Mercurial > jdk8-mips64-public > hotspot / file revision

 /*

  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

  *

  */

 #include "precompiled.hpp"

 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"

 #include "classfile/javaAssertions.hpp"

 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"

 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"

 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"

 #if INCLUDE_CDS

 #include "classfile/sharedClassUtil.hpp"

 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"

 #endif

 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"

 #include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"

 #include "interpreter/bytecode.hpp"

 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"

 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"

 #include "oops/fieldStreams.hpp"

 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/method.hpp"

 #include "prims/jvm.h"

 #include "prims/jvm_misc.hpp"

 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"

 #include "prims/jvmtiThreadState.hpp"

 #include "prims/nativeLookup.hpp"

 #include "prims/privilegedStack.hpp"

 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"

 #include "runtime/dtraceJSDT.hpp"

 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/init.hpp"

 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"

 #include "runtime/java.hpp"

 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"

 #include "runtime/jfieldIDWorkaround.hpp"

 #include "runtime/orderAccess.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/os.hpp"

 #include "runtime/perfData.hpp"

 #include "runtime/reflection.hpp"

 #include "runtime/vframe.hpp"

 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"

 #include "services/attachListener.hpp"

 #include "services/management.hpp"

 #include "services/threadService.hpp"

 #include "trace/tracing.hpp"

 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"

 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"

 #include "utilities/dtrace.hpp"

 #include "utilities/events.hpp"

 #include "utilities/histogram.hpp"

 #include "utilities/top.hpp"

 #include "utilities/utf8.hpp"

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_linux

 # include "jvm_linux.h"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_solaris

 # include "jvm_solaris.h"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_windows

 # include "jvm_windows.h"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_aix

 # include "jvm_aix.h"

 #endif

 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_bsd

 # include "jvm_bsd.h"

 #endif

 #include <errno.h>

 #ifndef USDT2

 HS_DTRACE_PROBE_DECL1(hotspot, thread__sleep__begin, long long);

 HS_DTRACE_PROBE_DECL1(hotspot, thread__sleep__end, int);

 HS_DTRACE_PROBE_DECL0(hotspot, thread__yield);

 #endif /* !USDT2 */

 /*

   NOTE about use of any ctor or function call that can trigger a safepoint/GC:

   such ctors and calls MUST NOT come between an oop declaration/init and its

   usage because if objects are move this may cause various memory stomps, bus

   errors and segfaults. Here is a cookbook for causing so called "naked oop

   failures":

       JVM_ENTRY(jobjectArray, JVM_GetClassDeclaredFields<etc> {

           JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassDeclaredFields");

           // Object address to be held directly in mirror & not visible to GC

           oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass);

           // If this ctor can hit a safepoint, moving objects around, then

           ComplexConstructor foo;

           // Boom! mirror may point to JUNK instead of the intended object

           (some dereference of mirror)

           // Here's another call that may block for GC, making mirror stale

           MutexLocker ml(some_lock);

           // And here's an initializer that can result in a stale oop

           // all in one step.

           oop o = call_that_can_throw_exception(TRAPS);

   The solution is to keep the oop declaration BELOW the ctor or function

   call that might cause a GC, do another resolve to reassign the oop, or

   consider use of a Handle instead of an oop so there is immunity from object

   motion. But note that the "QUICK" entries below do not have a handlemark

   and thus can only support use of handles passed in.

 */

 static void trace_class_resolution_impl(Klass* to_class, TRAPS) {

   ResourceMark rm;

   int line_number = -1;

   const char * source_file = NULL;

   const char * trace = "explicit";

   InstanceKlass* caller = NULL;

   JavaThread* jthread = JavaThread::current();

   if (jthread->has_last_Java_frame()) {

     vframeStream vfst(jthread);

     // scan up the stack skipping ClassLoader, AccessController and PrivilegedAction frames

     TempNewSymbol access_controller = SymbolTable::new_symbol("java/security/AccessController", CHECK);

     Klass* access_controller_klass = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(access_controller, false, CHECK);

     TempNewSymbol privileged_action = SymbolTable::new_symbol("java/security/PrivilegedAction", CHECK);

     Klass* privileged_action_klass = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(privileged_action, false, CHECK);

     Method* last_caller = NULL;

     while (!vfst.at_end()) {

       Method* m = vfst.method();

       if (!vfst.method()->method_holder()->is_subclass_of(SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass())&&

           !vfst.method()->method_holder()->is_subclass_of(access_controller_klass) &&

           !vfst.method()->method_holder()->is_subclass_of(privileged_action_klass)) {

         break;

       }

       last_caller = m;

       vfst.next();

     }

     // if this is called from Class.forName0 and that is called from Class.forName,

     // then print the caller of Class.forName.  If this is Class.loadClass, then print

     // that caller, otherwise keep quiet since this should be picked up elsewhere.

     bool found_it = false;

     if (!vfst.at_end() &&

         vfst.method()->method_holder()->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_Class() &&

         vfst.method()->name() == vmSymbols::forName0_name()) {

       vfst.next();

       if (!vfst.at_end() &&

           vfst.method()->method_holder()->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_Class() &&

           vfst.method()->name() == vmSymbols::forName_name()) {

         vfst.next();

         found_it = true;

       }

     } else if (last_caller != NULL &&

                last_caller->method_holder()->name() ==

                vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassLoader() &&

                (last_caller->name() == vmSymbols::loadClassInternal_name() ||

                 last_caller->name() == vmSymbols::loadClass_name())) {

       found_it = true;

     } else if (!vfst.at_end()) {

       if (vfst.method()->is_native()) {

         // JNI call

         found_it = true;

       }

     }

     if (found_it && !vfst.at_end()) {

       // found the caller

       caller = vfst.method()->method_holder();

       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());

       if (line_number == -1) {

         // show method name if it's a native method

         trace = vfst.method()->name_and_sig_as_C_string();

       }

       Symbol* s = caller->source_file_name();

       if (s != NULL) {

         source_file = s->as_C_string();

       }

     }

   }

   if (caller != NULL) {

     if (to_class != caller) {

       const char * from = caller->external_name();

       const char * to = to_class->external_name();

       // print in a single call to reduce interleaving between threads

       if (source_file != NULL) {

         tty->print("RESOLVE %s %s %s:%d (%s)\n", from, to, source_file, line_number, trace);

       } else {

         tty->print("RESOLVE %s %s (%s)\n", from, to, trace);

       }

     }

   }

 }

 void trace_class_resolution(Klass* to_class) {

   EXCEPTION_MARK;

   trace_class_resolution_impl(to_class, THREAD);

   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {

     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;

   }

 }

 // Wrapper to trace JVM functions

 #ifdef ASSERT

   class JVMTraceWrapper : public StackObj {

    public:

     JVMTraceWrapper(const char* format, ...) ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF(2, 3) {

       if (TraceJVMCalls) {

         va_list ap;

         va_start(ap, format);

         tty->print("JVM ");

         tty->vprint_cr(format, ap);

         va_end(ap);

       }

     }

   };

   Histogram* JVMHistogram;

   volatile jint JVMHistogram_lock = 0;

   class JVMHistogramElement : public HistogramElement {

     public:

      JVMHistogramElement(const char* name);

   };

   JVMHistogramElement::JVMHistogramElement(const char* elementName) {

     _name = elementName;

     uintx count = 0;

     while (Atomic::cmpxchg(1, &JVMHistogram_lock, 0) != 0) {

       while (OrderAccess::load_acquire(&JVMHistogram_lock) != 0) {

         count +=1;

         if ( (WarnOnStalledSpinLock > 0)

           && (count % WarnOnStalledSpinLock == 0)) {

           warning("JVMHistogram_lock seems to be stalled");

         }

       }

      }

     if(JVMHistogram == NULL)

       JVMHistogram = new Histogram("JVM Call Counts",100);

     JVMHistogram->add_element(this);

     Atomic::dec(&JVMHistogram_lock);

   }

   #define JVMCountWrapper(arg) \

       static JVMHistogramElement* e = new JVMHistogramElement(arg); \

       if (e != NULL) e->increment_count();  // Due to bug in VC++, we need a NULL check here eventhough it should never happen!

   #define JVMWrapper(arg1)                    JVMCountWrapper(arg1); JVMTraceWrapper(arg1)

   #define JVMWrapper2(arg1, arg2)             JVMCountWrapper(arg1); JVMTraceWrapper(arg1, arg2)

   #define JVMWrapper3(arg1, arg2, arg3)       JVMCountWrapper(arg1); JVMTraceWrapper(arg1, arg2, arg3)

   #define JVMWrapper4(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4) JVMCountWrapper(arg1); JVMTraceWrapper(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4)

 #else

   #define JVMWrapper(arg1)

   #define JVMWrapper2(arg1, arg2)

   #define JVMWrapper3(arg1, arg2, arg3)

   #define JVMWrapper4(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4)

 #endif

 // Interface version /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_LEAF(jint, JVM_GetInterfaceVersion())

   return JVM_INTERFACE_VERSION;

 JVM_END

 // java.lang.System //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_LEAF(jlong, JVM_CurrentTimeMillis(JNIEnv *env, jclass ignored))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_CurrentTimeMillis");

   return os::javaTimeMillis();

 JVM_END

 JVM_LEAF(jlong, JVM_NanoTime(JNIEnv *env, jclass ignored))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_NanoTime");

   return os::javaTimeNanos();

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_ArrayCopy(JNIEnv *env, jclass ignored, jobject src, jint src_pos,

                                jobject dst, jint dst_pos, jint length))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ArrayCopy");

   // Check if we have null pointers

   if (src == NULL || dst == NULL) {

     THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());

   }

   arrayOop s = arrayOop(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(src));

   arrayOop d = arrayOop(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(dst));

   assert(s->is_oop(), "JVM_ArrayCopy: src not an oop");

   assert(d->is_oop(), "JVM_ArrayCopy: dst not an oop");

   // Do copy

   s->klass()->copy_array(s, src_pos, d, dst_pos, length, thread);

 JVM_END

 static void set_property(Handle props, const char* key, const char* value, TRAPS) {

   JavaValue r(T_OBJECT);

   // public synchronized Object put(Object key, Object value);

   HandleMark hm(THREAD);

   Handle key_str    = java_lang_String::create_from_platform_dependent_str(key, CHECK);

   Handle value_str  = java_lang_String::create_from_platform_dependent_str((value != NULL ? value : ""), CHECK);

   JavaCalls::call_virtual(&r,

                           props,

                           KlassHandle(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Properties_klass()),

                           vmSymbols::put_name(),

                           vmSymbols::object_object_object_signature(),

                           key_str,

                           value_str,

                           THREAD);

 }

 #define PUTPROP(props, name, value) set_property((props), (name), (value), CHECK_(properties));

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_InitProperties(JNIEnv *env, jobject properties))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_InitProperties");

   ResourceMark rm;

   Handle props(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(properties));

   // System property list includes both user set via -D option and

   // jvm system specific properties.

   for (SystemProperty* p = Arguments::system_properties(); p != NULL; p = p->next()) {

     PUTPROP(props, p->key(), p->value());

   }

   // Convert the -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize= command line flag

   // to the sun.nio.MaxDirectMemorySize property.

   // Do this after setting user properties to prevent people

   // from setting the value with a -D option, as requested.

   {

     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxDirectMemorySize)) {

       PUTPROP(props, "sun.nio.MaxDirectMemorySize", "-1");

     } else {

       char as_chars[256];

       jio_snprintf(as_chars, sizeof(as_chars), UINTX_FORMAT, MaxDirectMemorySize);

       PUTPROP(props, "sun.nio.MaxDirectMemorySize", as_chars);

     }

   }

   // JVM monitoring and management support

   // Add the sun.management.compiler property for the compiler's name

   {

 #undef CSIZE

 #if defined(_LP64) || defined(_WIN64)

   #define CSIZE "64-Bit "

 #else

   #define CSIZE

 #endif // 64bit

 #ifdef TIERED

     const char* compiler_name = "HotSpot " CSIZE "Tiered Compilers";

 #else

 #if defined(COMPILER1)

     const char* compiler_name = "HotSpot " CSIZE "Client Compiler";

 #elif defined(COMPILER2)

     const char* compiler_name = "HotSpot " CSIZE "Server Compiler";

 #else

     const char* compiler_name = "";

 #endif // compilers

 #endif // TIERED

     if (*compiler_name != '\0' &&

         (Arguments::mode() != Arguments::_int)) {

       PUTPROP(props, "sun.management.compiler", compiler_name);

     }

   }

   return properties;

 JVM_END

 /*

  * Return the temporary directory that the VM uses for the attach

  * and perf data files.

  *

  * It is important that this directory is well-known and the

  * same for all VM instances. It cannot be affected by configuration

  * variables such as java.io.tmpdir.

  */

 JVM_ENTRY(jstring, JVM_GetTemporaryDirectory(JNIEnv *env))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetTemporaryDirectory");

   HandleMark hm(THREAD);

   const char* temp_dir = os::get_temp_directory();

   Handle h = java_lang_String::create_from_platform_dependent_str(temp_dir, CHECK_NULL);

   return (jstring) JNIHandles::make_local(env, h());

 JVM_END

 // java.lang.Runtime /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 extern volatile jint vm_created;

 JVM_ENTRY_NO_ENV(void, JVM_Exit(jint code))

   if (vm_created != 0 && (code == 0)) {

     // The VM is about to exit. We call back into Java to check whether finalizers should be run

     Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit();

   }

   before_exit(thread);

   vm_exit(code);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY_NO_ENV(void, JVM_Halt(jint code))

   before_exit(thread);

   vm_exit(code);

 JVM_END

 JVM_LEAF(void, JVM_OnExit(void (*func)(void)))

   register_on_exit_function(func);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY_NO_ENV(void, JVM_GC(void))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GC");

   if (!DisableExplicitGC) {

     Universe::heap()->collect(GCCause::_java_lang_system_gc);

   }

 JVM_END

 JVM_LEAF(jlong, JVM_MaxObjectInspectionAge(void))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_MaxObjectInspectionAge");

   return Universe::heap()->millis_since_last_gc();

 JVM_END

 JVM_LEAF(void, JVM_TraceInstructions(jboolean on))

   if (PrintJVMWarnings) warning("JVM_TraceInstructions not supported");

 JVM_END

 JVM_LEAF(void, JVM_TraceMethodCalls(jboolean on))

   if (PrintJVMWarnings) warning("JVM_TraceMethodCalls not supported");

 JVM_END

 static inline jlong convert_size_t_to_jlong(size_t val) {

   // In the 64-bit vm, a size_t can overflow a jlong (which is signed).

   NOT_LP64 (return (jlong)val;)

   LP64_ONLY(return (jlong)MIN2(val, (size_t)max_jlong);)

 }

 JVM_ENTRY_NO_ENV(jlong, JVM_TotalMemory(void))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_TotalMemory");

   size_t n = Universe::heap()->capacity();

   return convert_size_t_to_jlong(n);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY_NO_ENV(jlong, JVM_FreeMemory(void))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_FreeMemory");

   CollectedHeap* ch = Universe::heap();

   size_t n;

   {

      MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);

      n = ch->capacity() - ch->used();

   }

   return convert_size_t_to_jlong(n);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY_NO_ENV(jlong, JVM_MaxMemory(void))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_MaxMemory");

   size_t n = Universe::heap()->max_capacity();

   return convert_size_t_to_jlong(n);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY_NO_ENV(jint, JVM_ActiveProcessorCount(void))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ActiveProcessorCount");

   return os::active_processor_count();

 JVM_END

 // java.lang.Throwable //////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_FillInStackTrace(JNIEnv *env, jobject receiver))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_FillInStackTrace");

   Handle exception(thread, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(receiver));

   java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace(exception);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetStackTraceDepth(JNIEnv *env, jobject throwable))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetStackTraceDepth");

   oop exception = JNIHandles::resolve(throwable);

   return java_lang_Throwable::get_stack_trace_depth(exception, THREAD);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_GetStackTraceElement(JNIEnv *env, jobject throwable, jint index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetStackTraceElement");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam; // This ctor (throughout this module) may trigger a safepoint/GC

   oop exception = JNIHandles::resolve(throwable);

   oop element = java_lang_Throwable::get_stack_trace_element(exception, index, CHECK_NULL);

   return JNIHandles::make_local(env, element);

 JVM_END

 // java.lang.Object ///////////////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_ENTRY(jint, JVM_IHashCode(JNIEnv* env, jobject handle))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_IHashCode");

   // as implemented in the classic virtual machine; return 0 if object is NULL

   return handle == NULL ? 0 : ObjectSynchronizer::FastHashCode (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(handle)) ;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_MonitorWait(JNIEnv* env, jobject handle, jlong ms))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_MonitorWait");

   Handle obj(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(handle));

   JavaThreadInObjectWaitState jtiows(thread, ms != 0);

   if (JvmtiExport::should_post_monitor_wait()) {

     JvmtiExport::post_monitor_wait((JavaThread *)THREAD, (oop)obj(), ms);

     // The current thread already owns the monitor and it has not yet

     // been added to the wait queue so the current thread cannot be

     // made the successor. This means that the JVMTI_EVENT_MONITOR_WAIT

     // event handler cannot accidentally consume an unpark() meant for

     // the ParkEvent associated with this ObjectMonitor.

   }

   ObjectSynchronizer::wait(obj, ms, CHECK);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_MonitorNotify(JNIEnv* env, jobject handle))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_MonitorNotify");

   Handle obj(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(handle));

   ObjectSynchronizer::notify(obj, CHECK);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_MonitorNotifyAll(JNIEnv* env, jobject handle))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_MonitorNotifyAll");

   Handle obj(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(handle));

   ObjectSynchronizer::notifyall(obj, CHECK);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_Clone(JNIEnv* env, jobject handle))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_Clone");

   Handle obj(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(handle));

   const KlassHandle klass (THREAD, obj->klass());

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

 #ifdef ASSERT

   // Just checking that the cloneable flag is set correct

   if (obj->is_array()) {

     guarantee(klass->is_cloneable(), "all arrays are cloneable");

   } else {

     guarantee(obj->is_instance(), "should be instanceOop");

     bool cloneable = klass->is_subtype_of(SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());

     guarantee(cloneable == klass->is_cloneable(), "incorrect cloneable flag");

   }

 #endif

   // Check if class of obj supports the Cloneable interface.

   // All arrays are considered to be cloneable (See JLS 20.1.5)

   if (!klass->is_cloneable()) {

     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_CloneNotSupportedException(), klass->external_name());

   }

   // Make shallow object copy

   const int size = obj->size();

   oop new_obj = NULL;

   if (obj->is_array()) {

     const int length = ((arrayOop)obj())->length();

     new_obj = CollectedHeap::array_allocate(klass, size, length, CHECK_NULL);

   } else {

     new_obj = CollectedHeap::obj_allocate(klass, size, CHECK_NULL);

   }

   // 4839641 (4840070): We must do an oop-atomic copy, because if another thread

   // is modifying a reference field in the clonee, a non-oop-atomic copy might

   // be suspended in the middle of copying the pointer and end up with parts

   // of two different pointers in the field.  Subsequent dereferences will crash.

   // 4846409: an oop-copy of objects with long or double fields or arrays of same

   // won't copy the longs/doubles atomically in 32-bit vm's, so we copy jlongs instead

   // of oops.  We know objects are aligned on a minimum of an jlong boundary.

   // The same is true of StubRoutines::object_copy and the various oop_copy

   // variants, and of the code generated by the inline_native_clone intrinsic.

   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes >= BytesPerLong, "objects misaligned");

   Copy::conjoint_jlongs_atomic((jlong*)obj(), (jlong*)new_obj,

                                (size_t)align_object_size(size) / HeapWordsPerLong);

   // Clear the header

   new_obj->init_mark();

   // Store check (mark entire object and let gc sort it out)

   BarrierSet* bs = Universe::heap()->barrier_set();

   assert(bs->has_write_region_opt(), "Barrier set does not have write_region");

   bs->write_region(MemRegion((HeapWord*)new_obj, size));

   // Caution: this involves a java upcall, so the clone should be

   // "gc-robust" by this stage.

   if (klass->has_finalizer()) {

     assert(obj->is_instance(), "should be instanceOop");

     new_obj = InstanceKlass::register_finalizer(instanceOop(new_obj), CHECK_NULL);

   }

   return JNIHandles::make_local(env, oop(new_obj));

 JVM_END

 // java.lang.Compiler ////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 // The initial cuts of the HotSpot VM will not support JITs, and all existing

 // JITs would need extensive changes to work with HotSpot.  The JIT-related JVM

 // functions are all silently ignored unless JVM warnings are printed.

 JVM_LEAF(void, JVM_InitializeCompiler (JNIEnv *env, jclass compCls))

   if (PrintJVMWarnings) warning("JVM_InitializeCompiler not supported");

 JVM_END

 JVM_LEAF(jboolean, JVM_IsSilentCompiler(JNIEnv *env, jclass compCls))

   if (PrintJVMWarnings) warning("JVM_IsSilentCompiler not supported");

   return JNI_FALSE;

 JVM_END

 JVM_LEAF(jboolean, JVM_CompileClass(JNIEnv *env, jclass compCls, jclass cls))

   if (PrintJVMWarnings) warning("JVM_CompileClass not supported");

   return JNI_FALSE;

 JVM_END

 JVM_LEAF(jboolean, JVM_CompileClasses(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jstring jname))

   if (PrintJVMWarnings) warning("JVM_CompileClasses not supported");

   return JNI_FALSE;

 JVM_END

 JVM_LEAF(jobject, JVM_CompilerCommand(JNIEnv *env, jclass compCls, jobject arg))

   if (PrintJVMWarnings) warning("JVM_CompilerCommand not supported");

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 JVM_LEAF(void, JVM_EnableCompiler(JNIEnv *env, jclass compCls))

   if (PrintJVMWarnings) warning("JVM_EnableCompiler not supported");

 JVM_END

 JVM_LEAF(void, JVM_DisableCompiler(JNIEnv *env, jclass compCls))

   if (PrintJVMWarnings) warning("JVM_DisableCompiler not supported");

 JVM_END

 // Error message support //////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_LEAF(jint, JVM_GetLastErrorString(char *buf, int len))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetLastErrorString");

   return (jint)os::lasterror(buf, len);

 JVM_END

 // java.io.File ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_LEAF(char*, JVM_NativePath(char* path))

   JVMWrapper2("JVM_NativePath (%s)", path);

   return os::native_path(path);

 JVM_END

 // Misc. class handling ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_GetCallerClass(JNIEnv* env, int depth))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetCallerClass");

   // Pre-JDK 8 and early builds of JDK 8 don't have a CallerSensitive annotation; or

   // sun.reflect.Reflection.getCallerClass with a depth parameter is provided

   // temporarily for existing code to use until a replacement API is defined.

   if (SystemDictionary::reflect_CallerSensitive_klass() == NULL || depth != JVM_CALLER_DEPTH) {

     Klass* k = thread->security_get_caller_class(depth);

     return (k == NULL) ? NULL : (jclass) JNIHandles::make_local(env, k->java_mirror());

   }

   // Getting the class of the caller frame.

   //

   // The call stack at this point looks something like this:

   //

   // [0] [ @CallerSensitive public sun.reflect.Reflection.getCallerClass ]

   // [1] [ @CallerSensitive API.method                                   ]

   // [.] [ (skipped intermediate frames)                                 ]

   // [n] [ caller                                                        ]

   vframeStream vfst(thread);

   // Cf. LibraryCallKit::inline_native_Reflection_getCallerClass

   for (int n = 0; !vfst.at_end(); vfst.security_next(), n++) {

     Method* m = vfst.method();

     assert(m != NULL, "sanity");

     switch (n) {

     case 0:

       // This must only be called from Reflection.getCallerClass

       if (m->intrinsic_id() != vmIntrinsics::_getCallerClass) {

         THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "JVM_GetCallerClass must only be called from Reflection.getCallerClass");

       }

       // fall-through

     case 1:

       // Frame 0 and 1 must be caller sensitive.

       if (!m->caller_sensitive()) {

         THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), err_msg("CallerSensitive annotation expected at frame %d", n));

       }

       break;

     default:

       if (!m->is_ignored_by_security_stack_walk()) {

         // We have reached the desired frame; return the holder class.

         return (jclass) JNIHandles::make_local(env, m->method_holder()->java_mirror());

       }

       break;

     }

   }

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_FindPrimitiveClass(JNIEnv* env, const char* utf))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_FindPrimitiveClass");

   oop mirror = NULL;

   BasicType t = name2type(utf);

   if (t != T_ILLEGAL && t != T_OBJECT && t != T_ARRAY) {

     mirror = Universe::java_mirror(t);

   }

   if (mirror == NULL) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassNotFoundException(), (char*) utf);

   } else {

     return (jclass) JNIHandles::make_local(env, mirror);

   }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_ResolveClass(JNIEnv* env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ResolveClass");

   if (PrintJVMWarnings) warning("JVM_ResolveClass not implemented");

 JVM_END

 // Returns a class loaded by the bootstrap class loader; or null

 // if not found.  ClassNotFoundException is not thrown.

 //

 // Rationale behind JVM_FindClassFromBootLoader

 // a> JVM_FindClassFromClassLoader was never exported in the export tables.

 // b> because of (a) java.dll has a direct dependecy on the  unexported

 //    private symbol "_JVM_FindClassFromClassLoader@20".

 // c> the launcher cannot use the private symbol as it dynamically opens

 //    the entry point, so if something changes, the launcher will fail

 //    unexpectedly at runtime, it is safest for the launcher to dlopen a

 //    stable exported interface.

 // d> re-exporting JVM_FindClassFromClassLoader as public, will cause its

 //    signature to change from _JVM_FindClassFromClassLoader@20 to

 //    JVM_FindClassFromClassLoader and will not be backward compatible

 //    with older JDKs.

 // Thus a public/stable exported entry point is the right solution,

 // public here means public in linker semantics, and is exported only

 // to the JDK, and is not intended to be a public API.

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_FindClassFromBootLoader(JNIEnv* env,

                                               const char* name))

   JVMWrapper2("JVM_FindClassFromBootLoader %s", name);

   // Java libraries should ensure that name is never null...

   if (name == NULL || (int)strlen(name) > Symbol::max_length()) {

     // It's impossible to create this class;  the name cannot fit

     // into the constant pool.

     return NULL;

   }

   TempNewSymbol h_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(name, CHECK_NULL);

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(h_name, CHECK_NULL);

   if (k == NULL) {

     return NULL;

   }

   if (TraceClassResolution) {

     trace_class_resolution(k);

   }

   return (jclass) JNIHandles::make_local(env, k->java_mirror());

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_FindClassFromClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, const char* name,

                                                jboolean init, jobject loader,

                                                jboolean throwError))

   JVMWrapper3("JVM_FindClassFromClassLoader %s throw %s", name,

                throwError ? "error" : "exception");

   // Java libraries should ensure that name is never null...

   if (name == NULL || (int)strlen(name) > Symbol::max_length()) {

     // It's impossible to create this class;  the name cannot fit

     // into the constant pool.

     if (throwError) {

       THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError(), name);

     } else {

       THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassNotFoundException(), name);

     }

   }

   TempNewSymbol h_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(name, CHECK_NULL);

   Handle h_loader(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(loader));

   jclass result = find_class_from_class_loader(env, h_name, init, h_loader,

                                                Handle(), throwError, THREAD);

   if (TraceClassResolution && result != NULL) {

     trace_class_resolution(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(result)));

   }

   return result;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_FindClassFromClass(JNIEnv *env, const char *name,

                                          jboolean init, jclass from))

   JVMWrapper2("JVM_FindClassFromClass %s", name);

   if (name == NULL || (int)strlen(name) > Symbol::max_length()) {

     // It's impossible to create this class;  the name cannot fit

     // into the constant pool.

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError(), name);

   }

   TempNewSymbol h_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(name, CHECK_NULL);

   oop from_class_oop = JNIHandles::resolve(from);

   Klass* from_class = (from_class_oop == NULL)

                            ? (Klass*)NULL

                            : java_lang_Class::as_Klass(from_class_oop);

   oop class_loader = NULL;

   oop protection_domain = NULL;

   if (from_class != NULL) {

     class_loader = from_class->class_loader();

     protection_domain = from_class->protection_domain();

   }

   Handle h_loader(THREAD, class_loader);

   Handle h_prot  (THREAD, protection_domain);

   jclass result = find_class_from_class_loader(env, h_name, init, h_loader,

                                                h_prot, true, thread);

   if (TraceClassResolution && result != NULL) {

     // this function is generally only used for class loading during verification.

     ResourceMark rm;

     oop from_mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(from);

     Klass* from_class = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(from_mirror);

     const char * from_name = from_class->external_name();

     oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(result);

     Klass* to_class = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);

     const char * to = to_class->external_name();

     tty->print("RESOLVE %s %s (verification)\n", from_name, to);

   }

   return result;

 JVM_END

 static void is_lock_held_by_thread(Handle loader, PerfCounter* counter, TRAPS) {

   if (loader.is_null()) {

     return;

   }

   // check whether the current caller thread holds the lock or not.

   // If not, increment the corresponding counter

   if (ObjectSynchronizer::query_lock_ownership((JavaThread*)THREAD, loader) !=

       ObjectSynchronizer::owner_self) {

     counter->inc();

   }

 }

 // common code for JVM_DefineClass() and JVM_DefineClassWithSource()

 // and JVM_DefineClassWithSourceCond()

 static jclass jvm_define_class_common(JNIEnv *env, const char *name,

                                       jobject loader, const jbyte *buf,

                                       jsize len, jobject pd, const char *source,

                                       jboolean verify, TRAPS) {

   if (source == NULL)  source = "__JVM_DefineClass__";

   assert(THREAD->is_Java_thread(), "must be a JavaThread");

   JavaThread* jt = (JavaThread*) THREAD;

   PerfClassTraceTime vmtimer(ClassLoader::perf_define_appclass_time(),

                              ClassLoader::perf_define_appclass_selftime(),

                              ClassLoader::perf_define_appclasses(),

                              jt->get_thread_stat()->perf_recursion_counts_addr(),

                              jt->get_thread_stat()->perf_timers_addr(),

                              PerfClassTraceTime::DEFINE_CLASS);

   if (UsePerfData) {

     ClassLoader::perf_app_classfile_bytes_read()->inc(len);

   }

   // Since exceptions can be thrown, class initialization can take place

   // if name is NULL no check for class name in .class stream has to be made.

   TempNewSymbol class_name = NULL;

   if (name != NULL) {

     const int str_len = (int)strlen(name);

     if (str_len > Symbol::max_length()) {

       // It's impossible to create this class;  the name cannot fit

       // into the constant pool.

       THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError(), name);

     }

     class_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(name, str_len, CHECK_NULL);

   }

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   ClassFileStream st((u1*) buf, len, (char *)source);

   Handle class_loader (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(loader));

   if (UsePerfData) {

     is_lock_held_by_thread(class_loader,

                            ClassLoader::sync_JVMDefineClassLockFreeCounter(),

                            THREAD);

   }

   Handle protection_domain (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(pd));

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_from_stream(class_name, class_loader,

                                                      protection_domain, &st,

                                                      verify != 0,

                                                      CHECK_NULL);

   if (TraceClassResolution && k != NULL) {

     trace_class_resolution(k);

   }

   return (jclass) JNIHandles::make_local(env, k->java_mirror());

 }

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_DefineClass(JNIEnv *env, const char *name, jobject loader, const jbyte *buf, jsize len, jobject pd))

   JVMWrapper2("JVM_DefineClass %s", name);

   return jvm_define_class_common(env, name, loader, buf, len, pd, NULL, true, THREAD);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_DefineClassWithSource(JNIEnv *env, const char *name, jobject loader, const jbyte *buf, jsize len, jobject pd, const char *source))

   JVMWrapper2("JVM_DefineClassWithSource %s", name);

   return jvm_define_class_common(env, name, loader, buf, len, pd, source, true, THREAD);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_DefineClassWithSourceCond(JNIEnv *env, const char *name,

                                                 jobject loader, const jbyte *buf,

                                                 jsize len, jobject pd,

                                                 const char *source, jboolean verify))

   JVMWrapper2("JVM_DefineClassWithSourceCond %s", name);

   return jvm_define_class_common(env, name, loader, buf, len, pd, source, verify, THREAD);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_FindLoadedClass(JNIEnv *env, jobject loader, jstring name))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_FindLoadedClass");

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   Handle h_name (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(name));

   Handle string = java_lang_String::internalize_classname(h_name, CHECK_NULL);

   const char* str   = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(string());

   // Sanity check, don't expect null

   if (str == NULL) return NULL;

   const int str_len = (int)strlen(str);

   if (str_len > Symbol::max_length()) {

     // It's impossible to create this class;  the name cannot fit

     // into the constant pool.

     return NULL;

   }

   TempNewSymbol klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(str, str_len, CHECK_NULL);

   // Security Note:

   //   The Java level wrapper will perform the necessary security check allowing

   //   us to pass the NULL as the initiating class loader.

   Handle h_loader(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(loader));

   if (UsePerfData) {

     is_lock_held_by_thread(h_loader,

                            ClassLoader::sync_JVMFindLoadedClassLockFreeCounter(),

                            THREAD);

   }

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::find_instance_or_array_klass(klass_name,

                                                               h_loader,

                                                               Handle(),

                                                               CHECK_NULL);

 #if INCLUDE_CDS

   if (k == NULL) {

     // If the class is not already loaded, try to see if it's in the shared

     // archive for the current classloader (h_loader).

     instanceKlassHandle ik = SystemDictionaryShared::find_or_load_shared_class(

         klass_name, h_loader, CHECK_NULL);

     k = ik();

   }

 #endif

   return (k == NULL) ? NULL :

             (jclass) JNIHandles::make_local(env, k->java_mirror());

 JVM_END

 // Reflection support //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_ENTRY(jstring, JVM_GetClassName(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   assert (cls != NULL, "illegal class");

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassName");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   const char* name;

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve(cls))) {

     name = type2name(java_lang_Class::primitive_type(JNIHandles::resolve(cls)));

   } else {

     // Consider caching interned string in Klass

     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve(cls));

     assert(k->is_klass(), "just checking");

     name = k->external_name();

   }

   oop result = StringTable::intern((char*) name, CHECK_NULL);

   return (jstring) JNIHandles::make_local(env, result);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jobjectArray, JVM_GetClassInterfaces(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassInterfaces");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls);

   // Special handling for primitive objects

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(mirror)) {

     // Primitive objects does not have any interfaces

     objArrayOop r = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_NULL);

     return (jobjectArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, r);

   }

   KlassHandle klass(thread, java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror));

   // Figure size of result array

   int size;

   if (klass->oop_is_instance()) {

     size = InstanceKlass::cast(klass())->local_interfaces()->length();

   } else {

     assert(klass->oop_is_objArray() || klass->oop_is_typeArray(), "Illegal mirror klass");

     size = 2;

   }

   // Allocate result array

   objArrayOop r = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), size, CHECK_NULL);

   objArrayHandle result (THREAD, r);

   // Fill in result

   if (klass->oop_is_instance()) {

     // Regular instance klass, fill in all local interfaces

     for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) {

       Klass* k = InstanceKlass::cast(klass())->local_interfaces()->at(index);

       result->obj_at_put(index, k->java_mirror());

     }

   } else {

     // All arrays implement java.lang.Cloneable and java.io.Serializable

     result->obj_at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass()->java_mirror());

     result->obj_at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass()->java_mirror());

   }

   return (jobjectArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, result());

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_GetClassLoader(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassLoader");

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls))) {

     return NULL;

   }

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   oop loader = k->class_loader();

   return JNIHandles::make_local(env, loader);

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jboolean, JVM_IsInterface(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_IsInterface");

   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls);

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(mirror)) {

     return JNI_FALSE;

   }

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);

   jboolean result = k->is_interface();

   assert(!result || k->oop_is_instance(),

          "all interfaces are instance types");

   // The compiler intrinsic for isInterface tests the

   // Klass::_access_flags bits in the same way.

   return result;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jobjectArray, JVM_GetClassSigners(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassSigners");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls))) {

     // There are no signers for primitive types

     return NULL;

   }

   objArrayOop signers = java_lang_Class::signers(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   // If there are no signers set in the class, or if the class

   // is an array, return NULL.

   if (signers == NULL) return NULL;

   // copy of the signers array

   Klass* element = ObjArrayKlass::cast(signers->klass())->element_klass();

   objArrayOop signers_copy = oopFactory::new_objArray(element, signers->length(), CHECK_NULL);

   for (int index = 0; index < signers->length(); index++) {

     signers_copy->obj_at_put(index, signers->obj_at(index));

   }

   // return the copy

   return (jobjectArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, signers_copy);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_SetClassSigners(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jobjectArray signers))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_SetClassSigners");

   if (!java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls))) {

     // This call is ignored for primitive types and arrays.

     // Signers are only set once, ClassLoader.java, and thus shouldn't

     // be called with an array.  Only the bootstrap loader creates arrays.

     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

     if (k->oop_is_instance()) {

       java_lang_Class::set_signers(k->java_mirror(), objArrayOop(JNIHandles::resolve(signers)));

     }

   }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_GetProtectionDomain(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetProtectionDomain");

   if (JNIHandles::resolve(cls) == NULL) {

     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), NULL);

   }

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve(cls))) {

     // Primitive types does not have a protection domain.

     return NULL;

   }

   oop pd = java_lang_Class::protection_domain(JNIHandles::resolve(cls));

   return (jobject) JNIHandles::make_local(env, pd);

 JVM_END

 static bool is_authorized(Handle context, instanceKlassHandle klass, TRAPS) {

   // If there is a security manager and protection domain, check the access

   // in the protection domain, otherwise it is authorized.

   if (java_lang_System::has_security_manager()) {

     // For bootstrapping, if pd implies method isn't in the JDK, allow

     // this context to revert to older behavior.

     // In this case the isAuthorized field in AccessControlContext is also not

     // present.

     if (Universe::protection_domain_implies_method() == NULL) {

       return true;

     }

     // Whitelist certain access control contexts

     if (java_security_AccessControlContext::is_authorized(context)) {

       return true;

     }

     oop prot = klass->protection_domain();

     if (prot != NULL) {

       // Call pd.implies(new SecurityPermission("createAccessControlContext"))

       // in the new wrapper.

       methodHandle m(THREAD, Universe::protection_domain_implies_method());

       Handle h_prot(THREAD, prot);

       JavaValue result(T_BOOLEAN);

       JavaCallArguments args(h_prot);

       JavaCalls::call(&result, m, &args, CHECK_false);

       return (result.get_jboolean() != 0);

     }

   }

   return true;

 }

 // Create an AccessControlContext with a protection domain with null codesource

 // and null permissions - which gives no permissions.

 oop create_dummy_access_control_context(TRAPS) {

   InstanceKlass* pd_klass = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass());

   // new ProtectionDomain(null,null);

   oop null_protection_domain = pd_klass->allocate_instance(CHECK_NULL);

   Handle null_pd(THREAD, null_protection_domain);

   // new ProtectionDomain[] {pd};

   objArrayOop context = oopFactory::new_objArray(pd_klass, 1, CHECK_NULL);

   context->obj_at_put(0, null_pd());

   // new AccessControlContext(new ProtectionDomain[] {pd})

   objArrayHandle h_context(THREAD, context);

   oop result = java_security_AccessControlContext::create(h_context, false, Handle(), CHECK_NULL);

   return result;

 }

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_DoPrivileged(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jobject action, jobject context, jboolean wrapException))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_DoPrivileged");

   if (action == NULL) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), "Null action");

   }

   // Compute the frame initiating the do privileged operation and setup the privileged stack

   vframeStream vfst(thread);

   vfst.security_get_caller_frame(1);

   if (vfst.at_end()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "no caller?");

   }

   Method* method        = vfst.method();

   instanceKlassHandle klass (THREAD, method->method_holder());

   // Check that action object understands "Object run()"

   Handle h_context;

   if (context != NULL) {

     h_context = Handle(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(context));

     bool authorized = is_authorized(h_context, klass, CHECK_NULL);

     if (!authorized) {

       // Create an unprivileged access control object and call it's run function

       // instead.

       oop noprivs = create_dummy_access_control_context(CHECK_NULL);

       h_context = Handle(THREAD, noprivs);

     }

   }

   // Check that action object understands "Object run()"

   Handle object (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(action));

   // get run() method

   Method* m_oop = object->klass()->uncached_lookup_method(

                                            vmSymbols::run_method_name(),

                                            vmSymbols::void_object_signature(),

                                            Klass::normal);

   methodHandle m (THREAD, m_oop);

   if (m.is_null() || !m->is_method() || !m()->is_public() || m()->is_static()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "No run method");

   }

   // Stack allocated list of privileged stack elements

   PrivilegedElement pi;

   if (!vfst.at_end()) {

     pi.initialize(&vfst, h_context(), thread->privileged_stack_top(), CHECK_NULL);

     thread->set_privileged_stack_top(&pi);

   }

   // invoke the Object run() in the action object. We cannot use call_interface here, since the static type

   // is not really known - it is either java.security.PrivilegedAction or java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction

   Handle pending_exception;

   JavaValue result(T_OBJECT);

   JavaCallArguments args(object);

   JavaCalls::call(&result, m, &args, THREAD);

   // done with action, remove ourselves from the list

   if (!vfst.at_end()) {

     assert(thread->privileged_stack_top() != NULL && thread->privileged_stack_top() == &pi, "wrong top element");

     thread->set_privileged_stack_top(thread->privileged_stack_top()->next());

   }

   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {

     pending_exception = Handle(THREAD, PENDING_EXCEPTION);

     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;

     if ( pending_exception->is_a(SystemDictionary::Exception_klass()) &&

         !pending_exception->is_a(SystemDictionary::RuntimeException_klass())) {

       // Throw a java.security.PrivilegedActionException(Exception e) exception

       JavaCallArguments args(pending_exception);

       THROW_ARG_0(vmSymbols::java_security_PrivilegedActionException(),

                   vmSymbols::exception_void_signature(),

                   &args);

     }

   }

   if (pending_exception.not_null()) THROW_OOP_0(pending_exception());

   return JNIHandles::make_local(env, (oop) result.get_jobject());

 JVM_END

 // Returns the inherited_access_control_context field of the running thread.

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_GetInheritedAccessControlContext(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetInheritedAccessControlContext");

   oop result = java_lang_Thread::inherited_access_control_context(thread->threadObj());

   return JNIHandles::make_local(env, result);

 JVM_END

 class RegisterArrayForGC {

  private:

   JavaThread *_thread;

  public:

   RegisterArrayForGC(JavaThread *thread, GrowableArray<oop>* array)  {

     _thread = thread;

     _thread->register_array_for_gc(array);

   }

   ~RegisterArrayForGC() {

     _thread->register_array_for_gc(NULL);

   }

 };

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_GetStackAccessControlContext(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetStackAccessControlContext");

   if (!UsePrivilegedStack) return NULL;

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   GrowableArray<oop>* local_array = new GrowableArray<oop>(12);

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   // count the protection domains on the execution stack. We collapse

   // duplicate consecutive protection domains into a single one, as

   // well as stopping when we hit a privileged frame.

   // Use vframeStream to iterate through Java frames

   vframeStream vfst(thread);

   oop previous_protection_domain = NULL;

   Handle privileged_context(thread, NULL);

   bool is_privileged = false;

   oop protection_domain = NULL;

   for(; !vfst.at_end(); vfst.next()) {

     // get method of frame

     Method* method = vfst.method();

     intptr_t* frame_id   = vfst.frame_id();

     // check the privileged frames to see if we have a match

     if (thread->privileged_stack_top() && thread->privileged_stack_top()->frame_id() == frame_id) {

       // this frame is privileged

       is_privileged = true;

       privileged_context = Handle(thread, thread->privileged_stack_top()->privileged_context());

       protection_domain  = thread->privileged_stack_top()->protection_domain();

     } else {

       protection_domain = method->method_holder()->protection_domain();

     }

     if ((previous_protection_domain != protection_domain) && (protection_domain != NULL)) {

       local_array->push(protection_domain);

       previous_protection_domain = protection_domain;

     }

     if (is_privileged) break;

   }

   // either all the domains on the stack were system domains, or

   // we had a privileged system domain

   if (local_array->is_empty()) {

     if (is_privileged && privileged_context.is_null()) return NULL;

     oop result = java_security_AccessControlContext::create(objArrayHandle(), is_privileged, privileged_context, CHECK_NULL);

     return JNIHandles::make_local(env, result);

   }

   // the resource area must be registered in case of a gc

   RegisterArrayForGC ragc(thread, local_array);

   objArrayOop context = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(),

                                                  local_array->length(), CHECK_NULL);

   objArrayHandle h_context(thread, context);

   for (int index = 0; index < local_array->length(); index++) {

     h_context->obj_at_put(index, local_array->at(index));

   }

   oop result = java_security_AccessControlContext::create(h_context, is_privileged, privileged_context, CHECK_NULL);

   return JNIHandles::make_local(env, result);

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jboolean, JVM_IsArrayClass(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_IsArrayClass");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   return (k != NULL) && k->oop_is_array() ? true : false;

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jboolean, JVM_IsPrimitiveClass(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_IsPrimitiveClass");

   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls);

   return (jboolean) java_lang_Class::is_primitive(mirror);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_GetComponentType(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetComponentType");

   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls);

   oop result = Reflection::array_component_type(mirror, CHECK_NULL);

   return (jclass) JNIHandles::make_local(env, result);

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetClassModifiers(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassModifiers");

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls))) {

     // Primitive type

     return JVM_ACC_ABSTRACT | JVM_ACC_FINAL | JVM_ACC_PUBLIC;

   }

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   debug_only(int computed_modifiers = k->compute_modifier_flags(CHECK_0));

   assert(k->modifier_flags() == computed_modifiers, "modifiers cache is OK");

   return k->modifier_flags();

 JVM_END

 // Inner class reflection ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_ENTRY(jobjectArray, JVM_GetDeclaredClasses(JNIEnv *env, jclass ofClass))

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   // ofClass is a reference to a java_lang_Class object. The mirror object

   // of an InstanceKlass

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass)) ||

       ! java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass))->oop_is_instance()) {

     oop result = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_NULL);

     return (jobjectArray)JNIHandles::make_local(env, result);

   }

   instanceKlassHandle k(thread, java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass)));

   InnerClassesIterator iter(k);

   if (iter.length() == 0) {

     // Neither an inner nor outer class

     oop result = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_NULL);

     return (jobjectArray)JNIHandles::make_local(env, result);

   }

   // find inner class info

   constantPoolHandle cp(thread, k->constants());

   int length = iter.length();

   // Allocate temp. result array

   objArrayOop r = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), length/4, CHECK_NULL);

   objArrayHandle result (THREAD, r);

   int members = 0;

   for (; !iter.done(); iter.next()) {

     int ioff = iter.inner_class_info_index();

     int ooff = iter.outer_class_info_index();

     if (ioff != 0 && ooff != 0) {

       // Check to see if the name matches the class we're looking for

       // before attempting to find the class.

       if (cp->klass_name_at_matches(k, ooff)) {

         Klass* outer_klass = cp->klass_at(ooff, CHECK_NULL);

         if (outer_klass == k()) {

            Klass* ik = cp->klass_at(ioff, CHECK_NULL);

            instanceKlassHandle inner_klass (THREAD, ik);

            // Throws an exception if outer klass has not declared k as

            // an inner klass

            Reflection::check_for_inner_class(k, inner_klass, true, CHECK_NULL);

            result->obj_at_put(members, inner_klass->java_mirror());

            members++;

         }

       }

     }

   }

   if (members != length) {

     // Return array of right length

     objArrayOop res = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), members, CHECK_NULL);

     for(int i = 0; i < members; i++) {

       res->obj_at_put(i, result->obj_at(i));

     }

     return (jobjectArray)JNIHandles::make_local(env, res);

   }

   return (jobjectArray)JNIHandles::make_local(env, result());

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_GetDeclaringClass(JNIEnv *env, jclass ofClass))

 {

   // ofClass is a reference to a java_lang_Class object.

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass)) ||

       ! java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass))->oop_is_instance()) {

     return NULL;

   }

   bool inner_is_member = false;

   Klass* outer_klass

     = InstanceKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass))

                           )->compute_enclosing_class(&inner_is_member, CHECK_NULL);

   if (outer_klass == NULL)  return NULL;  // already a top-level class

   if (!inner_is_member)  return NULL;     // an anonymous class (inside a method)

   return (jclass) JNIHandles::make_local(env, outer_klass->java_mirror());

 }

 JVM_END

 // should be in InstanceKlass.cpp, but is here for historical reasons

 Klass* InstanceKlass::compute_enclosing_class_impl(instanceKlassHandle k,

                                                      bool* inner_is_member,

                                                      TRAPS) {

   Thread* thread = THREAD;

   InnerClassesIterator iter(k);

   if (iter.length() == 0) {

     // No inner class info => no declaring class

     return NULL;

   }

   constantPoolHandle i_cp(thread, k->constants());

   bool found = false;

   Klass* ok;

   instanceKlassHandle outer_klass;

   *inner_is_member = false;

   // Find inner_klass attribute

   for (; !iter.done() && !found; iter.next()) {

     int ioff = iter.inner_class_info_index();

     int ooff = iter.outer_class_info_index();

     int noff = iter.inner_name_index();

     if (ioff != 0) {

       // Check to see if the name matches the class we're looking for

       // before attempting to find the class.

       if (i_cp->klass_name_at_matches(k, ioff)) {

         Klass* inner_klass = i_cp->klass_at(ioff, CHECK_NULL);

         found = (k() == inner_klass);

         if (found && ooff != 0) {

           ok = i_cp->klass_at(ooff, CHECK_NULL);

           outer_klass = instanceKlassHandle(thread, ok);

           *inner_is_member = true;

         }

       }

     }

   }

   if (found && outer_klass.is_null()) {

     // It may be anonymous; try for that.

     int encl_method_class_idx = k->enclosing_method_class_index();

     if (encl_method_class_idx != 0) {

       ok = i_cp->klass_at(encl_method_class_idx, CHECK_NULL);

       outer_klass = instanceKlassHandle(thread, ok);

       *inner_is_member = false;

     }

   }

   // If no inner class attribute found for this class.

   if (outer_klass.is_null())  return NULL;

   // Throws an exception if outer klass has not declared k as an inner klass

   // We need evidence that each klass knows about the other, or else

   // the system could allow a spoof of an inner class to gain access rights.

   Reflection::check_for_inner_class(outer_klass, k, *inner_is_member, CHECK_NULL);

   return outer_klass();

 }

 JVM_ENTRY(jstring, JVM_GetClassSignature(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   assert (cls != NULL, "illegal class");

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassSignature");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   // Return null for arrays and primatives

   if (!java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve(cls))) {

     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve(cls));

     if (k->oop_is_instance()) {

       Symbol* sym = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->generic_signature();

       if (sym == NULL) return NULL;

       Handle str = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(sym, CHECK_NULL);

       return (jstring) JNIHandles::make_local(env, str());

     }

   }

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jbyteArray, JVM_GetClassAnnotations(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   assert (cls != NULL, "illegal class");

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassAnnotations");

   // Return null for arrays and primitives

   if (!java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve(cls))) {

     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve(cls));

     if (k->oop_is_instance()) {

       typeArrayOop a = Annotations::make_java_array(InstanceKlass::cast(k)->class_annotations(), CHECK_NULL);

       return (jbyteArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, a);

     }

   }

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 static bool jvm_get_field_common(jobject field, fieldDescriptor& fd, TRAPS) {

   // some of this code was adapted from from jni_FromReflectedField

   oop reflected = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(field);

   oop mirror    = java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(reflected);

   Klass* k    = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);

   int slot      = java_lang_reflect_Field::slot(reflected);

   int modifiers = java_lang_reflect_Field::modifiers(reflected);

   KlassHandle kh(THREAD, k);

   intptr_t offset = InstanceKlass::cast(kh())->field_offset(slot);

   if (modifiers & JVM_ACC_STATIC) {

     // for static fields we only look in the current class

     if (!InstanceKlass::cast(kh())->find_local_field_from_offset(offset, true, &fd)) {

       assert(false, "cannot find static field");

       return false;

     }

   } else {

     // for instance fields we start with the current class and work

     // our way up through the superclass chain

     if (!InstanceKlass::cast(kh())->find_field_from_offset(offset, false, &fd)) {

       assert(false, "cannot find instance field");

       return false;

     }

   }

   return true;

 }

 JVM_ENTRY(jbyteArray, JVM_GetFieldAnnotations(JNIEnv *env, jobject field))

   // field is a handle to a java.lang.reflect.Field object

   assert(field != NULL, "illegal field");

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetFieldAnnotations");

   fieldDescriptor fd;

   bool gotFd = jvm_get_field_common(field, fd, CHECK_NULL);

   if (!gotFd) {

     return NULL;

   }

   return (jbyteArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, Annotations::make_java_array(fd.annotations(), THREAD));

 JVM_END

 static Method* jvm_get_method_common(jobject method) {

   // some of this code was adapted from from jni_FromReflectedMethod

   oop reflected = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(method);

   oop mirror    = NULL;

   int slot      = 0;

   if (reflected->klass() == SystemDictionary::reflect_Constructor_klass()) {

     mirror = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::clazz(reflected);

     slot   = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::slot(reflected);

   } else {

     assert(reflected->klass() == SystemDictionary::reflect_Method_klass(),

            "wrong type");

     mirror = java_lang_reflect_Method::clazz(reflected);

     slot   = java_lang_reflect_Method::slot(reflected);

   }

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);

   Method* m = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->method_with_idnum(slot);

   assert(m != NULL, "cannot find method");

   return m;  // caller has to deal with NULL in product mode

 }

 JVM_ENTRY(jbyteArray, JVM_GetMethodAnnotations(JNIEnv *env, jobject method))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodAnnotations");

   // method is a handle to a java.lang.reflect.Method object

   Method* m = jvm_get_method_common(method);

   if (m == NULL) {

     return NULL;

   }

   return (jbyteArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env,

     Annotations::make_java_array(m->annotations(), THREAD));

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jbyteArray, JVM_GetMethodDefaultAnnotationValue(JNIEnv *env, jobject method))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodDefaultAnnotationValue");

   // method is a handle to a java.lang.reflect.Method object

   Method* m = jvm_get_method_common(method);

   if (m == NULL) {

     return NULL;

   }

   return (jbyteArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env,

     Annotations::make_java_array(m->annotation_default(), THREAD));

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jbyteArray, JVM_GetMethodParameterAnnotations(JNIEnv *env, jobject method))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodParameterAnnotations");

   // method is a handle to a java.lang.reflect.Method object

   Method* m = jvm_get_method_common(method);

   if (m == NULL) {

     return NULL;

   }

   return (jbyteArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env,

     Annotations::make_java_array(m->parameter_annotations(), THREAD));

 JVM_END

 /* Type use annotations support (JDK 1.8) */

 JVM_ENTRY(jbyteArray, JVM_GetClassTypeAnnotations(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   assert (cls != NULL, "illegal class");

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassTypeAnnotations");

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   // Return null for arrays and primitives

   if (!java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve(cls))) {

     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve(cls));

     if (k->oop_is_instance()) {

       AnnotationArray* type_annotations = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->class_type_annotations();

       if (type_annotations != NULL) {

         typeArrayOop a = Annotations::make_java_array(type_annotations, CHECK_NULL);

         return (jbyteArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, a);

       }

     }

   }

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jbyteArray, JVM_GetMethodTypeAnnotations(JNIEnv *env, jobject method))

   assert (method != NULL, "illegal method");

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodTypeAnnotations");

   // method is a handle to a java.lang.reflect.Method object

   Method* m = jvm_get_method_common(method);

   if (m == NULL) {

     return NULL;

   }

   AnnotationArray* type_annotations = m->type_annotations();

   if (type_annotations != NULL) {

     typeArrayOop a = Annotations::make_java_array(type_annotations, CHECK_NULL);

     return (jbyteArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, a);

   }

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jbyteArray, JVM_GetFieldTypeAnnotations(JNIEnv *env, jobject field))

   assert (field != NULL, "illegal field");

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetFieldTypeAnnotations");

   fieldDescriptor fd;

   bool gotFd = jvm_get_field_common(field, fd, CHECK_NULL);

   if (!gotFd) {

     return NULL;

   }

   return (jbyteArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, Annotations::make_java_array(fd.type_annotations(), THREAD));

 JVM_END

 static void bounds_check(constantPoolHandle cp, jint index, TRAPS) {

   if (!cp->is_within_bounds(index)) {

     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Constant pool index out of bounds");

   }

 }

 JVM_ENTRY(jobjectArray, JVM_GetMethodParameters(JNIEnv *env, jobject method))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodParameters");

   // method is a handle to a java.lang.reflect.Method object

   Method* method_ptr = jvm_get_method_common(method);

   methodHandle mh (THREAD, method_ptr);

   Handle reflected_method (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(method));

   const int num_params = mh->method_parameters_length();

   if (0 != num_params) {

     // make sure all the symbols are properly formatted

     for (int i = 0; i < num_params; i++) {

       MethodParametersElement* params = mh->method_parameters_start();

       int index = params[i].name_cp_index;

       bounds_check(mh->constants(), index, CHECK_NULL);

       if (0 != index && !mh->constants()->tag_at(index).is_utf8()) {

         THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(),

                     "Wrong type at constant pool index");

       }

     }

     objArrayOop result_oop = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::reflect_Parameter_klass(), num_params, CHECK_NULL);

     objArrayHandle result (THREAD, result_oop);

     for (int i = 0; i < num_params; i++) {

       MethodParametersElement* params = mh->method_parameters_start();

       // For a 0 index, give a NULL symbol

       Symbol* sym = 0 != params[i].name_cp_index ?

         mh->constants()->symbol_at(params[i].name_cp_index) : NULL;

       int flags = params[i].flags;

       oop param = Reflection::new_parameter(reflected_method, i, sym,

                                             flags, CHECK_NULL);

       result->obj_at_put(i, param);

     }

     return (jobjectArray)JNIHandles::make_local(env, result());

   } else {

     return (jobjectArray)NULL;

   }

 }

 JVM_END

 // New (JDK 1.4) reflection implementation /////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_ENTRY(jobjectArray, JVM_GetClassDeclaredFields(JNIEnv *env, jclass ofClass, jboolean publicOnly))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassDeclaredFields");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   // Exclude primitive types and array types

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass)) ||

       java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass))->oop_is_array()) {

     // Return empty array

     oop res = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::reflect_Field_klass(), 0, CHECK_NULL);

     return (jobjectArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, res);

   }

   instanceKlassHandle k(THREAD, java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass)));

   constantPoolHandle cp(THREAD, k->constants());

   // Ensure class is linked

   k->link_class(CHECK_NULL);

   // 4496456 We need to filter out java.lang.Throwable.backtrace

   bool skip_backtrace = false;

   // Allocate result

   int num_fields;

   if (publicOnly) {

     num_fields = 0;

     for (JavaFieldStream fs(k()); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {

       if (fs.access_flags().is_public()) ++num_fields;

     }

   } else {

     num_fields = k->java_fields_count();

     if (k() == SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass()) {

       num_fields--;

       skip_backtrace = true;

     }

   }

   objArrayOop r = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::reflect_Field_klass(), num_fields, CHECK_NULL);

   objArrayHandle result (THREAD, r);

   int out_idx = 0;

   fieldDescriptor fd;

   for (JavaFieldStream fs(k); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {

     if (skip_backtrace) {

       // 4496456 skip java.lang.Throwable.backtrace

       int offset = fs.offset();

       if (offset == java_lang_Throwable::get_backtrace_offset()) continue;

     }

     if (!publicOnly || fs.access_flags().is_public()) {

       fd.reinitialize(k(), fs.index());

       oop field = Reflection::new_field(&fd, UseNewReflection, CHECK_NULL);

       result->obj_at_put(out_idx, field);

       ++out_idx;

     }

   }

   assert(out_idx == num_fields, "just checking");

   return (jobjectArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, result());

 }

 JVM_END

 static bool select_method(methodHandle method, bool want_constructor) {

   if (want_constructor) {

     return (method->is_initializer() && !method->is_static());

   } else {

     return  (!method->is_initializer() && !method->is_overpass());

   }

 }

 static jobjectArray get_class_declared_methods_helper(

                                   JNIEnv *env,

                                   jclass ofClass, jboolean publicOnly,

                                   bool want_constructor,

                                   Klass* klass, TRAPS) {

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   // Exclude primitive types and array types

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass))

       || java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass))->oop_is_array()) {

     // Return empty array

     oop res = oopFactory::new_objArray(klass, 0, CHECK_NULL);

     return (jobjectArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, res);

   }

   instanceKlassHandle k(THREAD, java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(ofClass)));

   // Ensure class is linked

   k->link_class(CHECK_NULL);

   Array<Method*>* methods = k->methods();

   int methods_length = methods->length();

   // Save original method_idnum in case of redefinition, which can change

   // the idnum of obsolete methods.  The new method will have the same idnum

   // but if we refresh the methods array, the counts will be wrong.

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   GrowableArray<int>* idnums = new GrowableArray<int>(methods_length);

   int num_methods = 0;

   for (int i = 0; i < methods_length; i++) {

     methodHandle method(THREAD, methods->at(i));

     if (select_method(method, want_constructor)) {

       if (!publicOnly || method->is_public()) {

         idnums->push(method->method_idnum());

         ++num_methods;

       }

     }

   }

   // Allocate result

   objArrayOop r = oopFactory::new_objArray(klass, num_methods, CHECK_NULL);

   objArrayHandle result (THREAD, r);

   // Now just put the methods that we selected above, but go by their idnum

   // in case of redefinition.  The methods can be redefined at any safepoint,

   // so above when allocating the oop array and below when creating reflect

   // objects.

   for (int i = 0; i < num_methods; i++) {

     methodHandle method(THREAD, k->method_with_idnum(idnums->at(i)));

     if (method.is_null()) {

       // Method may have been deleted and seems this API can handle null

       // Otherwise should probably put a method that throws NSME

       result->obj_at_put(i, NULL);

     } else {

       oop m;

       if (want_constructor) {

         m = Reflection::new_constructor(method, CHECK_NULL);

       } else {

         m = Reflection::new_method(method, UseNewReflection, false, CHECK_NULL);

       }

       result->obj_at_put(i, m);

     }

   }

   return (jobjectArray) JNIHandles::make_local(env, result());

 }

 JVM_ENTRY(jobjectArray, JVM_GetClassDeclaredMethods(JNIEnv *env, jclass ofClass, jboolean publicOnly))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassDeclaredMethods");

   return get_class_declared_methods_helper(env, ofClass, publicOnly,

                                            /*want_constructor*/ false,

                                            SystemDictionary::reflect_Method_klass(), THREAD);

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jobjectArray, JVM_GetClassDeclaredConstructors(JNIEnv *env, jclass ofClass, jboolean publicOnly))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassDeclaredConstructors");

   return get_class_declared_methods_helper(env, ofClass, publicOnly,

                                            /*want_constructor*/ true,

                                            SystemDictionary::reflect_Constructor_klass(), THREAD);

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetClassAccessFlags(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassAccessFlags");

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls))) {

     // Primitive type

     return JVM_ACC_ABSTRACT | JVM_ACC_FINAL | JVM_ACC_PUBLIC;

   }

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   return k->access_flags().as_int() & JVM_ACC_WRITTEN_FLAGS;

 }

 JVM_END

 // Constant pool access //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_GetClassConstantPool(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassConstantPool");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   // Return null for primitives and arrays

   if (!java_lang_Class::is_primitive(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls))) {

     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

     if (k->oop_is_instance()) {

       instanceKlassHandle k_h(THREAD, k);

       Handle jcp = sun_reflect_ConstantPool::create(CHECK_NULL);

       sun_reflect_ConstantPool::set_cp(jcp(), k_h->constants());

       return JNIHandles::make_local(jcp());

     }

   }

   return NULL;

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jint, JVM_ConstantPoolGetSize(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetSize");

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   return cp->length();

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_ConstantPoolGetClassAt(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetClassAt");

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_NULL);

   constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

   if (!tag.is_klass() && !tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Wrong type at constant pool index");

   }

   Klass* k = cp->klass_at(index, CHECK_NULL);

   return (jclass) JNIHandles::make_local(k->java_mirror());

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_ConstantPoolGetClassAtIfLoaded(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetClassAtIfLoaded");

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_NULL);

   constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

   if (!tag.is_klass() && !tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Wrong type at constant pool index");

   }

   Klass* k = ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(cp, index);

   if (k == NULL) return NULL;

   return (jclass) JNIHandles::make_local(k->java_mirror());

 }

 JVM_END

 static jobject get_method_at_helper(constantPoolHandle cp, jint index, bool force_resolution, TRAPS) {

   constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

   if (!tag.is_method() && !tag.is_interface_method()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Wrong type at constant pool index");

   }

   int klass_ref  = cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index);

   Klass* k_o;

   if (force_resolution) {

     k_o = cp->klass_at(klass_ref, CHECK_NULL);

   } else {

     k_o = ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(cp, klass_ref);

     if (k_o == NULL) return NULL;

   }

   instanceKlassHandle k(THREAD, k_o);

   Symbol* name = cp->uncached_name_ref_at(index);

   Symbol* sig  = cp->uncached_signature_ref_at(index);

   methodHandle m (THREAD, k->find_method(name, sig));

   if (m.is_null()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_RuntimeException(), "Unable to look up method in target class");

   }

   oop method;

   if (!m->is_initializer() || m->is_static()) {

     method = Reflection::new_method(m, true, true, CHECK_NULL);

   } else {

     method = Reflection::new_constructor(m, CHECK_NULL);

   }

   return JNIHandles::make_local(method);

 }

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_ConstantPoolGetMethodAt(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetMethodAt");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_NULL);

   jobject res = get_method_at_helper(cp, index, true, CHECK_NULL);

   return res;

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_ConstantPoolGetMethodAtIfLoaded(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetMethodAtIfLoaded");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_NULL);

   jobject res = get_method_at_helper(cp, index, false, CHECK_NULL);

   return res;

 }

 JVM_END

 static jobject get_field_at_helper(constantPoolHandle cp, jint index, bool force_resolution, TRAPS) {

   constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

   if (!tag.is_field()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Wrong type at constant pool index");

   }

   int klass_ref  = cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index);

   Klass* k_o;

   if (force_resolution) {

     k_o = cp->klass_at(klass_ref, CHECK_NULL);

   } else {

     k_o = ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(cp, klass_ref);

     if (k_o == NULL) return NULL;

   }

   instanceKlassHandle k(THREAD, k_o);

   Symbol* name = cp->uncached_name_ref_at(index);

   Symbol* sig  = cp->uncached_signature_ref_at(index);

   fieldDescriptor fd;

   Klass* target_klass = k->find_field(name, sig, &fd);

   if (target_klass == NULL) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_RuntimeException(), "Unable to look up field in target class");

   }

   oop field = Reflection::new_field(&fd, true, CHECK_NULL);

   return JNIHandles::make_local(field);

 }

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_ConstantPoolGetFieldAt(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unusedl, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetFieldAt");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_NULL);

   jobject res = get_field_at_helper(cp, index, true, CHECK_NULL);

   return res;

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_ConstantPoolGetFieldAtIfLoaded(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetFieldAtIfLoaded");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_NULL);

   jobject res = get_field_at_helper(cp, index, false, CHECK_NULL);

   return res;

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jobjectArray, JVM_ConstantPoolGetMemberRefInfoAt(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetMemberRefInfoAt");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_NULL);

   constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

   if (!tag.is_field_or_method()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Wrong type at constant pool index");

   }

   int klass_ref = cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index);

   Symbol*  klass_name  = cp->klass_name_at(klass_ref);

   Symbol*  member_name = cp->uncached_name_ref_at(index);

   Symbol*  member_sig  = cp->uncached_signature_ref_at(index);

   objArrayOop  dest_o = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::String_klass(), 3, CHECK_NULL);

   objArrayHandle dest(THREAD, dest_o);

   Handle str = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(klass_name, CHECK_NULL);

   dest->obj_at_put(0, str());

   str = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(member_name, CHECK_NULL);

   dest->obj_at_put(1, str());

   str = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(member_sig, CHECK_NULL);

   dest->obj_at_put(2, str());

   return (jobjectArray) JNIHandles::make_local(dest());

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jint, JVM_ConstantPoolGetIntAt(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetIntAt");

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_0);

   constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

   if (!tag.is_int()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Wrong type at constant pool index");

   }

   return cp->int_at(index);

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jlong, JVM_ConstantPoolGetLongAt(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetLongAt");

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_(0L));

   constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

   if (!tag.is_long()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Wrong type at constant pool index");

   }

   return cp->long_at(index);

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jfloat, JVM_ConstantPoolGetFloatAt(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetFloatAt");

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_(0.0f));

   constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

   if (!tag.is_float()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Wrong type at constant pool index");

   }

   return cp->float_at(index);

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jdouble, JVM_ConstantPoolGetDoubleAt(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetDoubleAt");

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_(0.0));

   constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

   if (!tag.is_double()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Wrong type at constant pool index");

   }

   return cp->double_at(index);

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jstring, JVM_ConstantPoolGetStringAt(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetStringAt");

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_NULL);

   constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

   if (!tag.is_string()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Wrong type at constant pool index");

   }

   oop str = cp->string_at(index, CHECK_NULL);

   return (jstring) JNIHandles::make_local(str);

 }

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jstring, JVM_ConstantPoolGetUTF8At(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobject unused, jint index))

 {

   JVMWrapper("JVM_ConstantPoolGetUTF8At");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   constantPoolHandle cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(obj)));

   bounds_check(cp, index, CHECK_NULL);

   constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

   if (!tag.is_symbol()) {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Wrong type at constant pool index");

   }

   Symbol* sym = cp->symbol_at(index);

   Handle str = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(sym, CHECK_NULL);

   return (jstring) JNIHandles::make_local(str());

 }

 JVM_END

 // Assertion support. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 JVM_ENTRY(jboolean, JVM_DesiredAssertionStatus(JNIEnv *env, jclass unused, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_DesiredAssertionStatus");

   assert(cls != NULL, "bad class");

   oop r = JNIHandles::resolve(cls);

   assert(! java_lang_Class::is_primitive(r), "primitive classes not allowed");

   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(r)) return false;

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(r);

   assert(k->oop_is_instance(), "must be an instance klass");

   if (! k->oop_is_instance()) return false;

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   const char* name = k->name()->as_C_string();

   bool system_class = k->class_loader() == NULL;

   return JavaAssertions::enabled(name, system_class);

 JVM_END

 // Return a new AssertionStatusDirectives object with the fields filled in with

 // command-line assertion arguments (i.e., -ea, -da).

 JVM_ENTRY(jobject, JVM_AssertionStatusDirectives(JNIEnv *env, jclass unused))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_AssertionStatusDirectives");

   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;

   oop asd = JavaAssertions::createAssertionStatusDirectives(CHECK_NULL);

   return JNIHandles::make_local(env, asd);

 JVM_END

 // Verification ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 // Reflection for the verifier /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 // RedefineClasses support: bug 6214132 caused verification to fail.

 // All functions from this section should call the jvmtiThreadSate function:

 //   Klass* class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(Klass* klass).

 // The function returns a Klass* of the _scratch_class if the verifier

 // was invoked in the middle of the class redefinition.

 // Otherwise it returns its argument value which is the _the_class Klass*.

 // Please, refer to the description in the jvmtiThreadSate.hpp.

 JVM_ENTRY(const char*, JVM_GetClassNameUTF(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassNameUTF");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   return k->name()->as_utf8();

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(void, JVM_GetClassCPTypes(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, unsigned char *types))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassCPTypes");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   // types will have length zero if this is not an InstanceKlass

   // (length is determined by call to JVM_GetClassCPEntriesCount)

   if (k->oop_is_instance()) {

     ConstantPool* cp = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants();

     for (int index = cp->length() - 1; index >= 0; index--) {

       constantTag tag = cp->tag_at(index);

       types[index] = (tag.is_unresolved_klass()) ? JVM_CONSTANT_Class : tag.value();

   }

   }

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetClassCPEntriesCount(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassCPEntriesCount");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   if (!k->oop_is_instance())

     return 0;

   return InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants()->length();

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetClassFieldsCount(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassFieldsCount");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   if (!k->oop_is_instance())

     return 0;

   return InstanceKlass::cast(k)->java_fields_count();

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetClassMethodsCount(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetClassMethodsCount");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   if (!k->oop_is_instance())

     return 0;

   return InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->length();

 JVM_END

 // The following methods, used for the verifier, are never called with

 // array klasses, so a direct cast to InstanceKlass is safe.

 // Typically, these methods are called in a loop with bounds determined

 // by the results of JVM_GetClass{Fields,Methods}Count, which return

 // zero for arrays.

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(void, JVM_GetMethodIxExceptionIndexes(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint method_index, unsigned short *exceptions))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxExceptionIndexes");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   int length = method->checked_exceptions_length();

   if (length > 0) {

     CheckedExceptionElement* table= method->checked_exceptions_start();

     for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {

       exceptions[i] = table[i].class_cp_index;

     }

   }

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetMethodIxExceptionsCount(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint method_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxExceptionsCount");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   return method->checked_exceptions_length();

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(void, JVM_GetMethodIxByteCode(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint method_index, unsigned char *code))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxByteCode");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   memcpy(code, method->code_base(), method->code_size());

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetMethodIxByteCodeLength(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint method_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxByteCodeLength");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   return method->code_size();

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(void, JVM_GetMethodIxExceptionTableEntry(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint method_index, jint entry_index, JVM_ExceptionTableEntryType *entry))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxExceptionTableEntry");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   ExceptionTable extable(method);

   entry->start_pc   = extable.start_pc(entry_index);

   entry->end_pc     = extable.end_pc(entry_index);

   entry->handler_pc = extable.handler_pc(entry_index);

   entry->catchType  = extable.catch_type_index(entry_index);

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetMethodIxExceptionTableLength(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, int method_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxExceptionTableLength");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   return method->exception_table_length();

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetMethodIxModifiers(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, int method_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxModifiers");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   return method->access_flags().as_int() & JVM_RECOGNIZED_METHOD_MODIFIERS;

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetFieldIxModifiers(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, int field_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetFieldIxModifiers");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   return InstanceKlass::cast(k)->field_access_flags(field_index) & JVM_RECOGNIZED_FIELD_MODIFIERS;

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetMethodIxLocalsCount(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, int method_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxLocalsCount");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   return method->max_locals();

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetMethodIxArgsSize(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, int method_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxArgsSize");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   return method->size_of_parameters();

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetMethodIxMaxStack(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, int method_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxMaxStack");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   return method->verifier_max_stack();

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jboolean, JVM_IsConstructorIx(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, int method_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_IsConstructorIx");

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   return method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name();

 JVM_END

 JVM_QUICK_ENTRY(jboolean, JVM_IsVMGeneratedMethodIx(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, int method_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_IsVMGeneratedMethodIx");

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   return method->is_overpass();

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(const char*, JVM_GetMethodIxNameUTF(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint method_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxIxUTF");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   return method->name()->as_utf8();

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(const char*, JVM_GetMethodIxSignatureUTF(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint method_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetMethodIxSignatureUTF");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods()->at(method_index);

   return method->signature()->as_utf8();

 JVM_END

 /**

  * All of these JVM_GetCP-xxx methods are used by the old verifier to

  * read entries in the constant pool.  Since the old verifier always

  * works on a copy of the code, it will not see any rewriting that

  * may possibly occur in the middle of verification.  So it is important

  * that nothing it calls tries to use the cpCache instead of the raw

  * constant pool, so we must use cp->uncached_x methods when appropriate.

  */

 JVM_ENTRY(const char*, JVM_GetCPFieldNameUTF(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint cp_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetCPFieldNameUTF");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   ConstantPool* cp = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants();

   switch (cp->tag_at(cp_index).value()) {

     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:

       return cp->uncached_name_ref_at(cp_index)->as_utf8();

     default:

       fatal("JVM_GetCPFieldNameUTF: illegal constant");

   }

   ShouldNotReachHere();

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(const char*, JVM_GetCPMethodNameUTF(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint cp_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetCPMethodNameUTF");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   ConstantPool* cp = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants();

   switch (cp->tag_at(cp_index).value()) {

     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:

     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:

     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:  // for invokedynamic

       return cp->uncached_name_ref_at(cp_index)->as_utf8();

     default:

       fatal("JVM_GetCPMethodNameUTF: illegal constant");

   }

   ShouldNotReachHere();

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(const char*, JVM_GetCPMethodSignatureUTF(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint cp_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetCPMethodSignatureUTF");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   ConstantPool* cp = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants();

   switch (cp->tag_at(cp_index).value()) {

     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:

     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:

     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:  // for invokedynamic

       return cp->uncached_signature_ref_at(cp_index)->as_utf8();

     default:

       fatal("JVM_GetCPMethodSignatureUTF: illegal constant");

   }

   ShouldNotReachHere();

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(const char*, JVM_GetCPFieldSignatureUTF(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint cp_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetCPFieldSignatureUTF");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   ConstantPool* cp = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants();

   switch (cp->tag_at(cp_index).value()) {

     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:

       return cp->uncached_signature_ref_at(cp_index)->as_utf8();

     default:

       fatal("JVM_GetCPFieldSignatureUTF: illegal constant");

   }

   ShouldNotReachHere();

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(const char*, JVM_GetCPClassNameUTF(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint cp_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetCPClassNameUTF");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   ConstantPool* cp = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants();

   Symbol* classname = cp->klass_name_at(cp_index);

   return classname->as_utf8();

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(const char*, JVM_GetCPFieldClassNameUTF(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint cp_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetCPFieldClassNameUTF");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   ConstantPool* cp = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants();

   switch (cp->tag_at(cp_index).value()) {

     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref: {

       int class_index = cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(cp_index);

       Symbol* classname = cp->klass_name_at(class_index);

       return classname->as_utf8();

     }

     default:

       fatal("JVM_GetCPFieldClassNameUTF: illegal constant");

   }

   ShouldNotReachHere();

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(const char*, JVM_GetCPMethodClassNameUTF(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jint cp_index))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetCPMethodClassNameUTF");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   k = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   ConstantPool* cp = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants();

   switch (cp->tag_at(cp_index).value()) {

     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:

     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {

       int class_index = cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(cp_index);

       Symbol* classname = cp->klass_name_at(class_index);

       return classname->as_utf8();

     }

     default:

       fatal("JVM_GetCPMethodClassNameUTF: illegal constant");

   }

   ShouldNotReachHere();

   return NULL;

 JVM_END

 JVM_ENTRY(jint, JVM_GetCPFieldModifiers(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, int cp_index, jclass called_cls))

   JVMWrapper("JVM_GetCPFieldModifiers");

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls));

   Klass* k_called = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(called_cls));

   k        = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k, thread);

   k_called = JvmtiThreadState::class_to_verify_considering_redefinition(k_called, thread);

   ConstantPool* cp = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants();

   ConstantPool* cp_called = InstanceKlass::cast(k_called)->constants();

   switch (cp->tag_at(cp_index).value()) {

     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref: {

       Symbol* name      = cp->uncached_name_ref_at(cp_index);

       Symbol* signature = cp->uncached_signature_ref_at(cp_index);

       for (JavaFieldStream fs(k_called); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {

         if (fs.name() == name && fs.signature() == signature) {

           return fs.access_flags().as_short() & JVM_RECOGNIZED_FIELD_MODIFIERS;

         }

       }

       return -1;

     }

     default:

       fatal("JVM_GetCPFieldModifiers: illegal constant");