframe_array_head();

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   if (TraceDeoptimization) {

     ttyLocker ttyl;

     tty->print_cr("DEOPT UNPACKING thread " INTPTR_FORMAT " vframeArray " INTPTR_FORMAT " mode %d", thread, array, exec_mode);

   }

 #endif

   Events::log(thread, "DEOPT UNPACKING pc=" INTPTR_FORMAT " sp=" INTPTR_FORMAT " mode %d",

               stub_frame.pc(), stub_frame.sp(), exec_mode);

   UnrollBlock* info = array->unroll_block();

   // Unpack the interpreter frames and any adapter frame (c2 only) we might create.

   array->unpack_to_stack(stub_frame, exec_mode, info->caller_actual_parameters());

   BasicType bt = info->return_type();

   // If we have an exception pending, claim that the return type is an oop

   // so the deopt_blob does not overwrite the exception_oop.

   if (exec_mode == Unpack_exception)

     bt = T_OBJECT;

   // Cleanup thread deopt data

   cleanup_deopt_info(thread, array);

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   if (VerifyStack) {

     ResourceMark res_mark;

     thread->validate_frame_layout();

     // Verify that the just-unpacked frames match the interpreter's

     // notions of expression stack and locals

     vframeArray* cur_array = thread->vframe_array_last();

     RegisterMap rm(thread, false);

     rm.set_include_argument_oops(false);

     bool is_top_frame = true;

     int callee_size_of_parameters = 0;

     int callee_max_locals = 0;

     for (int i = 0; i < cur_array->frames(); i++) {

       vframeArrayElement* el = cur_array->element(i);

       frame* iframe = el->iframe();

       guarantee(iframe->is_interpreted_frame(), "Wrong frame type");

       // Get the oop map for this bci

       InterpreterOopMap mask;

       int cur_invoke_parameter_size = 0;

       bool try_next_mask = false;

       int next_mask_expression_stack_size = -1;

       int top_frame_expression_stack_adjustment = 0;

       methodHandle mh(thread, iframe->interpreter_frame_method());

       OopMapCache::compute_one_oop_map(mh, iframe->interpreter_frame_bci(), &mask);

       BytecodeStream str(mh);

       str.set_start(iframe->interpreter_frame_bci());

       int max_bci = mh->code_size();

       // Get to the next bytecode if possible

       assert(str.bci() < max_bci, "bci in interpreter frame out of bounds");

       // Check to see if we can grab the number of outgoing arguments

       // at an uncommon trap for an invoke (where the compiler

       // generates debug info before the invoke has executed)

       Bytecodes::Code cur_code = str.next();

       if (cur_code == Bytecodes::_invokevirtual   ||

           cur_code == Bytecodes::_invokespecial   ||

           cur_code == Bytecodes::_invokestatic    ||

           cur_code == Bytecodes::_invokeinterface ||

           cur_code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {

         Bytecode_invoke invoke(mh, iframe->interpreter_frame_bci());

         Symbol* signature = invoke.signature();

         ArgumentSizeComputer asc(signature);

         cur_invoke_parameter_size = asc.size();

         if (invoke.has_receiver()) {

           // Add in receiver

           ++cur_invoke_parameter_size;

         }

         if (i != 0 && !invoke.is_invokedynamic() && MethodHandles::has_member_arg(invoke.klass(), invoke.name())) {

           callee_size_of_parameters++;

         }

       }

       if (str.bci() < max_bci) {

         Bytecodes::Code bc = str.next();

         if (bc >= 0) {

           // The interpreter oop map generator reports results before

           // the current bytecode has executed except in the case of

           // calls. It seems to be hard to tell whether the compiler

           // has emitted debug information matching the "state before"

           // a given bytecode or the state after, so we try both

           switch (cur_code) {

             case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:

             case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:

             case Bytecodes::_invokestatic:

             case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface:

             case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic:

             case Bytecodes::_athrow:

               break;

             default: {

               InterpreterOopMap next_mask;

               OopMapCache::compute_one_oop_map(mh, str.bci(), &next_mask);

               next_mask_expression_stack_size = next_mask.expression_stack_size();

               // Need to subtract off the size of the result type of

               // the bytecode because this is not described in the

               // debug info but returned to the interpreter in the TOS

               // caching register

               BasicType bytecode_result_type = Bytecodes::result_type(cur_code);

               if (bytecode_result_type != T_ILLEGAL) {

                 top_frame_expression_stack_adjustment = type2size[bytecode_result_type];

               }

               assert(top_frame_expression_stack_adjustment >= 0, "");

               try_next_mask = true;

               break;

             }

           }

         }

       }

       // Verify stack depth and oops in frame

       // This assertion may be dependent on the platform we're running on and may need modification (tested on x86 and sparc)

       if (!(

             /* SPARC */

             (iframe->interpreter_frame_expression_stack_size() == mask.expression_stack_size() + callee_size_of_parameters) ||

             /* x86 */

             (iframe->interpreter_frame_expression_stack_size() == mask.expression_stack_size() + callee_max_locals) ||

             (try_next_mask &&

              (iframe->interpreter_frame_expression_stack_size() == (next_mask_expression_stack_size -

                                                                     top_frame_expression_stack_adjustment))) ||

             (is_top_frame && (exec_mode == Unpack_exception) && iframe->interpreter_frame_expression_stack_size() == 0) ||

             (is_top_frame && (exec_mode == Unpack_uncommon_trap || exec_mode == Unpack_reexecute || el->should_reexecute()) &&

              (iframe->interpreter_frame_expression_stack_size() == mask.expression_stack_size() + cur_invoke_parameter_size))

             )) {

         ttyLocker ttyl;

         // Print out some information that will help us debug the problem

         tty->print_cr("Wrong number of expression stack elements during deoptimization");

         tty->print_cr("  Error occurred while verifying frame %d (0..%d, 0 is topmost)", i, cur_array->frames() - 1);

         tty->print_cr("  Fabricated interpreter frame had %d expression stack elements",

                       iframe->interpreter_frame_expression_stack_size());

         tty->print_cr("  Interpreter oop map had %d expression stack elements", mask.expression_stack_size());

         tty->print_cr("  try_next_mask = %d", try_next_mask);

         tty->print_cr("  next_mask_expression_stack_size = %d", next_mask_expression_stack_size);

         tty->print_cr("  callee_size_of_parameters = %d", callee_size_of_parameters);

         tty->print_cr("  callee_max_locals = %d", callee_max_locals);

         tty->print_cr("  top_frame_expression_stack_adjustment = %d", top_frame_expression_stack_adjustment);

         tty->print_cr("  exec_mode = %d", exec_mode);

         tty->print_cr("  cur_invoke_parameter_size = %d", cur_invoke_parameter_size);

         tty->print_cr("  Thread = " INTPTR_FORMAT ", thread ID = " UINTX_FORMAT, thread, thread->osthread()->thread_id());

         tty->print_cr("  Interpreted frames:");

         for (int k = 0; k < cur_array->frames(); k++) {

           vframeArrayElement* el = cur_array->element(k);

           tty->print_cr("    %s (bci %d)", el->method()->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), el->bci());

         }

         cur_array->print_on_2(tty);

         guarantee(false, "wrong number of expression stack elements during deopt");

       }

       VerifyOopClosure verify;

       iframe->oops_interpreted_do(&verify, NULL, &rm, false);

       callee_size_of_parameters = mh->size_of_parameters();

       callee_max_locals = mh->max_locals();

       is_top_frame = false;

     }

   }

 #endif /* !PRODUCT */

   return bt;

 JRT_END

 int Deoptimization::deoptimize_dependents() {

   Threads::deoptimized_wrt_marked_nmethods();

   return 0;

 }

 #ifdef COMPILER2

 bool Deoptimization::realloc_objects(JavaThread* thread, frame* fr, GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>* objects, TRAPS) {

   Handle pending_exception(thread->pending_exception());

   const char* exception_file = thread->exception_file();

   int exception_line = thread->exception_line();

   thread->clear_pending_exception();

   for (int i = 0; i < objects->length(); i++) {

     assert(objects->at(i)->is_object(), "invalid debug information");

     ObjectValue* sv = (ObjectValue*) objects->at(i);

     KlassHandle k(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(sv->klass()->as_ConstantOopReadValue()->value()()));

     oop obj = NULL;

     if (k->oop_is_instance()) {

       InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k());

       obj = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_(false));

     } else if (k->oop_is_typeArray()) {

       TypeArrayKlass* ak = TypeArrayKlass::cast(k());

       assert(sv->field_size() % type2size[ak->element_type()] == 0, "non-integral array length");

       int len = sv->field_size() / type2size[ak->element_type()];

       obj = ak->allocate(len, CHECK_(false));

     } else if (k->oop_is_objArray()) {

       ObjArrayKlass* ak = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k());

       obj = ak->allocate(sv->field_size(), CHECK_(false));

     }

     assert(obj != NULL, "allocation failed");

     assert(sv->value().is_null(), "redundant reallocation");

     sv->set_value(obj);

   }

   if (pending_exception.not_null()) {

     thread->set_pending_exception(pending_exception(), exception_file, exception_line);

   }

   return true;

 }

 // This assumes that the fields are stored in ObjectValue in the same order

 // they are yielded by do_nonstatic_fields.

 class FieldReassigner: public FieldClosure {

   frame* _fr;

   RegisterMap* _reg_map;

   ObjectValue* _sv;

   InstanceKlass* _ik;

   oop _obj;

   int _i;

 public:

   FieldReassigner(frame* fr, RegisterMap* reg_map, ObjectValue* sv, oop obj) :

     _fr(fr), _reg_map(reg_map), _sv(sv), _obj(obj), _i(0) {}

   int i() const { return _i; }

   void do_field(fieldDescriptor* fd) {

     intptr_t val;

     StackValue* value =

       StackValue::create_stack_value(_fr, _reg_map, _sv->field_at(i()));

     int offset = fd->offset();

     switch (fd->field_type()) {

     case T_OBJECT: case T_ARRAY:

       assert(value->type() == T_OBJECT, "Agreement.");

       _obj->obj_field_put(offset, value->get_obj()());

       break;

     case T_LONG: case T_DOUBLE: {

       assert(value->type() == T_INT, "Agreement.");

       StackValue* low =

         StackValue::create_stack_value(_fr, _reg_map, _sv->field_at(++_i));

 #ifdef _LP64

       jlong res = (jlong)low->get_int();

 #else

 #ifdef SPARC

       // For SPARC we have to swap high and low words.

       jlong res = jlong_from((jint)low->get_int(), (jint)value->get_int());

 #else

       jlong res = jlong_from((jint)value->get_int(), (jint)low->get_int());

 #endif //SPARC

 #endif

       _obj->long_field_put(offset, res);

       break;

     }

     // Have to cast to INT (32 bits) pointer to avoid little/big-endian problem.

     case T_INT: case T_FLOAT: // 4 bytes.

       assert(value->type() == T_INT, "Agreement.");

       val = value->get_int();

       _obj->int_field_put(offset, (jint)*((jint*)&val));

       break;

     case T_SHORT: case T_CHAR: // 2 bytes

       assert(value->type() == T_INT, "Agreement.");

       val = value->get_int();

       _obj->short_field_put(offset, (jshort)*((jint*)&val));

       break;

     case T_BOOLEAN: case T_BYTE: // 1 byte

       assert(value->type() == T_INT, "Agreement.");

       val = value->get_int();

       _obj->bool_field_put(offset, (jboolean)*((jint*)&val));

       break;

     default:

       ShouldNotReachHere();

     }

     _i++;

   }

 };

 // restore elements of an eliminated type array

 void Deoptimization::reassign_type_array_elements(frame* fr, RegisterMap* reg_map, ObjectValue* sv, typeArrayOop obj, BasicType type) {

   int index = 0;

   intptr_t val;

   for (int i = 0; i < sv->field_size(); i++) {

     StackValue* value = StackValue::create_stack_value(fr, reg_map, sv->field_at(i));

     switch(type) {

     case T_LONG: case T_DOUBLE: {

       assert(value->type() == T_INT, "Agreement.");

       StackValue* low =

         StackValue::create_stack_value(fr, reg_map, sv->field_at(++i));

 #ifdef _LP64

       jlong res = (jlong)low->get_int();

 #else

 #ifdef SPARC

       // For SPARC we have to swap high and low words.

       jlong res = jlong_from((jint)low->get_int(), (jint)value->get_int());

 #else

       jlong res = jlong_from((jint)value->get_int(), (jint)low->get_int());

 #endif //SPARC

 #endif

       obj->long_at_put(index, res);

       break;

     }

     // Have to cast to INT (32 bits) pointer to avoid little/big-endian problem.

     case T_INT: case T_FLOAT: // 4 bytes.

       assert(value->type() == T_INT, "Agreement.");

       val = value->get_int();

       obj->int_at_put(index, (jint)*((jint*)&val));

       break;

     case T_SHORT: case T_CHAR: // 2 bytes

       assert(value->type() == T_INT, "Agreement.");

       val = value->get_int();

       obj->short_at_put(index, (jshort)*((jint*)&val));

       break;

     case T_BOOLEAN: case T_BYTE: // 1 byte

       assert(value->type() == T_INT, "Agreement.");

       val = value->get_int();

       obj->bool_at_put(index, (jboolean)*((jint*)&val));

       break;

       default:

         ShouldNotReachHere();

     }

     index++;

   }

 }

 // restore fields of an eliminated object array

 void Deoptimization::reassign_object_array_elements(frame* fr, RegisterMap* reg_map, ObjectValue* sv, objArrayOop obj) {

   for (int i = 0; i < sv->field_size(); i++) {

     StackValue* value = StackValue::create_stack_value(fr, reg_map, sv->field_at(i));

     assert(value->type() == T_OBJECT, "object element expected");

     obj->obj_at_put(i, value->get_obj()());

   }

 }

 // restore fields of all eliminated objects and arrays

 void Deoptimization::reassign_fields(frame* fr, RegisterMap* reg_map, GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>* objects) {

   for (int i = 0; i < objects->length(); i++) {

     ObjectValue* sv = (ObjectValue*) objects->at(i);

     KlassHandle k(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(sv->klass()->as_ConstantOopReadValue()->value()()));

     Handle obj = sv->value();

     assert(obj.not_null(), "reallocation was missed");

     if (k->oop_is_instance()) {

       InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k());

       FieldReassigner reassign(fr, reg_map, sv, obj());

       ik->do_nonstatic_fields(&reassign);

     } else if (k->oop_is_typeArray()) {

       TypeArrayKlass* ak = TypeArrayKlass::cast(k());

       reassign_type_array_elements(fr, reg_map, sv, (typeArrayOop) obj(), ak->element_type());

     } else if (k->oop_is_objArray()) {

       reassign_object_array_elements(fr, reg_map, sv, (objArrayOop) obj());

     }

   }

 }

 // relock objects for which synchronization was eliminated

 void Deoptimization::relock_objects(GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*>* monitors, JavaThread* thread) {

   for (int i = 0; i < monitors->length(); i++) {

     MonitorInfo* mon_info = monitors->at(i);

     if (mon_info->eliminated()) {

       assert(mon_info->owner() != NULL, "reallocation was missed");

       Handle obj = Handle(mon_info->owner());

       markOop mark = obj->mark();

       if (UseBiasedLocking && mark->has_bias_pattern()) {

         // New allocated objects may have the mark set to anonymously biased.

         // Also the deoptimized method may called methods with synchronization

         // where the thread-local object is bias locked to the current thread.

         assert(mark->is_biased_anonymously() ||

                mark->biased_locker() == thread, "should be locked to current thread");

         // Reset mark word to unbiased prototype.

         markOop unbiased_prototype = markOopDesc::prototype()->set_age(mark->age());

         obj->set_mark(unbiased_prototype);

       }

       BasicLock* lock = mon_info->lock();

       ObjectSynchronizer::slow_enter(obj, lock, thread);

     }

     assert(mon_info->owner()->is_locked(), "object must be locked now");

   }

 }

 #ifndef PRODUCT

 // print information about reallocated objects

 void Deoptimization::print_objects(GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>* objects) {

   fieldDescriptor fd;

   for (int i = 0; i < objects->length(); i++) {

     ObjectValue* sv = (ObjectValue*) objects->at(i);

     KlassHandle k(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(sv->klass()->as_ConstantOopReadValue()->value()()));

     Handle obj = sv->value();

     tty->print("     object <" INTPTR_FORMAT "> of type ", (void *)sv->value()());

     k->print_value();

     tty->print(" allocated (%d bytes)", obj->size() * HeapWordSize);

     tty->cr();

     if (Verbose) {

       k->oop_print_on(obj(), tty);

     }

   }

 }

 #endif

 #endif // COMPILER2

 vframeArray* Deoptimization::create_vframeArray(JavaThread* thread, frame fr, RegisterMap *reg_map, GrowableArray<compiledVFrame*>* chunk) {

   Events::log(thread, "DEOPT PACKING pc=" INTPTR_FORMAT " sp=" INTPTR_FORMAT, fr.pc(), fr.sp());

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   if (TraceDeoptimization) {

     ttyLocker ttyl;

     tty->print("DEOPT PACKING thread " INTPTR_FORMAT " ", thread);

     fr.print_on(tty);

     tty->print_cr("     Virtual frames (innermost first):");

     for (int index = 0; index < chunk->length(); index++) {

       compiledVFrame* vf = chunk->at(index);

       tty->print("       %2d - ", index);

       vf->print_value();

       int bci = chunk->at(index)->raw_bci();

       const char* code_name;

       if (bci == SynchronizationEntryBCI) {

         code_name = "sync entry";

       } else {

         Bytecodes::Code code = vf->method()->code_at(bci);

         code_name = Bytecodes::name(code);

       }

       tty->print(" - %s", code_name);

       tty->print_cr(" @ bci %d ", bci);

       if (Verbose) {

         vf->print();

         tty->cr();

       }

     }

   }

 #endif

   // Register map for next frame (used for stack crawl).  We capture

   // the state of the deopt'ing frame's caller.  Thus if we need to

   // stuff a C2I adapter we can properly fill in the callee-save

   // register locations.

   frame caller = fr.sender(reg_map);

   int frame_size = caller.sp() - fr.sp();

   frame sender = caller;

   // Since the Java thread being deoptimized will eventually adjust it's own stack,

   // the vframeArray containing the unpacking information is allocated in the C heap.

   // For Compiler1, the caller of the deoptimized frame is saved for use by unpack_frames().

   vframeArray* array = vframeArray::allocate(thread, frame_size, chunk, reg_map, sender, caller, fr);

   // Compare the vframeArray to the collected vframes

   assert(array->structural_compare(thread, chunk), "just checking");

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   if (TraceDeoptimization) {

     ttyLocker ttyl;

     tty->print_cr("     Created vframeArray " INTPTR_FORMAT, array);

   }

 #endif // PRODUCT

   return array;

 }

 static void collect_monitors(compiledVFrame* cvf, GrowableArray<Handle>* objects_to_revoke) {

   GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*>* monitors = cvf->monitors();

   for (int i = 0; i < monitors->length(); i++) {

     MonitorInfo* mon_info = monitors->at(i);

     if (!mon_info->eliminated() && mon_info->owner() != NULL) {

       objects_to_revoke->append(Handle(mon_info->owner()));

     }

   }

 }

 void Deoptimization::revoke_biases_of_monitors(JavaThread* thread, frame fr, RegisterMap* map) {

   if (!UseBiasedLocking) {

     return;

   }

   GrowableArray<Handle>* objects_to_revoke = new GrowableArray<Handle>();

   // Unfortunately we don't have a RegisterMap available in most of

   // the places we want to call this routine so we need to walk the

   // stack again to update the register map.

   if (map == NULL || !map->update_map()) {

     StackFrameStream sfs(thread, true);

     bool found = false;

     while (!found && !sfs.is_done()) {

       frame* cur = sfs.current();

       sfs.next();

       found = cur->id() == fr.id();

     }

     assert(found, "frame to be deoptimized not found on target thread's stack");

     map = sfs.register_map();

   }

   vframe* vf = vframe::new_vframe(&fr, map, thread);

   compiledVFrame* cvf = compiledVFrame::cast(vf);

   // Revoke monitors' biases in all scopes

   while (!cvf->is_top()) {

     collect_monitors(cvf, objects_to_revoke);

     cvf = compiledVFrame::cast(cvf->sender());

   }

   collect_monitors(cvf, objects_to_revoke);

   if (SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint()) {

     BiasedLocking::revoke_at_safepoint(objects_to_revoke);

   } else {

     BiasedLocking::revoke(objects_to_revoke);

   }

 }

 void Deoptimization::revoke_biases_of_monitors(CodeBlob* cb) {

   if (!UseBiasedLocking) {

     return;

   }

   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must only be called from safepoint");

   GrowableArray<Handle>* objects_to_revoke = new GrowableArray<Handle>();

   for (JavaThread* jt = Threads::first(); jt != NULL ; jt = jt->next()) {

     if (jt->has_last_Java_frame()) {

       StackFrameStream sfs(jt, true);

       while (!sfs.is_done()) {

         frame* cur = sfs.current();

         if (cb->contains(cur->pc())) {

           vframe* vf = vframe::new_vframe(cur, sfs.register_map(), jt);

           compiledVFrame* cvf = compiledVFrame::cast(vf);

           // Revoke monitors' biases in all scopes

           while (!cvf->is_top()) {

             collect_monitors(cvf, objects_to_revoke);

             cvf = compiledVFrame::cast(cvf->sender());

           }

           collect_monitors(cvf, objects_to_revoke);

         }

         sfs.next();

       }

     }

   }

   BiasedLocking::revoke_at_safepoint(objects_to_revoke);

 }

 void Deoptimization::deoptimize_single_frame(JavaThread* thread, frame fr) {

   assert(fr.can_be_deoptimized(), "checking frame type");

   gather_statistics(Reason_constraint, Action_none, Bytecodes::_illegal);

   // Patch the nmethod so that when execution returns to it we will

   // deopt the execution state and return to the interpreter.

   fr.deoptimize(thread);

 }

 void Deoptimization::deoptimize(JavaThread* thread, frame fr, RegisterMap *map) {

   // Deoptimize only if the frame comes from compile code.

   // Do not deoptimize the frame which is already patched

   // during the execution of the loops below.

   if (!fr.is_compiled_frame() || fr.is_deoptimized_frame()) {

     return;

   }

   ResourceMark rm;

   DeoptimizationMarker dm;

   if (UseBiasedLocking) {

     revoke_biases_of_monitors(thread, fr, map);

   }

   deoptimize_single_frame(thread, fr);

 }

 void Deoptimization::deoptimize_frame_internal(JavaThread* thread, intptr_t* id) {

   assert(thread == Thread::current() || SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),

          "can only deoptimize other thread at a safepoint");

   // Compute frame and register map based on thread and sp.

   RegisterMap reg_map(thread, UseBiasedLocking);

   frame fr = thread->last_frame();

   while (fr.id() != id) {

     fr = fr.sender(&reg_map);

   }

   deoptimize(thread, fr, &reg_map);

 }

 void Deoptimization::deoptimize_frame(JavaThread* thread, intptr_t* id) {

   if (thread == Thread::current()) {

     Deoptimization::deoptimize_frame_internal(thread, id);

   } else {

     VM_DeoptimizeFrame deopt(thread, id);

     VMThread::execute(&deopt);

   }

 }

 // JVMTI PopFrame support

 JRT_LEAF(void, Deoptimization::popframe_preserve_args(JavaThread* thread, int bytes_to_save, void* start_address))

 {

   thread->popframe_preserve_args(in_ByteSize(bytes_to_save), start_address);

 }

 JRT_END

 #if defined(COMPILER2) || defined(SHARK)

 void Deoptimization::load_class_by_index(constantPoolHandle constant_pool, int index, TRAPS) {

   // in case of an unresolved klass entry, load the class.

   if (constant_pool->tag_at(index).is_unresolved_klass()) {

     Klass* tk = constant_pool->klass_at(index, CHECK);

     return;

   }

   if (!constant_pool->tag_at(index).is_symbol()) return;

   Handle class_loader (THREAD, constant_pool->pool_holder()->class_loader());

   Symbol*  symbol  = constant_pool->symbol_at(index);

   // class name?

   if (symbol->byte_at(0) != '(') {

     Handle protection_domain (THREAD, constant_pool->pool_holder()->protection_domain());

     SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(symbol, class_loader, protection_domain, CHECK);

     return;

   }

   // then it must be a signature!

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   for (SignatureStream ss(symbol); !ss.is_done(); ss.next()) {

     if (ss.is_object()) {

       Symbol* class_name = ss.as_symbol(CHECK);

       Handle protection_domain (THREAD, constant_pool->pool_holder()->protection_domain());

       SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(class_name, class_loader, protection_domain, CHECK);

     }

   }

 }

 void Deoptimization::load_class_by_index(constantPoolHandle constant_pool, int index) {

   EXCEPTION_MARK;

   load_class_by_index(constant_pool, index, THREAD);

   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {

     // Exception happened during classloading. We ignore the exception here, since it

     // is going to be rethrown since the current activation is going to be deoptimized and

     // the interpreter will re-execute the bytecode.

     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;

     // Class loading called java code which may have caused a stack

     // overflow. If the exception was thrown right before the return

     // to the runtime the stack is no longer guarded. Reguard the

     // stack otherwise if we return to the uncommon trap blob and the

     // stack bang causes a stack overflow we crash.

     assert(THREAD->is_Java_thread(), "only a java thread can be here");

     JavaThread* thread = (JavaThread*)THREAD;

     bool guard_pages_enabled = thread->stack_yellow_zone_enabled();

     if (!guard_pages_enabled) guard_pages_enabled = thread->reguard_stack();

     assert(guard_pages_enabled, "stack banging in uncommon trap blob may cause crash");

   }

 }

 JRT_ENTRY(void, Deoptimization::uncommon_trap_inner(JavaThread* thread, jint trap_request)) {

   HandleMark hm;

   // uncommon_trap() is called at the beginning of the uncommon trap

   // handler. Note this fact before we start generating temporary frames

   // that can confuse an asynchronous stack walker. This counter is

   // decremented at the end of unpack_frames().

   thread->inc_in_deopt_handler();

   // We need to update the map if we have biased locking.

   RegisterMap reg_map(thread, UseBiasedLocking);

   frame stub_frame = thread->last_frame();

   frame fr = stub_frame.sender(&reg_map);

   // Make sure the calling nmethod is not getting deoptimized and removed

   // before we are done with it.

   nmethodLocker nl(fr.pc());

   // Log a message

   Events::log(thread, "Uncommon trap: trap_request=" PTR32_FORMAT " fr.pc=" INTPTR_FORMAT,

               trap_request, fr.pc());

   {

     ResourceMark rm;

     // Revoke biases of any monitors in the frame to ensure we can migrate them

     revoke_biases_of_monitors(thread, fr, &reg_map);

     DeoptReason reason = trap_request_reason(trap_request);

     DeoptAction action = trap_request_action(trap_request);

     jint unloaded_class_index = trap_request_index(trap_request); // CP idx or -1

     vframe*  vf  = vframe::new_vframe(&fr, &reg_map, thread);

     compiledVFrame* cvf = compiledVFrame::cast(vf);

     nmethod* nm = cvf->code();

     ScopeDesc*      trap_scope  = cvf->scope();

     methodHandle    trap_method = trap_scope->method();

     int             trap_bci    = trap_scope->bci();

     Bytecodes::Code trap_bc     = trap_method->java_code_at(trap_bci);

     // Record this event in the histogram.

     gather_statistics(reason, action, trap_bc);

     // Ensure that we can record deopt. history:

     // Need MDO to record RTM code generation state.

     bool create_if_missing = ProfileTraps RTM_OPT_ONLY( || UseRTMLocking );

     MethodData* trap_mdo =

       get_method_data(thread, trap_method, create_if_missing);

     // Log a message

     Events::log_deopt_message(thread, "Uncommon trap: reason=%s action=%s pc=" INTPTR_FORMAT " method=%s @ %d",

                               trap_reason_name(reason), trap_action_name(action), fr.pc(),

                               trap_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), trap_bci);

     // Print a bunch of diagnostics, if requested.

     if (TraceDeoptimization || LogCompilation) {

       ResourceMark rm;

       ttyLocker ttyl;

       char buf[100];

       if (xtty != NULL) {

         xtty->begin_head("uncommon_trap thread='" UINTX_FORMAT"' %s",

                          os::current_thread_id(),

                          format_trap_request(buf, sizeof(buf), trap_request));

         nm->log_identity(xtty);

       }

       Symbol* class_name = NULL;

       bool unresolved = false;

       if (unloaded_class_index >= 0) {

         constantPoolHandle constants (THREAD, trap_method->constants());

         if (constants->tag_at(unloaded_class_index).is_unresolved_klass()) {

           class_name = constants->klass_name_at(unloaded_class_index);

           unresolved = true;

           if (xtty != NULL)

             xtty->print(" unresolved='1'");

         } else if (constants->tag_at(unloaded_class_index).is_symbol()) {

           class_name = constants->symbol_at(unloaded_class_index);

         }

         if (xtty != NULL)

           xtty->name(class_name);

       }

       if (xtty != NULL && trap_mdo != NULL) {

         // Dump the relevant MDO state.

         // This is the deopt count for the current reason, any previous

         // reasons or recompiles seen at this point.

         int dcnt = trap_mdo->trap_count(reason);

         if (dcnt != 0)

           xtty->print(" count='%d'", dcnt);

         ProfileData* pdata = trap_mdo->bci_to_data(trap_bci);

         int dos = (pdata == NULL)? 0: pdata->trap_state();

         if (dos != 0) {

           xtty->print(" state='%s'", format_trap_state(buf, sizeof(buf), dos));

           if (trap_state_is_recompiled(dos)) {

             int recnt2 = trap_mdo->overflow_recompile_count();

             if (recnt2 != 0)

               xtty->print(" recompiles2='%d'", recnt2);

           }

         }

       }

       if (xtty != NULL) {

         xtty->stamp();

         xtty->end_head();

       }

       if (TraceDeoptimization) {  // make noise on the tty

         tty->print("Uncommon trap occurred in");

         nm->method()->print_short_name(tty);

         tty->print(" (@" INTPTR_FORMAT ") thread=" UINTX_FORMAT " reason=%s action=%s unloaded_class_index=%d",

                    fr.pc(),

                    os::current_thread_id(),

                    trap_reason_name(reason),

                    trap_action_name(action),

                    unloaded_class_index);

         if (class_name != NULL) {

           tty->print(unresolved ? " unresolved class: " : " symbol: ");

           class_name->print_symbol_on(tty);

         }

         tty->cr();

       }

       if (xtty != NULL) {

         // Log the precise location of the trap.

         for (ScopeDesc* sd = trap_scope; ; sd = sd->sender()) {

           xtty->begin_elem("jvms bci='%d'", sd->bci());

           xtty->method(sd->method());

           xtty->end_elem();

           if (sd->is_top())  break;

         }

         xtty->tail("uncommon_trap");

       }

     }

     // (End diagnostic printout.)

     // Load class if necessary

     if (unloaded_class_index >= 0) {

       constantPoolHandle constants(THREAD, trap_method->constants());

       load_class_by_index(constants, unloaded_class_index);

     }

     // Flush the nmethod if necessary and desirable.

     //

     // We need to avoid situations where we are re-flushing the nmethod

     // because of a hot deoptimization site.  Repeated flushes at the same

     // point need to be detected by the compiler and avoided.  If the compiler

     // cannot avoid them (or has a bug and "refuses" to avoid them), this

     // module must take measures to avoid an infinite cycle of recompilation

     // and deoptimization.  There are several such measures:

     //

     //   1. If a recompilation is ordered a second time at some site X

     //   and for the same reason R, the action is adjusted to 'reinterpret',

     //   to give the interpreter time to exercise the method more thoroughly.

     //   If this happens, the method's overflow_recompile_count is incremented.

     //

     //   2. If the compiler fails to reduce the deoptimization rate, then

     //   the method's overflow_recompile_count will begin to exceed the set

     //   limit PerBytecodeRecompilationCutoff.  If this happens, the action

     //   is adjusted to 'make_not_compilable', and the method is abandoned

     //   to the interpreter.  This is a performance hit for hot methods,

     //   but is better than a disastrous infinite cycle of recompilations.

     //   (Actually, only the method containing the site X is abandoned.)

     //

     //   3. In parallel with the previous measures, if the total number of

     //   recompilations of a method exceeds the much larger set limit

     //   PerMethodRecompilationCutoff, the method is abandoned.

     //   This should only happen if the method is very large and has

     //   many "lukewarm" deoptimizations.  The code which enforces this

     //   limit is elsewhere (class nmethod, class Method).

     //

     // Note that the per-BCI 'is_recompiled' bit gives the compiler one chance

     // to recompile at each bytecode independently of the per-BCI cutoff.

     //

     // The decision to update code is up to the compiler, and is encoded

     // in the Action_xxx code.  If the compiler requests Action_none

     // no trap state is changed, no compiled code is changed, and the

     // computation suffers along in the interpreter.

     //

     // The other action codes specify various tactics for decompilation

     // and recompilation.  Action_maybe_recompile is the loosest, and

     // allows the compiled code to stay around until enough traps are seen,

     // and until the compiler gets around to recompiling the trapping method.

     //

     // The other actions cause immediate removal of the present code.

     bool update_trap_state = true;

     bool make_not_entrant = false;

     bool make_not_compilable = false;

     bool reprofile = false;

     switch (action) {

     case Action_none:

       // Keep the old code.

       update_trap_state = false;

       break;

     case Action_maybe_recompile:

       // Do not need to invalidate the present code, but we can

       // initiate another

       // Start compiler without (necessarily) invalidating the nmethod.

       // The system will tolerate the old code, but new code should be

       // generated when possible.

       break;

     case Action_reinterpret:

       // Go back into the interpreter for a while, and then consider

       // recompiling form scratch.

       make_not_entrant = true;

       // Reset invocation counter for outer most method.

       // This will allow the interpreter to exercise the bytecodes

       // for a while before recompiling.

       // By contrast, Action_make_not_entrant is immediate.

       //

       // Note that the compiler will track null_check, null_assert,

       // range_check, and class_check events and log them as if they

       // had been traps taken from compiled code.  This will update

       // the MDO trap history so that the next compilation will

       // properly detect hot trap sites.

       reprofile = true;

       break;

     case Action_make_not_entrant:

       // Request immediate recompilation, and get rid of the old code.

       // Make them not entrant, so next time they are called they get

       // recompiled.  Unloaded classes are loaded now so recompile before next

       // time they are called.  Same for uninitialized.  The interpreter will

       // link the missing class, if any.

       make_not_entrant = true;

       break;

     case Action_make_not_compilable:

       // Give up on compiling this method at all.

       make_not_entrant = true;

       make_not_compilable = true;

       break;

     default:

       ShouldNotReachHere();

     }

     // Setting +ProfileTraps fixes the following, on all platforms:

     // 4852688: ProfileInterpreter is off by default for ia64.  The result is

     // infinite heroic-opt-uncommon-trap/deopt/recompile cycles, since the

     // recompile relies on a MethodData* to record heroic opt failures.

     // Whether the interpreter is producing MDO data or not, we also need

     // to use the MDO to detect hot deoptimization points and control

     // aggressive optimization.

     bool inc_recompile_count = false;

     ProfileData* pdata = NULL;

     if (ProfileTraps && update_trap_state && trap_mdo != NULL) {

       assert(trap_mdo == get_method_data(thread, trap_method, false), "sanity");

       uint this_trap_count = 0;

       bool maybe_prior_trap = false;

       bool maybe_prior_recompile = false;

       pdata = query_update_method_data(trap_mdo, trap_bci, reason,

                                    nm->method(),

                                    //outputs:

                                    this_trap_count,

                                    maybe_prior_trap,

                                    maybe_prior_recompile);

       // Because the interpreter also counts null, div0, range, and class

       // checks, these traps from compiled code are double-counted.

       // This is harmless; it just means that the PerXTrapLimit values

       // are in effect a little smaller than they look.

       DeoptReason per_bc_reason = reason_recorded_per_bytecode_if_any(reason);

       if (per_bc_reason != Reason_none) {

         // Now take action based on the partially known per-BCI history.

         if (maybe_prior_trap

             && this_trap_count >= (uint)PerBytecodeTrapLimit) {

           // If there are too many traps at this BCI, force a recompile.

           // This will allow the compiler to see the limit overflow, and

           // take corrective action, if possible.  The compiler generally

           // does not use the exact PerBytecodeTrapLimit value, but instead

           // changes its tactics if it sees any traps at all.  This provides

           // a little hysteresis, delaying a recompile until a trap happens

           // several times.

           //

           // Actually, since there is only one bit of counter per BCI,

           // the possible per-BCI counts are {0,1,(per-method count)}.

           // This produces accurate results if in fact there is only

           // one hot trap site, but begins to get fuzzy if there are

           // many sites.  For example, if there are ten sites each

           // trapping two or more times, they each get the blame for

           // all of their traps.

           make_not_entrant = true;

         }

         // Detect repeated recompilation at the same BCI, and enforce a limit.

         if (make_not_entrant && maybe_prior_recompile) {

           // More than one recompile at this point.

           inc_recompile_count = maybe_prior_trap;

         }

       } else {

         // For reasons which are not recorded per-bytecode, we simply

         // force recompiles unconditionally.

         // (Note that PerMethodRecompilationCutoff is enforced elsewhere.)

         make_not_entrant = true;

       }

       // Go back to the compiler if there are too many traps in this method.

       if (this_trap_count >= per_method_trap_limit(reason)) {

         // If there are too many traps in this method, force a recompile.

         // This will allow the compiler to see the limit overflow, and

         // take corrective action, if possible.

         // (This condition is an unlikely backstop only, because the

         // PerBytecodeTrapLimit is more likely to take effect first,

         // if it is applicable.)

         make_not_entrant = true;

       }

       // Here's more hysteresis:  If there has been a recompile at

       // this trap point already, run the method in the interpreter

       // for a while to exercise it more thoroughly.

       if (make_not_entrant && maybe_prior_recompile && maybe_prior_trap) {

         reprofile = true;

       }

     }

     // Take requested actions on the method:

     // Recompile

     if (make_not_entrant) {

       if (!nm->make_not_entrant()) {

         return; // the call did not change nmethod's state

       }

       if (pdata != NULL) {

         // Record the recompilation event, if any.

         int tstate0 = pdata->trap_state();

         int tstate1 = trap_state_set_recompiled(tstate0, true);

         if (tstate1 != tstate0)

           pdata->set_trap_state(tstate1);

       }

 #if INCLUDE_RTM_OPT

       // Restart collecting RTM locking abort statistic if the method

       // is recompiled for a reason other than RTM state change.

       // Assume that in new recompiled code the statistic could be different,

       // for example, due to different inlining.

       if ((reason != Reason_rtm_state_change) && (trap_mdo != NULL) &&

           UseRTMDeopt && (nm->rtm_state() != ProfileRTM)) {

         trap_mdo->atomic_set_rtm_state(ProfileRTM);

       }

 #endif

     }

     if (inc_recompile_count) {

       trap_mdo->inc_overflow_recompile_count();

       if ((uint)trap_mdo->overflow_recompile_count() >

           (uint)PerBytecodeRecompilationCutoff) {

         // Give up on the method containing the bad BCI.

         if (trap_method() == nm->method()) {

           make_not_compilable = true;

         } else {

           trap_method->set_not_compilable(CompLevel_full_optimization, true, "overflow_recompile_count > PerBytecodeRecompilationCutoff");

           // But give grace to the enclosing nm->method().

         }

       }

     }

     // Reprofile

     if (reprofile) {

       CompilationPolicy::policy()->reprofile(trap_scope, nm->is_osr_method());

     }

     // Give up compiling

     if (make_not_compilable && !nm->method()->is_not_compilable(CompLevel_full_optimization)) {

       assert(make_not_entrant, "consistent");

       nm->method()->set_not_compilable(CompLevel_full_optimization);

     }

   } // Free marked resources

 }

 JRT_END

 MethodData*

 Deoptimization::get_method_data(JavaThread* thread, methodHandle m,

                                 bool create_if_missing) {

   Thread* THREAD = thread;

   MethodData* mdo = m()->method_data();

   if (mdo == NULL && create_if_missing && !HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {

     // Build an MDO.  Ignore errors like OutOfMemory;

     // that simply means we won't have an MDO to update.

     Method::build_interpreter_method_data(m, THREAD);

     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {

       assert((PENDING_EXCEPTION->is_a(SystemDictionary::OutOfMemoryError_klass())), "we expect only an OOM error here");

       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;

     }

     mdo = m()->method_data();

   }

   return mdo;

 }

 ProfileData*

 Deoptimization::query_update_method_data(MethodData* trap_mdo,

                                          int trap_bci,

                                          Deoptimization::DeoptReason reason,

                                          Method* compiled_method,

                                          //outputs:

                                          uint& ret_this_trap_count,

                                          bool& ret_maybe_prior_trap,

                                          bool& ret_maybe_prior_recompile) {

   uint prior_trap_count = trap_mdo->trap_count(reason);

   uint this_trap_count  = trap_mdo->inc_trap_count(reason);

   // If the runtime cannot find a place to store trap history,

   // it is estimated based on the general condition of the method.

   // If the method has ever been recompiled, or has ever incurred

   // a trap with the present reason , then this BCI is assumed

   // (pessimistically) to be the culprit.

   bool maybe_prior_trap      = (prior_trap_count != 0);

   bool maybe_prior_recompile = (trap_mdo->decompile_count() != 0);

   ProfileData* pdata = NULL;

   // For reasons which are recorded per bytecode, we check per-BCI data.

   DeoptReason per_bc_reason = reason_recorded_per_bytecode_if_any(reason);

   if (per_bc_reason != Reason_none) {

     // Find the profile data for this BCI.  If there isn't one,

     // try to allocate one from the MDO's set of spares.

     // This will let us detect a repeated trap at this point.

     pdata = trap_mdo->allocate_bci_to_data(trap_bci, reason_is_speculate(reason) ? compiled_method : NULL);

     if (pdata != NULL) {

       if (reason_is_speculate(reason) && !pdata->is_SpeculativeTrapData()) {

         if (LogCompilation && xtty != NULL) {

           ttyLocker ttyl;

           // no more room for speculative traps in this MDO

           xtty->elem("speculative_traps_oom");

         }

       }

       // Query the trap state of this profile datum.

       int tstate0 = pdata->trap_state();

       if (!trap_state_has_reason(tstate0, per_bc_reason))

         maybe_prior_trap = false;

       if (!trap_state_is_recompiled(tstate0))

         maybe_prior_recompile = false;

       // Update the trap state of this profile datum.

       int tstate1 = tstate0;

       // Record the reason.

       tstate1 = trap_state_add_reason(tstate1, per_bc_reason);

       // Store the updated state on the MDO, for next time.

       if (tstate1 != tstate0)

         pdata->set_trap_state(tstate1);

     } else {

       if (LogCompilation && xtty != NULL) {

         ttyLocker ttyl;

         // Missing MDP?  Leave a small complaint in the log.

         xtty->elem("missing_mdp bci='%d'", trap_bci);

       }

     }

   }

   // Return results:

   ret_this_trap_count = this_trap_count;

   ret_maybe_prior_trap = maybe_prior_trap;

   ret_maybe_prior_recompile = maybe_prior_recompile;

   return pdata;

 }

 void

 Deoptimization::update_method_data_from_interpreter(MethodData* trap_mdo, int trap_bci, int reason) {

   ResourceMark rm;

   // Ignored outputs:

   uint ignore_this_trap_count;

   bool ignore_maybe_prior_trap;

   bool ignore_maybe_prior_recompile;

   assert(!reason_is_speculate(reason), "reason speculate only used by compiler");

   query_update_method_data(trap_mdo, trap_bci,

                            (DeoptReason)reason,

                            NULL,

                            ignore_this_trap_count,

                            ignore_maybe_prior_trap,

                            ignore_maybe_prior_recompile);

 }

 Deoptimization::UnrollBlock* Deoptimization::uncommon_trap(JavaThread* thread, jint trap_request) {

   // Still in Java no safepoints

   {

     // This enters VM and may safepoint

     uncommon_trap_inner(thread, trap_request);

   }

   return fetch_unroll_info_helper(thread);

 }

 // Local derived constants.

 // Further breakdown of DataLayout::trap_state, as promised by DataLayout.

 const int DS_REASON_MASK   = DataLayout::trap_mask >> 1;

 const int DS_RECOMPILE_BIT = DataLayout::trap_mask - DS_REASON_MASK;

 //---------------------------trap_state_reason---------------------------------

 Deoptimization::DeoptReason

 Deoptimization::trap_state_reason(int trap_state) {

   // This assert provides the link between the width of DataLayout::trap_bits

   // and the encoding of "recorded" reasons.  It ensures there are enough

   // bits to store all needed reasons in the per-BCI MDO profile.

   assert(DS_REASON_MASK >= Reason_RECORDED_LIMIT, "enough bits");

   int recompile_bit = (trap_state & DS_RECOMPILE_BIT);

   trap_state -= recompile_bit;

   if (trap_state == DS_REASON_MASK) {

     return Reason_many;

   } else {

     assert((int)Reason_none == 0, "state=0 => Reason_none");

     return (DeoptReason)trap_state;

   }

 }

 //-------------------------trap_state_has_reason-------------------------------

 int Deoptimization::trap_state_has_reason(int trap_state, int reason) {

   assert(reason_is_recorded_per_bytecode((DeoptReason)reason), "valid reason");

   assert(DS_REASON_MASK >= Reason_RECORDED_LIMIT, "enough bits");

   int recompile_bit = (trap_state & DS_RECOMPILE_BIT);

   trap_state -= recompile_bit;

   if (trap_state == DS_REASON_MASK) {

     return -1;  // true, unspecifically (bottom of state lattice)

   } else if (trap_state == reason) {

     return 1;   // true, definitely

   } else if (trap_state == 0) {

     return 0;   // false, definitely (top of state lattice)

   } else {

     return 0;   // false, definitely

   }

 }

 //-------------------------trap_state_add_reason-------------------------------

 int Deoptimization::trap_state_add_reason(int trap_state, int reason) {

   assert(reason_is_recorded_per_bytecode((DeoptReason)reason) || reason == Reason_many, "valid reason");

   int recompile_bit = (trap_state & DS_RECOMPILE_BIT);

   trap_state -= recompile_bit;

   if (trap_state == DS_REASON_MASK) {

     return trap_state + recompile_bit;     // already at state lattice bottom

   } else if (trap_state == reason) {

     return trap_state + recompile_bit;     // the condition is already true

   } else if (trap_state == 0) {

     return reason + recompile_bit;          // no condition has yet been true

   } else {

     return DS_REASON_MASK + recompile_bit;  // fall to state lattice bottom

   }

 }

 //-----------------------trap_state_is_recompiled------------------------------

 bool Deoptimization::trap_state_is_recompiled(int trap_state) {

   return (trap_state & DS_RECOMPILE_BIT) != 0;

 }

 //-----------------------trap_state_set_recompiled-----------------------------

 int Deoptimization::trap_state_set_recompiled(int trap_state, bool z) {

   if (z)  return trap_state |  DS_RECOMPILE_BIT;

   else    return trap_state & ~DS_RECOMPILE_BIT;

 }

 //---------------------------format_trap_state---------------------------------

 // This is used for debugging and diagnostics, including LogFile output.

 const char* Deoptimization::format_trap_state(char* buf, size_t buflen,

                                               int trap_state) {

   DeoptReason reason      = trap_state_reason(trap_state);

   bool        recomp_flag = trap_state_is_recompiled(trap_state);

   // Re-encode the state from its decoded components.

   int decoded_state = 0;

   if (reason_is_recorded_per_bytecode(reason) || reason == Reason_many)

     decoded_state = trap_state_add_reason(decoded_state, reason);

   if (recomp_flag)

     decoded_state = trap_state_set_recompiled(decoded_state, recomp_flag);

   // If the state re-encodes properly, format it symbolically.

   // Because this routine is used for debugging and diagnostics,

   // be robust even if the state is a strange value.

   size_t len;

   if (decoded_state != trap_state) {

     // Random buggy state that doesn't decode??

     len = jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "#%d", trap_state);

   } else {

     len = jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s%s",

                        trap_reason_name(reason),

                        recomp_flag ? " recompiled" : "");

   }

   if (len >= buflen)

     buf[buflen-1] = '\0';

   return buf;

 }

 //--------------------------------statics--------------------------------------

 Deoptimization::DeoptAction Deoptimization::_unloaded_action

   = Deoptimization::Action_reinterpret;

 const char* Deoptimization::_trap_reason_name[Reason_LIMIT] = {

   // Note:  Keep this in sync. with enum DeoptReason.

   "none",

   "null_check",

   "null_assert",

   "range_check",

   "class_check",

   "array_check",

   "intrinsic",

   "bimorphic",

   "unloaded",

   "uninitialized",

   "unreached",

   "unhandled",

   "constraint",

   "div0_check",

   "age",

   "predicate",

   "loop_limit_check",

   "speculate_class_check",

   "rtm_state_change"

 };

 const char* Deoptimization::_trap_action_name[Action_LIMIT] = {

   // Note:  Keep this in sync. with enum DeoptAction.

   "none",

   "maybe_recompile",

   "reinterpret",

   "make_not_entrant",

   "make_not_compilable"

 };

 const char* Deoptimization::trap_reason_name(int reason) {

   if (reason == Reason_many)  return "many";

   if ((uint)reason < Reason_LIMIT)

     return _trap_reason_name[reason];

   static char buf[20];

   sprintf(buf, "reason%d", reason);

   return buf;

 }

 const char* Deoptimization::trap_action_name(int action) {

   if ((uint)action < Action_LIMIT)

     return _trap_action_name[action];

   static char buf[20];

   sprintf(buf, "action%d", action);

   return buf;

 }

 // This is used for debugging and diagnostics, including LogFile output.

 const char* Deoptimization::format_trap_request(char* buf, size_t buflen,

                                                 int trap_request) {

   jint unloaded_class_index = trap_request_index(trap_request);

   const char* reason = trap_reason_name(trap_request_reason(trap_request));

   const char* action = trap_action_name(trap_request_action(trap_request));

   size_t len;

   if (unloaded_class_index < 0) {

     len = jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "reason='%s' action='%s'",

                        reason, action);

   } else {

     len = jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "reason='%s' action='%s' index='%d'",

                        reason, action, unloaded_class_index);

   }

   if (len >= buflen)

     buf[buflen-1] = '\0';

   return buf;

 }

 juint Deoptimization::_deoptimization_hist

         [Deoptimization::Reason_LIMIT]

     [1 + Deoptimization::Action_LIMIT]

         [Deoptimization::BC_CASE_LIMIT]

   = {0};

 enum {

   LSB_BITS = 8,

   LSB_MASK = right_n_bits(LSB_BITS)

 };

 void Deoptimization::gather_statistics(DeoptReason reason, DeoptAction action,

                                        Bytecodes::Code bc) {

   assert(reason >= 0 && reason < Reason_LIMIT, "oob");

   assert(action >= 0 && action < Action_LIMIT, "oob");

   _deoptimization_hist[Reason_none][0][0] += 1;  // total

   _deoptimization_hist[reason][0][0]      += 1;  // per-reason total

   juint* cases = _deoptimization_hist[reason][1+action];

   juint* bc_counter_addr = NULL;

   juint  bc_counter      = 0;

   // Look for an unused counter, or an exact match to this BC.

   if (bc != Bytecodes::_illegal) {

     for (int bc_case = 0; bc_case < BC_CASE_LIMIT; bc_case++) {

       juint* counter_addr = &cases[bc_case];

       juint  counter = *counter_addr;

       if ((counter == 0 && bc_counter_addr == NULL)

           || (Bytecodes::Code)(counter & LSB_MASK) == bc) {

         // this counter is either free or is already devoted to this BC

         bc_counter_addr = counter_addr;

         bc_counter = counter | bc;

       }

     }

   }

   if (bc_counter_addr == NULL) {

     // Overflow, or no given bytecode.

     bc_counter_addr = &cases[BC_CASE_LIMIT-1];

     bc_counter = (*bc_counter_addr & ~LSB_MASK);  // clear LSB

   }

   *bc_counter_addr = bc_counter + (1 << LSB_BITS);

 }

 jint Deoptimization::total_deoptimization_count() {

   return _deoptimization_hist[Reason_none][0][0];

 }

 jint Deoptimization::deoptimization_count(DeoptReason reason) {

   assert(reason >= 0 && reason < Reason_LIMIT, "oob");

   return _deoptimization_hist[reason][0][0];

 }

 void Deoptimization::print_statistics() {

   juint total = total_deoptimization_count();

   juint account = total;

   if (total != 0) {

     ttyLocker ttyl;

     if (xtty != NULL)  xtty->head("statistics type='deoptimization'");

     tty->print_cr("Deoptimization traps recorded:");

     #define PRINT_STAT_LINE(name, r) \

       tty->print_cr("  %4d (%4.1f%%) %s", (int)(r), ((r) * 100.0) / total, name);

     PRINT_STAT_LINE("total", total);

     // For each non-zero entry in the histogram, print the reason,

     // the action, and (if specifically known) the type of bytecode.

     for (int reason = 0; reason < Reason_LIMIT; reason++) {

       for (int action = 0; action < Action_LIMIT; action++) {

         juint* cases = _deoptimization_hist[reason][1+action];

         for (int bc_case = 0; bc_case < BC_CASE_LIMIT; bc_case++) {

           juint counter = cases[bc_case];

           if (counter != 0) {

             char name[1*K];

             Bytecodes::Code bc = (Bytecodes::Code)(counter & LSB_MASK);

             if (bc_case == BC_CASE_LIMIT && (int)bc == 0)

               bc = Bytecodes::_illegal;

             sprintf(name, "%s/%s/%s",

                     trap_reason_name(reason),

                     trap_action_name(action),

                     Bytecodes::is_defined(bc)? Bytecodes::name(bc): "other");

             juint r = counter >> LSB_BITS;

             tty->print_cr("  %40s: " UINT32_FORMAT " (%.1f%%)", name, r, (r * 100.0) / total);

             account -= r;

           }

         }

       }

     }

     if (account != 0) {

       PRINT_STAT_LINE("unaccounted", account);

     }

     #undef PRINT_STAT_LINE

     if (xtty != NULL)  xtty->tail("statistics");

   }

 }

 #else // COMPILER2 || SHARK

 // Stubs for C1 only system.

 bool Deoptimization::trap_state_is_recompiled(int trap_state) {

   return false;

 }

 const char* Deoptimization::trap_reason_name(int reason) {

   return "unknown";

 }

 void Deoptimization::print_statistics() {

   // no output

 }

 void

 Deoptimization::update_method_data_from_interpreter(MethodData* trap_mdo, int trap_bci, int reason) {

   // no udpate

 }

 int Deoptimization::trap_state_has_reason(int trap_state, int reason) {

   return 0;

 }

 void Deoptimization::gather_statistics(DeoptReason reason, DeoptAction action,

                                        Bytecodes::Code bc) {

   // no update

 }

 const char* Deoptimization::format_trap_state(char* buf, size_t buflen,

                                               int trap_state) {

   jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "#%d", trap_state);

   return buf;

 }

 #endif // COMPILER2 || SHARK