Mercurial > jdk8-mips64-public > hotspot / file revision

 /*

  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

  *

  */

 #include "precompiled.hpp"

 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"

 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"

 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"

 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"

 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"

 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"

 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"

 #include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"

 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"

 #include "memory/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"

 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"

 #include "memory/gcLocker.inline.hpp"

 #include "memory/genCollectedHeap.hpp"

 #include "memory/genRemSet.hpp"

 #include "memory/generation.hpp"

 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"

 #include "memory/permGen.hpp"

 #include "memory/space.hpp"

 #include "memory/universe.hpp"

 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"

 #include "oops/arrayKlassKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/compiledICHolderKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/constMethodKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/constantPoolKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/constantPoolOop.hpp"

 #include "oops/cpCacheKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/cpCacheOop.hpp"

 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/instanceKlassKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/klassKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/klassOop.hpp"

 #include "oops/methodDataKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/methodKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/objArrayKlassKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/typeArrayKlassKlass.hpp"

 #include "prims/jvmtiRedefineClassesTrace.hpp"

 #include "runtime/aprofiler.hpp"

 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"

 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"

 #include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"

 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/init.hpp"

 #include "runtime/java.hpp"

 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"

 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"

 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"

 #include "runtime/timer.hpp"

 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"

 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"

 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"

 #include "utilities/events.hpp"

 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"

 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_linux

 # include "thread_linux.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_solaris

 # include "thread_solaris.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_windows

 # include "thread_windows.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_bsd

 # include "thread_bsd.inline.hpp"

 #endif

 #ifndef SERIALGC

 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsAdaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"

 #endif

 // Known objects

 klassOop Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_charArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_intArrayKlassObj                  = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj                = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_longArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1]      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };

 klassOop Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj               = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_methodKlassObj                    = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_constMethodKlassObj               = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_methodDataKlassObj                = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_klassKlassObj                     = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_arrayKlassKlassObj                = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_objArrayKlassKlassObj             = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_typeArrayKlassKlassObj            = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_instanceKlassKlassObj             = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_constantPoolKlassObj              = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_constantPoolCacheKlassObj         = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_compiledICHolderKlassObj          = NULL;

 klassOop Universe::_systemObjArrayKlassObj            = NULL;

 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;

 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;

 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;

 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;

 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;

 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;

 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;

 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;

 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;

 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };

 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;

 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;

 typeArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_byte_array          = NULL;

 typeArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_short_array         = NULL;

 typeArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_int_array           = NULL;

 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_system_obj_array     = NULL;

 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;

 objArrayOop Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array     = NULL;

 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;

 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;

 LatestMethodOopCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;

 LatestMethodOopCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;

 ActiveMethodOopsCache* Universe::_reflect_invoke_cache    = NULL;

 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;

 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_perm_gen           = NULL;

 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;

 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;

 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;

 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;

 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;

 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;

 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;

 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;

 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;

 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.

 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)

 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)

 // Heap

 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;

 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;

 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;

 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;

 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;

 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;

 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;

 NarrowOopStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };

 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(klassOop)) {

   f(boolArrayKlassObj());

   f(byteArrayKlassObj());

   f(charArrayKlassObj());

   f(intArrayKlassObj());

   f(shortArrayKlassObj());

   f(longArrayKlassObj());

   f(singleArrayKlassObj());

   f(doubleArrayKlassObj());

 }

 void Universe::system_classes_do(void f(klassOop)) {

   f(methodKlassObj());

   f(constMethodKlassObj());

   f(methodDataKlassObj());

   f(klassKlassObj());

   f(arrayKlassKlassObj());

   f(objArrayKlassKlassObj());

   f(typeArrayKlassKlassObj());

   f(instanceKlassKlassObj());

   f(constantPoolKlassObj());

   f(systemObjArrayKlassObj());

 }

 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {

   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);

   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);

   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);

   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);

   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);

   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);

   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);

   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);

   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);

   // It's important to iterate over these guys even if they are null,

   // since that's how shared heaps are restored.

   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {

     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);

   }

   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");

   // %%% Consider moving those "shared oops" over here with the others.

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_boolArrayKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_byteArrayKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_charArrayKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_intArrayKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_shortArrayKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_longArrayKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_singleArrayKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_objectArrayKlassObj);

   {

     for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {

       if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {

         assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");

         f->do_oop((oop*)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);

       } else if (do_all) {

         f->do_oop((oop*)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);

       }

     }

   }

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_methodKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_constMethodKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_methodDataKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_klassKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arrayKlassKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_objArrayKlassKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_typeArrayKlassKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_instanceKlassKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_constantPoolKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_constantPoolCacheKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_compiledICHolderKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_systemObjArrayKlassObj);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_byte_array);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_short_array);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_int_array);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_system_obj_array);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_array_interfaces_array);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);

   _finalizer_register_cache->oops_do(f);

   _loader_addClass_cache->oops_do(f);

   _reflect_invoke_cache->oops_do(f);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_perm_gen);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);

   if (_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array != (oop)NULL) {   // NULL when DumpSharedSpaces

     f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);

   }

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);

   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);

   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)

 }

 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {

   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {

     ResourceMark rm;

     stringStream st;

     st.print("Size of %s (%ld bytes) must be aligned to %ld bytes", name, size, alignment);

     char* error = st.as_string();

     vm_exit_during_initialization(error);

   }

 }

 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {

   ResourceMark rm;

   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);

     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);

       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses

       compute_base_vtable_size();

       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {

         _klassKlassObj          = klassKlass::create_klass(CHECK);

         _arrayKlassKlassObj     = arrayKlassKlass::create_klass(CHECK);

         _objArrayKlassKlassObj  = objArrayKlassKlass::create_klass(CHECK);

         _instanceKlassKlassObj  = instanceKlassKlass::create_klass(CHECK);

         _typeArrayKlassKlassObj = typeArrayKlassKlass::create_klass(CHECK);

         _boolArrayKlassObj      = typeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);

         _charArrayKlassObj      = typeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR,    sizeof(jchar),    CHECK);

         _singleArrayKlassObj    = typeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT,   sizeof(jfloat),   CHECK);

         _doubleArrayKlassObj    = typeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE,  sizeof(jdouble),  CHECK);

         _byteArrayKlassObj      = typeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE,    sizeof(jbyte),    CHECK);

         _shortArrayKlassObj     = typeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT,   sizeof(jshort),   CHECK);

         _intArrayKlassObj       = typeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT,     sizeof(jint),     CHECK);

         _longArrayKlassObj      = typeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG,    sizeof(jlong),    CHECK);

         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;

         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR]    = _charArrayKlassObj;

         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT]   = _singleArrayKlassObj;

         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE]  = _doubleArrayKlassObj;

         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE]    = _byteArrayKlassObj;

         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT]   = _shortArrayKlassObj;

         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT]     = _intArrayKlassObj;

         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG]    = _longArrayKlassObj;

         _methodKlassObj             = methodKlass::create_klass(CHECK);

         _constMethodKlassObj        = constMethodKlass::create_klass(CHECK);

         _methodDataKlassObj         = methodDataKlass::create_klass(CHECK);

         _constantPoolKlassObj       = constantPoolKlass::create_klass(CHECK);

         _constantPoolCacheKlassObj  = constantPoolCacheKlass::create_klass(CHECK);

         _compiledICHolderKlassObj   = compiledICHolderKlass::create_klass(CHECK);

         _systemObjArrayKlassObj     = objArrayKlassKlass::cast(objArrayKlassKlassObj())->allocate_system_objArray_klass(CHECK);

         _the_empty_byte_array       = oopFactory::new_permanent_byteArray(0, CHECK);

         _the_empty_short_array      = oopFactory::new_permanent_shortArray(0, CHECK);

         _the_empty_int_array        = oopFactory::new_permanent_intArray(0, CHECK);

         _the_empty_system_obj_array = oopFactory::new_system_objArray(0, CHECK);

         _the_array_interfaces_array = oopFactory::new_system_objArray(2, CHECK);

       }

     }

     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);

     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);

     klassOop ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();

     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);

     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);

     if (UseSharedSpaces) {

       // Verify shared interfaces array.

       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->obj_at(0) ==

              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");

       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->obj_at(1) ==

              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");

       // Verify element klass for system obj array klass

       assert(objArrayKlass::cast(_systemObjArrayKlassObj)->element_klass() == ok, "u1");

       assert(objArrayKlass::cast(_systemObjArrayKlassObj)->bottom_klass() == ok, "u2");

       // Verify super class for the classes created above

       assert(Klass::cast(boolArrayKlassObj()     )->super() == ok, "u3");

       assert(Klass::cast(charArrayKlassObj()     )->super() == ok, "u3");

       assert(Klass::cast(singleArrayKlassObj()   )->super() == ok, "u3");

       assert(Klass::cast(doubleArrayKlassObj()   )->super() == ok, "u3");

       assert(Klass::cast(byteArrayKlassObj()     )->super() == ok, "u3");

       assert(Klass::cast(shortArrayKlassObj()    )->super() == ok, "u3");

       assert(Klass::cast(intArrayKlassObj()      )->super() == ok, "u3");

       assert(Klass::cast(longArrayKlassObj()     )->super() == ok, "u3");

       assert(Klass::cast(constantPoolKlassObj()  )->super() == ok, "u3");

       assert(Klass::cast(systemObjArrayKlassObj())->super() == ok, "u3");

     } else {

       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)

       _the_array_interfaces_array->obj_at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());

       _the_array_interfaces_array->obj_at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());

       // Set element klass for system obj array klass

       objArrayKlass::cast(_systemObjArrayKlassObj)->set_element_klass(ok);

       objArrayKlass::cast(_systemObjArrayKlassObj)->set_bottom_klass(ok);

       // Set super class for the classes created above

       Klass::cast(boolArrayKlassObj()     )->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);

       Klass::cast(charArrayKlassObj()     )->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);

       Klass::cast(singleArrayKlassObj()   )->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);

       Klass::cast(doubleArrayKlassObj()   )->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);

       Klass::cast(byteArrayKlassObj()     )->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);

       Klass::cast(shortArrayKlassObj()    )->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);

       Klass::cast(intArrayKlassObj()      )->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);

       Klass::cast(longArrayKlassObj()     )->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);

       Klass::cast(constantPoolKlassObj()  )->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);

       Klass::cast(systemObjArrayKlassObj())->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);

       Klass::cast(boolArrayKlassObj()     )->set_super(ok);

       Klass::cast(charArrayKlassObj()     )->set_super(ok);

       Klass::cast(singleArrayKlassObj()   )->set_super(ok);

       Klass::cast(doubleArrayKlassObj()   )->set_super(ok);

       Klass::cast(byteArrayKlassObj()     )->set_super(ok);

       Klass::cast(shortArrayKlassObj()    )->set_super(ok);

       Klass::cast(intArrayKlassObj()      )->set_super(ok);

       Klass::cast(longArrayKlassObj()     )->set_super(ok);

       Klass::cast(constantPoolKlassObj()  )->set_super(ok);

       Klass::cast(systemObjArrayKlassObj())->set_super(ok);

     }

     Klass::cast(boolArrayKlassObj()     )->append_to_sibling_list();

     Klass::cast(charArrayKlassObj()     )->append_to_sibling_list();

     Klass::cast(singleArrayKlassObj()   )->append_to_sibling_list();

     Klass::cast(doubleArrayKlassObj()   )->append_to_sibling_list();

     Klass::cast(byteArrayKlassObj()     )->append_to_sibling_list();

     Klass::cast(shortArrayKlassObj()    )->append_to_sibling_list();

     Klass::cast(intArrayKlassObj()      )->append_to_sibling_list();

     Klass::cast(longArrayKlassObj()     )->append_to_sibling_list();

     Klass::cast(constantPoolKlassObj()  )->append_to_sibling_list();

     Klass::cast(systemObjArrayKlassObj())->append_to_sibling_list();

   } // end of core bootstrapping

   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make

   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.

   _objectArrayKlassObj = instanceKlass::

     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);

   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that

   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.

   Klass::cast(_objectArrayKlassObj)->append_to_sibling_list();

   // Compute is_jdk version flags.

   // Only 1.3 or later has the java.lang.Shutdown class.

   // Only 1.4 or later has the java.lang.CharSequence interface.

   // Only 1.5 or later has the java.lang.management.MemoryUsage class.

   if (JDK_Version::is_partially_initialized()) {

     uint8_t jdk_version;

     klassOop k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(

         vmSymbols::java_lang_management_MemoryUsage(), THREAD);

     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions

     if (k == NULL) {

       k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(

           vmSymbols::java_lang_CharSequence(), THREAD);

       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions

       if (k == NULL) {

         k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(

             vmSymbols::java_lang_Shutdown(), THREAD);

         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions

         if (k == NULL) {

           jdk_version = 2;

         } else {

           jdk_version = 3;

         }

       } else {

         jdk_version = 4;

       }

     } else {

       jdk_version = 5;

     }

     JDK_Version::fully_initialize(jdk_version);

   }

   #ifdef ASSERT

   if (FullGCALot) {

     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.

     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,

     // so that when we free one and then collect,

     // (almost) the whole heap moves

     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.

     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,

     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection

     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.

     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.

     int size;

     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {

       warning("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc "

               "will not force all objects to relocate");

       size = FullGCALotDummies;

     } else {

       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;

     }

     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_system_objArray(size, CHECK);

     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);

     int i = 0;

     while (i < size) {

       if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {

         // Allocate dummy in old generation

         oop dummy = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->allocate_instance(CHECK);

         dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);

       }

       // Allocate dummy in permanent generation

       oop dummy = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->allocate_permanent_instance(CHECK);

       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);

     }

     {

       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.

       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances

       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.

       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);

       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {

         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();

       }

     }

     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");

   }

   #endif

 }

 static inline void* dereference(void* addr) {

   return *(void**)addr;

 }

 static inline void add_vtable(void** list, int* n, void* o, int count) {

   guarantee((*n) < count, "vtable list too small");

   void* vtable = dereference(o);

   assert(dereference(vtable) != NULL, "invalid vtable");

   list[(*n)++] = vtable;

 }

 void Universe::init_self_patching_vtbl_list(void** list, int count) {

   int n = 0;

   { klassKlass o;             add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { arrayKlassKlass o;        add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { objArrayKlassKlass o;     add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { instanceKlassKlass o;     add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { instanceKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { instanceMirrorKlass o;    add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { instanceRefKlass o;       add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { typeArrayKlassKlass o;    add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { typeArrayKlass o;         add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { methodKlass o;            add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { constMethodKlass o;       add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { constantPoolKlass o;      add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { constantPoolCacheKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { objArrayKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { methodDataKlass o;        add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

   { compiledICHolderKlass o;  add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   // In non-product builds CHeapObj is derived from AllocatedObj,

   // so symbols in CDS archive should have their vtable pointer patched.

   { Symbol o;                 add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }

 #endif

 }

 class FixupMirrorClosure: public ObjectClosure {

  public:

   virtual void do_object(oop obj) {

     if (obj->is_klass()) {

       EXCEPTION_MARK;

       KlassHandle k(THREAD, klassOop(obj));

       // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause

       // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization

       java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(k, CATCH);

       // This call unconditionally creates a new mirror for k,

       // and links in k's component_mirror field if k is an array.

       // If k is an objArray, k's element type must already have

       // a mirror.  In other words, this closure must process

       // the component type of an objArray k before it processes k.

       // This works because the permgen iterator presents arrays

       // and their component types in order of creation.

     }

   }

 };

 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {

   if (UseSharedSpaces) {

     assert(_int_mirror != NULL, "already loaded");

     assert(_void_mirror == _mirrors[T_VOID], "consistently loaded");

   } else {

     assert(_int_mirror==NULL, "basic type mirrors already initialized");

     _int_mirror     =

       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);

     _float_mirror   =

       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);

     _double_mirror  =

       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);

     _byte_mirror    =

       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);

     _bool_mirror    =

       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);

     _char_mirror    =

       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);

     _long_mirror    =

       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);

     _short_mirror   =

       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);

     _void_mirror    =

       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);

     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;

     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;

     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;

     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;

     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;

     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;

     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;

     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;

     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;

     //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = instanceKlass::cast(_object_klass)->java_mirror();

     //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = instanceKlass::cast(_object_klass)->java_mirror();

   }

 }

 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {

   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,

   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply

   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note

   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.

   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");

   // Cache the start of the static fields

   instanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();

   FixupMirrorClosure blk;

   Universe::heap()->permanent_object_iterate(&blk);

 }

 static bool has_run_finalizers_on_exit = false;

 void Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit() {

   if (has_run_finalizers_on_exit) return;

   has_run_finalizers_on_exit = true;

   // Called on VM exit. This ought to be run in a separate thread.

   if (TraceReferenceGC) tty->print_cr("Callback to run finalizers on exit");

   {

     PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;

     KlassHandle finalizer_klass(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass());

     JavaValue result(T_VOID);

     JavaCalls::call_static(

       &result,

       finalizer_klass,

       vmSymbols::run_finalizers_on_exit_name(),

       vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),

       THREAD

     );

     // Ignore any pending exceptions

     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;

   }

 }

 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if

 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and

 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled

 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops

 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(KlassHandle k_h, TRAPS) {

   // init vtable of k and all subclasses

   Klass* ko = k_h()->klass_part();

   klassVtable* vt = ko->vtable();

   if (vt) vt->initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);

   if (ko->oop_is_instance()) {

     instanceKlass* ik = (instanceKlass*)ko;

     for (KlassHandle s_h(THREAD, ik->subklass()); s_h() != NULL; s_h = (THREAD, s_h()->klass_part()->next_sibling())) {

       reinitialize_vtable_of(s_h, CHECK);

     }

   }

 }

 void initialize_itable_for_klass(klassOop k, TRAPS) {

   instanceKlass::cast(k)->itable()->initialize_itable(false, CHECK);

 }

 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {

   SystemDictionary::classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);

 }

 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {

   return ((uintptr_t) addr) % os::vm_page_size() == 0;

 }

 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {

   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have

   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all

   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid

   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting

   // to allocate the backtrace.

   return ((throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap) &&

           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_perm_gen)  &&

           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size) &&

           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit));

 }

 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {

   // generate an out of memory error:

   // - if there is a preallocated error with backtrace available then return it wth

   //   a filled in stack trace.

   // - if there are no preallocated errors with backtrace available then return

   //   an error without backtrace.

   int next;

   if (_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) {

     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);

     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");

   } else {

     next = -1;

   }

   if (next < 0) {

     // all preallocated errors have been used.

     // return default

     return default_err;

   } else {

     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the

     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.

     oop exc = preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next);

     assert(exc != NULL, "slot has been used already");

     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);

     // use the message from the default error

     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err);

     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");

     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc, msg);

     // populate the stack trace and return it.

     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);

     return exc;

   }

 }

 static intptr_t non_oop_bits = 0;

 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {

   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed

   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.

   //

   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes

   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,

   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the

   // word will never look like that of a real oop.

   //

   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)

   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.

   if (non_oop_bits == 0) {

     non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;

   }

   return (void*)non_oop_bits;

 }

 jint universe_init() {

   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");

   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),

          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");

   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");

   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,

             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");

   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TraceStartupTime);

   GC_locker::lock();  // do not allow gc during bootstrapping

   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();

   // Get map info from shared archive file.

   if (DumpSharedSpaces)

     UseSharedSpaces = false;

   FileMapInfo* mapinfo = NULL;

   if (UseSharedSpaces) {

     mapinfo = NEW_C_HEAP_OBJ(FileMapInfo);

     memset(mapinfo, 0, sizeof(FileMapInfo));

     // Open the shared archive file, read and validate the header. If

     // initialization files, shared spaces [UseSharedSpaces] are

     // disabled and the file is closed.

     if (mapinfo->initialize()) {

       FileMapInfo::set_current_info(mapinfo);

     } else {

       assert(!mapinfo->is_open() && !UseSharedSpaces,

              "archive file not closed or shared spaces not disabled.");

     }

   }

   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();

   if (status != JNI_OK) {

     return status;

   }

   // We have a heap so create the methodOop caches before

   // CompactingPermGenGen::initialize_oops() tries to populate them.

   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodOopCache();

   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodOopCache();

   Universe::_reflect_invoke_cache     = new ActiveMethodOopsCache();

   if (UseSharedSpaces) {

     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared

     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to

     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and

     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the

     // currently mapped regions.

     CompactingPermGenGen::initialize_oops();

     mapinfo->close();

   } else {

     SymbolTable::create_table();

     StringTable::create_table();

     ClassLoader::create_package_info_table();

   }

   return JNI_OK;

 }

 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode

 // when compressed oops are used:

 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when

 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb

 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when

 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb

 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.

 // 4Gb

 static const uint64_t NarrowOopHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1);

 // 32Gb

 // OopEncodingHeapMax == NarrowOopHeapMax << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;

 char* Universe::preferred_heap_base(size_t heap_size, NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {

   size_t base = 0;

 #ifdef _LP64

   if (UseCompressedOops) {

     assert(mode == UnscaledNarrowOop  ||

            mode == ZeroBasedNarrowOop ||

            mode == HeapBasedNarrowOop, "mode is invalid");

     const size_t total_size = heap_size + HeapBaseMinAddress;

     // Return specified base for the first request.

     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(HeapBaseMinAddress) && (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop)) {

       base = HeapBaseMinAddress;

     } else if (total_size <= OopEncodingHeapMax && (mode != HeapBasedNarrowOop)) {

       if (total_size <= NarrowOopHeapMax && (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop) &&

           (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0)) {

         // Use 32-bits oops without encoding and

         // place heap's top on the 4Gb boundary

         base = (NarrowOopHeapMax - heap_size);

       } else {

         // Can't reserve with NarrowOopShift == 0

         Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);

         if (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop ||

             mode == ZeroBasedNarrowOop && total_size <= NarrowOopHeapMax) {

           // Use zero based compressed oops with encoding and

           // place heap's top on the 32Gb boundary in case

           // total_size > 4Gb or failed to reserve below 4Gb.

           base = (OopEncodingHeapMax - heap_size);

         }

       }

     } else {

       // Can't reserve below 32Gb.

       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);

     }

     // Set narrow_oop_base and narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks

     // used in ReservedHeapSpace() constructors.

     // The final values will be set in initialize_heap() below.

     if (base != 0 && (base + heap_size) <= OopEncodingHeapMax) {

       // Use zero based compressed oops

       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(NULL);

       // Don't need guard page for implicit checks in indexed

       // addressing mode with zero based Compressed Oops.

       Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(true);

     } else {

       // Set to a non-NULL value so the ReservedSpace ctor computes

       // the correct no-access prefix.

       // The final value will be set in initialize_heap() below.

       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)NarrowOopHeapMax);

 #ifdef _WIN64

       if (UseLargePages) {

         // Cannot allocate guard pages for implicit checks in indexed

         // addressing mode when large pages are specified on windows.

         Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(false);

       }

 #endif //  _WIN64

     }

   }

 #endif

   return (char*)base; // also return NULL (don't care) for 32-bit VM

 }

 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {

   if (UseParallelGC) {

 #ifndef SERIALGC

     Universe::_collectedHeap = new ParallelScavengeHeap();

 #else  // SERIALGC

     fatal("UseParallelGC not supported in java kernel vm.");

 #endif // SERIALGC

   } else if (UseG1GC) {

 #ifndef SERIALGC

     G1CollectorPolicy* g1p = new G1CollectorPolicy();

     G1CollectedHeap* g1h = new G1CollectedHeap(g1p);

     Universe::_collectedHeap = g1h;

 #else  // SERIALGC

     fatal("UseG1GC not supported in java kernel vm.");

 #endif // SERIALGC

   } else {

     GenCollectorPolicy *gc_policy;

     if (UseSerialGC) {

       gc_policy = new MarkSweepPolicy();

     } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {

 #ifndef SERIALGC

       if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {

         gc_policy = new ASConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy();

       } else {

         gc_policy = new ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy();

       }

 #else   // SERIALGC

     fatal("UseConcMarkSweepGC not supported in java kernel vm.");

 #endif // SERIALGC

     } else { // default old generation

       gc_policy = new MarkSweepPolicy();

     }

     Universe::_collectedHeap = new GenCollectedHeap(gc_policy);

   }

   jint status = Universe::heap()->initialize();

   if (status != JNI_OK) {

     return status;

   }

 #ifdef _LP64

   if (UseCompressedOops) {

     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.

     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the

     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.

     // See needs_explicit_null_check.

     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates

     // compressed oops for pstack code.

     bool verbose = PrintCompressedOopsMode || (PrintMiscellaneous && Verbose);

     if (verbose) {

       tty->cr();

       tty->print("heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",

                  Universe::heap()->base(), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);

     }

     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > OopEncodingHeapMax) {

       // Can't reserve heap below 32Gb.

       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(Universe::heap()->base() - os::vm_page_size());

       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);

       if (verbose) {

         tty->print(", Compressed Oops with base: "PTR_FORMAT, Universe::narrow_oop_base());

       }

     } else {

       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);

       if (verbose) {

         tty->print(", zero based Compressed Oops");

       }

 #ifdef _WIN64

       if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {

         // Don't need guard page for implicit checks in indexed addressing

         // mode with zero based Compressed Oops.

         Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(true);

       }

 #endif //  _WIN64

       if((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > NarrowOopHeapMax) {

         // Can't reserve heap below 4Gb.

         Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);

       } else {

         Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(0);

         if (verbose) {

           tty->print(", 32-bits Oops");

         }

       }

     }

     if (verbose) {

       tty->cr();

       tty->cr();

     }

   }

   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_base() == (Universe::heap()->base() - os::vm_page_size()) ||

          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");

   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||

          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");

 #endif

   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause

   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization

   if (UseTLAB) {

     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),

            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");

     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();

   }

   return JNI_OK;

 }

 // It's the caller's repsonsibility to ensure glitch-freedom

 // (if required).

 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {

   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();

   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();

 }

 void universe2_init() {

   EXCEPTION_MARK;

   Universe::genesis(CATCH);

   // Although we'd like to verify here that the state of the heap

   // is good, we can't because the main thread has not yet added

   // itself to the threads list (so, using current interfaces

   // we can't "fill" its TLAB), unless TLABs are disabled.

   if (VerifyBeforeGC && !UseTLAB &&

       Universe::heap()->total_collections() >= VerifyGCStartAt) {

      Universe::heap()->prepare_for_verify();

      Universe::verify();   // make sure we're starting with a clean slate

   }

 }

 // This function is defined in JVM.cpp

 extern void initialize_converter_functions();

 bool universe_post_init() {

   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");

   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;

   EXCEPTION_MARK;

   { ResourceMark rm;

     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points

     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {

       KlassHandle ok_h(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Object_klass());

       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok_h, CHECK_false);

       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);

     }

   }

   klassOop k;

   instanceKlassHandle k_h;

   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {

     // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array

     Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);

     // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors

     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);

     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);

     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = k_h->allocate_permanent_instance(CHECK_false);

     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_perm_gen = k_h->allocate_permanent_instance(CHECK_false);

     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = k_h->allocate_permanent_instance(CHECK_false);

     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =

       k_h->allocate_permanent_instance(CHECK_false);

     // Setup preallocated NullPointerException

     // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)

     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);

     Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = instanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_permanent_instance(CHECK_false);

     // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException

     // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)

     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);

     Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = instanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_permanent_instance(CHECK_false);

     // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve

     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(

       vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);

     bool linked = instanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);

     if (!linked) {

       tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");

       return false; // initialization failed

     }

     Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =

       instanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_permanent_instance(CHECK_false);

     Universe::_vm_exception               = instanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_permanent_instance(CHECK_false);

   }

   if (!DumpSharedSpaces) {

     // These are the only Java fields that are currently set during shared space dumping.

     // We prefer to not handle this generally, so we always reinitialize these detail messages.

     Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);

     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());

     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("PermGen space", CHECK_false);

     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_perm_gen, msg());

     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);

     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());

     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);

     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());

     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);

     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());

     // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace

     k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();

     assert(k->klass_part()->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");

     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);

     int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;

     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(k_h(), len, CHECK_false);

     for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {

       oop err = k_h->allocate_permanent_instance(CHECK_false);

       Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);

       java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);

       Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());

     }

     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;

   }

   // Setup static method for registering finalizers

   // The finalizer klass must be linked before looking up the method, in

   // case it needs to get rewritten.

   instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);

   methodOop m = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass())->find_method(

                                   vmSymbols::register_method_name(),

                                   vmSymbols::register_method_signature());

   if (m == NULL || !m->is_static()) {

     THROW_MSG_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodException(),

       "java.lang.ref.Finalizer.register", false);

   }

   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache->init(

     SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(), m, CHECK_false);

   // Resolve on first use and initialize class.

   // Note: No race-condition here, since a resolve will always return the same result

   // Setup method for security checks

   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_Method(), true, CHECK_false);

   k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);

   k_h->link_class(CHECK_false);

   m = k_h->find_method(vmSymbols::invoke_name(), vmSymbols::object_object_array_object_signature());

   if (m == NULL || m->is_static()) {

     THROW_MSG_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodException(),

       "java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke", false);

   }

   Universe::_reflect_invoke_cache->init(k_h(), m, CHECK_false);

   // Setup method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector

   instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);

   m = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass())->find_method(vmSymbols::addClass_name(), vmSymbols::class_void_signature());

   if (m == NULL || m->is_static()) {

     THROW_MSG_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodException(),

       "java.lang.ClassLoader.addClass", false);

   }

   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache->init(

     SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(), m, CHECK_false);

   // The folowing is initializing converter functions for serialization in

   // JVM.cpp. If we clean up the StrictMath code above we may want to find

   // a better solution for this as well.

   initialize_converter_functions();

   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since

   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.

   {

     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);

     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();

   }

   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization

   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();

   GC_locker::unlock();  // allow gc after bootstrapping

   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::_collectedHeap);

   return true;

 }

 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {

   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();

 }

 // %%% The Universe::flush_foo methods belong in CodeCache.

 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee.

 void Universe::flush_dependents_on(instanceKlassHandle dependee) {

   assert_lock_strong(Compile_lock);

   if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;

   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be

   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without

   // holding the CodeCache_lock.

   KlassDepChange changes(dependee);

   // Compute the dependent nmethods

   if (CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization(changes) > 0) {

     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization

     VM_Deoptimize op;

     VMThread::execute(&op);

   }

 }

 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on a particular CallSite

 // instance when its target is different than the given MethodHandle.

 void Universe::flush_dependents_on(Handle call_site, Handle method_handle) {

   assert_lock_strong(Compile_lock);

   if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;

   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be

   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without

   // holding the CodeCache_lock.

   CallSiteDepChange changes(call_site(), method_handle());

   // Compute the dependent nmethods that have a reference to a

   // CallSite object.  We use instanceKlass::mark_dependent_nmethod

   // directly instead of CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization because we

   // want dependents on the call site class only not all classes in

   // the ContextStream.

   int marked = 0;

   {

     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

     instanceKlass* call_site_klass = instanceKlass::cast(call_site->klass());

     marked = call_site_klass->mark_dependent_nmethods(changes);

   }

   if (marked > 0) {

     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization

     VM_Deoptimize op;

     VMThread::execute(&op);

   }

 }

 #ifdef HOTSWAP

 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee in the evolutionary sense

 void Universe::flush_evol_dependents_on(instanceKlassHandle ev_k_h) {

   // --- Compile_lock is not held. However we are at a safepoint.

   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);

   if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;

   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be

   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without

   // holding the CodeCache_lock.

   // Compute the dependent nmethods

   if (CodeCache::mark_for_evol_deoptimization(ev_k_h) > 0) {

     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization

     // All this already happens inside a VM_Operation, so we'll do all the work here.

     // Stuff copied from VM_Deoptimize and modified slightly.

     // We do not want any GCs to happen while we are in the middle of this VM operation

     ResourceMark rm;

     DeoptimizationMarker dm;

     // Deoptimize all activations depending on marked nmethods

     Deoptimization::deoptimize_dependents();

     // Make the dependent methods not entrant (in VM_Deoptimize they are made zombies)

     CodeCache::make_marked_nmethods_not_entrant();

   }

 }

 #endif // HOTSWAP

 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee

 void Universe::flush_dependents_on_method(methodHandle m_h) {

   // --- Compile_lock is not held. However we are at a safepoint.

   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);

   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be

   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without

   // holding the CodeCache_lock.

   // Compute the dependent nmethods

   if (CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization(m_h()) > 0) {

     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization

     // All this already happens inside a VM_Operation, so we'll do all the work here.

     // Stuff copied from VM_Deoptimize and modified slightly.

     // We do not want any GCs to happen while we are in the middle of this VM operation

     ResourceMark rm;

     DeoptimizationMarker dm;

     // Deoptimize all activations depending on marked nmethods

     Deoptimization::deoptimize_dependents();

     // Make the dependent methods not entrant (in VM_Deoptimize they are made zombies)

     CodeCache::make_marked_nmethods_not_entrant();

   }

 }

 void Universe::print() {

   print_on(gclog_or_tty);

 }

 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st, bool extended) {

   st->print_cr("Heap");

   if (!extended) {

     heap()->print_on(st);

   } else {

     heap()->print_extended_on(st);

   }

 }

 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {

   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {

     MutexLocker hl(Heap_lock);

     print_on(tty);

     tty->cr();

     tty->flush();

   }

 }

 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {

   st->print_cr("{Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):",

                heap()->total_collections(),

                heap()->total_full_collections());

   if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {

     heap()->print_on(st);

   } else {

     heap()->print_extended_on(st);

   }

 }

 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {

   st->print_cr("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):",

                heap()->total_collections(),

                heap()->total_full_collections());

   if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {

     heap()->print_on(st);

   } else {

     heap()->print_extended_on(st);

   }

   st->print_cr("}");

 }

 void Universe::verify(bool allow_dirty, bool silent, VerifyOption option) {

   if (SharedSkipVerify) {

     return;

   }

   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for

   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear

   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is

   // straight forward.

   _verify_in_progress = true;

   COMPILER2_PRESENT(

     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),

          "DPT should not be active during verification "

          "(of thread stacks below)");

   )

   ResourceMark rm;

   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped

   _verify_count++;

   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("[Verifying ");

   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("threads ");

   Threads::verify();

   heap()->verify(allow_dirty, silent, option);

   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("syms ");

   SymbolTable::verify();

   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("strs ");

   StringTable::verify();

   {

     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

     if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("zone ");

     CodeCache::verify();

   }

   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("dict ");

   SystemDictionary::verify();

   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("hand ");

   JNIHandles::verify();

   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("C-heap ");

   os::check_heap();

   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("code cache ");

   CodeCache::verify_oops();

   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print_cr("]");

   _verify_in_progress = false;

 }

 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)

 static uintptr_t _verify_oop_data[2]   = {0, (uintptr_t)-1};

 static uintptr_t _verify_klass_data[2] = {0, (uintptr_t)-1};

 static void calculate_verify_data(uintptr_t verify_data[2],

                                   HeapWord* low_boundary,

                                   HeapWord* high_boundary) {

   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");

   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:

   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;

   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();

   // make an inclusive limit:

   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;

   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;

   assert(min < max, "bad interval");

   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;

   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish

   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);

   while ((mask & diff) != 0)

     mask <<= 1;

   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);

   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");

   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:

   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");

   // require address alignment, too:

   mask |= (alignSize - 1);

   if (!(verify_data[0] == 0 && verify_data[1] == (uintptr_t)-1)) {

     assert(verify_data[0] == mask && verify_data[1] == bits, "mask stability");

   }

   verify_data[0] = mask;

   verify_data[1] = bits;

 }

 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)

 #ifndef PRODUCT

 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {

   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();

   calculate_verify_data(_verify_oop_data,

                         m.start(),

                         m.end());

   return _verify_oop_data[0];

 }

 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {

   verify_oop_mask();

   return _verify_oop_data[1];

 }

 uintptr_t Universe::verify_klass_mask() {

   /* $$$

   // A klass can never live in the new space.  Since the new and old

   // spaces can change size, we must settle for bounds-checking against

   // the bottom of the world, plus the smallest possible new and old

   // space sizes that may arise during execution.

   size_t min_new_size = Universe::new_size();   // in bytes

   size_t min_old_size = Universe::old_size();   // in bytes

   calculate_verify_data(_verify_klass_data,

           (HeapWord*)((uintptr_t)_new_gen->low_boundary + min_new_size + min_old_size),

           _perm_gen->high_boundary);

                         */

   // Why doesn't the above just say that klass's always live in the perm

   // gen?  I'll see if that seems to work...

   MemRegion permanent_reserved;

   switch (Universe::heap()->kind()) {

   default:

     // ???: What if a CollectedHeap doesn't have a permanent generation?

     ShouldNotReachHere();

     break;

   case CollectedHeap::GenCollectedHeap:

   case CollectedHeap::G1CollectedHeap: {

     SharedHeap* sh = (SharedHeap*) Universe::heap();

     permanent_reserved = sh->perm_gen()->reserved();

    break;

   }

 #ifndef SERIALGC

   case CollectedHeap::ParallelScavengeHeap: {

     ParallelScavengeHeap* psh = (ParallelScavengeHeap*) Universe::heap();

     permanent_reserved = psh->perm_gen()->reserved();

     break;

   }

 #endif // SERIALGC

   }

   calculate_verify_data(_verify_klass_data,

                         permanent_reserved.start(),

                         permanent_reserved.end());

   return _verify_klass_data[0];

 }

 uintptr_t Universe::verify_klass_bits() {

   verify_klass_mask();

   return _verify_klass_data[1];

 }

 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {

   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;

 }

 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {

   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();

   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();

   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");

   return bits;

 }

 #endif // PRODUCT

 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {

   verify_oop_mask();

   verify_oop_bits();

   verify_mark_mask();

   verify_mark_bits();

   verify_klass_mask();

   verify_klass_bits();

 }

 void CommonMethodOopCache::init(klassOop k, methodOop m, TRAPS) {

   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {

     _klass = k;

   }

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   else {

     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass

     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");

   }

 #endif

   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();

   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");

 }

 ActiveMethodOopsCache::~ActiveMethodOopsCache() {

   if (_prev_methods != NULL) {

     for (int i = _prev_methods->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {

       jweak method_ref = _prev_methods->at(i);

       if (method_ref != NULL) {

         JNIHandles::destroy_weak_global(method_ref);

       }

     }

     delete _prev_methods;

     _prev_methods = NULL;

   }

 }

 void ActiveMethodOopsCache::add_previous_version(const methodOop method) {

   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(),

     "only VMThread can add previous versions");

   if (_prev_methods == NULL) {

     // This is the first previous version so make some space.

     // Start with 2 elements under the assumption that the class

     // won't be redefined much.

     _prev_methods = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP) GrowableArray<jweak>(2, true);

   }

   // RC_TRACE macro has an embedded ResourceMark

   RC_TRACE(0x00000100,

     ("add: %s(%s): adding prev version ref for cached method @%d",

     method->name()->as_C_string(), method->signature()->as_C_string(),

     _prev_methods->length()));

   methodHandle method_h(method);

   jweak method_ref = JNIHandles::make_weak_global(method_h);

   _prev_methods->append(method_ref);

   // Using weak references allows previous versions of the cached

   // method to be GC'ed when they are no longer needed. Since the

   // caller is the VMThread and we are at a safepoint, this is a good

   // time to clear out unused weak references.

   for (int i = _prev_methods->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {

     jweak method_ref = _prev_methods->at(i);

     assert(method_ref != NULL, "weak method ref was unexpectedly cleared");

     if (method_ref == NULL) {

       _prev_methods->remove_at(i);

       // Since we are traversing the array backwards, we don't have to

       // do anything special with the index.

       continue;  // robustness

     }

     methodOop m = (methodOop)JNIHandles::resolve(method_ref);

     if (m == NULL) {

       // this method entry has been GC'ed so remove it

       JNIHandles::destroy_weak_global(method_ref);

       _prev_methods->remove_at(i);

     } else {

       // RC_TRACE macro has an embedded ResourceMark

       RC_TRACE(0x00000400, ("add: %s(%s): previous cached method @%d is alive",

         m->name()->as_C_string(), m->signature()->as_C_string(), i));

     }

   }

 } // end add_previous_version()

 bool ActiveMethodOopsCache::is_same_method(const methodOop method) const {

   instanceKlass* ik = instanceKlass::cast(klass());

   methodOop check_method = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());

   assert(check_method != NULL, "sanity check");

   if (check_method == method) {

     // done with the easy case

     return true;

   }

   if (_prev_methods != NULL) {

     // The cached method has been redefined at least once so search

     // the previous versions for a match.

     for (int i = 0; i < _prev_methods->length(); i++) {

       jweak method_ref = _prev_methods->at(i);

       assert(method_ref != NULL, "weak method ref was unexpectedly cleared");

       if (method_ref == NULL) {

         continue;  // robustness

       }

       check_method = (methodOop)JNIHandles::resolve(method_ref);

       if (check_method == method) {

         // a previous version matches

         return true;

       }

     }

   }

   // either no previous versions or no previous version matched

   return false;

 }

 methodOop LatestMethodOopCache::get_methodOop() {

   instanceKlass* ik = instanceKlass::cast(klass());

   methodOop m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());

   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");

   return m;

 }

 #ifdef ASSERT

 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap

 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {

   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);

   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {

     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {

       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead

       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;

       return false;

     }

     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {

       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation

       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);

     }

     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation

     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);

   }

   return true;

 }

 #endif // ASSERT