src/share/vm/memory/universe.cpp

Thu, 21 Aug 2014 13:57:51 -0700

author
iklam
date
Thu, 21 Aug 2014 13:57:51 -0700
changeset 7089
6e0cb14ce59b
parent 6680
78bbf4d43a14
child 7164
fa6c442c59ee
permissions
-rw-r--r--

8046070: Class Data Sharing clean up and refactoring
Summary: Cleaned up CDS to be more configurable, maintainable and extensible
Reviewed-by: dholmes, coleenp, acorn, mchung

     1 /*
     2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
     3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
     4  *
     5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
     6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
     7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
     8  *
     9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
    10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
    11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
    12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
    13  * accompanied this code).
    14  *
    15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
    16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
    17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
    18  *
    19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
    20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
    21  * questions.
    22  *
    23  */
    25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
    26 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
    27 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
    28 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
    29 #if INCLUDE_CDS
    30 #include "classfile/sharedClassUtil.hpp"
    31 #endif
    32 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
    33 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
    34 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
    35 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
    36 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
    37 #include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
    38 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
    39 #include "memory/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"
    40 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"
    41 #include "memory/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
    42 #include "memory/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
    43 #include "memory/genRemSet.hpp"
    44 #include "memory/generation.hpp"
    45 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
    46 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
    47 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
    48 #include "memory/space.hpp"
    49 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
    50 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
    51 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
    52 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
    53 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
    54 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
    55 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
    56 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
    57 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
    58 #include "prims/jvmtiRedefineClassesTrace.hpp"
    59 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
    60 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
    61 #include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"
    62 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
    63 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
    64 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
    65 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
    66 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
    67 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
    68 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
    69 #include "runtime/timer.hpp"
    70 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
    71 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
    72 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
    73 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
    74 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
    75 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
    76 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
    77 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
    78 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsAdaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
    79 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"
    80 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
    81 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
    82 #include "gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
    83 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
    85 PRAGMA_FORMAT_MUTE_WARNINGS_FOR_GCC
    87 // Known objects
    88 Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
    89 Klass* Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
    90 Klass* Universe::_charArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
    91 Klass* Universe::_intArrayKlassObj                  = NULL;
    92 Klass* Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj                = NULL;
    93 Klass* Universe::_longArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
    94 Klass* Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
    95 Klass* Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
    96 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1]      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
    97 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
    98 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;
    99 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;
   100 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;
   101 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;
   102 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;
   103 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;
   104 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;
   105 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;
   106 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;
   107 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
   108 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;
   109 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;
   110 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;
   111 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
   112 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;
   113 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;
   114 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
   115 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;
   116 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = NULL;
   117 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;
   118 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace          = NULL;
   119 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace    = NULL;
   120 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;
   121 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;
   122 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
   123 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
   124 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;
   125 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;
   126 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;
   127 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;
   128 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;
   129 Method* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error         = NULL;
   130 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = NULL;
   131 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = NULL;
   132 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = NULL;
   133 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = NULL;
   135 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
   136 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
   137 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)
   139 // Heap
   140 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
   142 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
   143 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
   144 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
   146 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
   147 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
   149 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
   151 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
   152 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
   153 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
   155 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
   156   f(boolArrayKlassObj());
   157   f(byteArrayKlassObj());
   158   f(charArrayKlassObj());
   159   f(intArrayKlassObj());
   160   f(shortArrayKlassObj());
   161   f(longArrayKlassObj());
   162   f(singleArrayKlassObj());
   163   f(doubleArrayKlassObj());
   164 }
   166 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {
   168   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
   169   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
   170   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
   171   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
   172   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
   173   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
   174   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
   175   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
   176   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
   178   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
   179     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
   180   }
   181   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
   183   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
   184   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
   185   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
   186   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
   187   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
   188   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
   189   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
   190   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
   191     f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
   192   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
   193   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
   194   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
   195   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
   196   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
   197   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
   198   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
   199 }
   201 // Serialize metadata in and out of CDS archive, not oops.
   202 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f, bool do_all) {
   204   f->do_ptr((void**)&_boolArrayKlassObj);
   205   f->do_ptr((void**)&_byteArrayKlassObj);
   206   f->do_ptr((void**)&_charArrayKlassObj);
   207   f->do_ptr((void**)&_intArrayKlassObj);
   208   f->do_ptr((void**)&_shortArrayKlassObj);
   209   f->do_ptr((void**)&_longArrayKlassObj);
   210   f->do_ptr((void**)&_singleArrayKlassObj);
   211   f->do_ptr((void**)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
   212   f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
   214   {
   215     for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
   216       if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {
   217         assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");
   218         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
   219       } else if (do_all) {
   220         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
   221       }
   222     }
   223   }
   225   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
   226   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
   227   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
   228   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
   229   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
   230   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
   231   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
   232   _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
   233 }
   235 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
   236   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
   237     vm_exit_during_initialization(
   238       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
   239   }
   240 }
   242 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
   243   Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
   244   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
   245     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
   246     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
   247     k->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
   248   } else {
   249     k->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);
   250   }
   251   k->append_to_sibling_list();
   252 }
   254 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
   255   ResourceMark rm;
   257   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
   259     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
   261       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
   262       compute_base_vtable_size();
   264       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
   265         _boolArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);
   266         _charArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR,    sizeof(jchar),    CHECK);
   267         _singleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT,   sizeof(jfloat),   CHECK);
   268         _doubleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE,  sizeof(jdouble),  CHECK);
   269         _byteArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE,    sizeof(jbyte),    CHECK);
   270         _shortArrayKlassObj     = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT,   sizeof(jshort),   CHECK);
   271         _intArrayKlassObj       = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT,     sizeof(jint),     CHECK);
   272         _longArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG,    sizeof(jlong),    CHECK);
   274         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;
   275         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR]    = _charArrayKlassObj;
   276         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT]   = _singleArrayKlassObj;
   277         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE]  = _doubleArrayKlassObj;
   278         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE]    = _byteArrayKlassObj;
   279         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT]   = _shortArrayKlassObj;
   280         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT]     = _intArrayKlassObj;
   281         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG]    = _longArrayKlassObj;
   283         ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
   285         _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
   286         _the_empty_int_array        = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
   287         _the_empty_short_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
   288         _the_empty_method_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
   289         _the_empty_klass_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
   290       }
   291     }
   293     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
   295     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
   297     Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
   299     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
   300     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
   302     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
   303       // Verify shared interfaces array.
   304       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
   305              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
   306       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
   307              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
   308     } else {
   309       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
   310       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
   311       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
   312     }
   314     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
   315     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
   316     initialize_basic_type_klass(singleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
   317     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
   318     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
   319     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
   320     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
   321     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
   322   } // end of core bootstrapping
   324   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
   325   // during the bootstrapping.
   327   // OLD
   328   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
   329   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
   330   // ---
   331   // NEW
   332   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
   333   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
   334   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
   335   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
   336   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
   337     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
   338   // OLD
   339   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
   340   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
   341   // ---
   342   // New
   343   // Have already been initialized.
   344   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
   346   // Compute is_jdk version flags.
   347   // Only 1.3 or later has the java.lang.Shutdown class.
   348   // Only 1.4 or later has the java.lang.CharSequence interface.
   349   // Only 1.5 or later has the java.lang.management.MemoryUsage class.
   350   if (JDK_Version::is_partially_initialized()) {
   351     uint8_t jdk_version;
   352     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
   353         vmSymbols::java_lang_management_MemoryUsage(), THREAD);
   354     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
   355     if (k == NULL) {
   356       k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
   357           vmSymbols::java_lang_CharSequence(), THREAD);
   358       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
   359       if (k == NULL) {
   360         k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
   361             vmSymbols::java_lang_Shutdown(), THREAD);
   362         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
   363         if (k == NULL) {
   364           jdk_version = 2;
   365         } else {
   366           jdk_version = 3;
   367         }
   368       } else {
   369         jdk_version = 4;
   370       }
   371     } else {
   372       jdk_version = 5;
   373     }
   374     JDK_Version::fully_initialize(jdk_version);
   375   }
   377   #ifdef ASSERT
   378   if (FullGCALot) {
   379     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
   380     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
   381     // so that when we free one and then collect,
   382     // (almost) the whole heap moves
   383     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
   384     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
   385     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
   386     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
   387     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
   388     int size;
   389     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
   390       warning("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc "
   391               "will not force all objects to relocate");
   392       size = FullGCALotDummies;
   393     } else {
   394       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
   395     }
   396     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
   397     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
   398     int i = 0;
   399     while (i < size) {
   400         // Allocate dummy in old generation
   401       oop dummy = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->allocate_instance(CHECK);
   402       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
   403     }
   404     {
   405       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
   406       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
   407       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
   408       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
   409       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
   410         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
   411       }
   412     }
   413     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
   414   }
   415   #endif
   417   // Initialize dependency array for null class loader
   418   ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->init_dependencies(CHECK);
   420 }
   422 // CDS support for patching vtables in metadata in the shared archive.
   423 // All types inherited from Metadata have vtables, but not types inherited
   424 // from MetaspaceObj, because the latter does not have virtual functions.
   425 // If the metadata type has a vtable, it cannot be shared in the read-only
   426 // section of the CDS archive, because the vtable pointer is patched.
   427 static inline void add_vtable(void** list, int* n, void* o, int count) {
   428   guarantee((*n) < count, "vtable list too small");
   429   void* vtable = dereference_vptr(o);
   430   assert(*(void**)(vtable) != NULL, "invalid vtable");
   431   list[(*n)++] = vtable;
   432 }
   434 void Universe::init_self_patching_vtbl_list(void** list, int count) {
   435   int n = 0;
   436   { InstanceKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
   437   { InstanceClassLoaderKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
   438   { InstanceMirrorKlass o;    add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
   439   { InstanceRefKlass o;       add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
   440   { TypeArrayKlass o;         add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
   441   { ObjArrayKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
   442   { Method o;                 add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
   443   { ConstantPool o;           add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
   444 }
   446 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
   447     assert(_int_mirror==NULL, "basic type mirrors already initialized");
   448     _int_mirror     =
   449       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);
   450     _float_mirror   =
   451       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);
   452     _double_mirror  =
   453       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);
   454     _byte_mirror    =
   455       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);
   456     _bool_mirror    =
   457       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
   458     _char_mirror    =
   459       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);
   460     _long_mirror    =
   461       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);
   462     _short_mirror   =
   463       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);
   464     _void_mirror    =
   465       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);
   467     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;
   468     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;
   469     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;
   470     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;
   471     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
   472     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;
   473     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;
   474     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;
   475     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;
   476   //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = InstanceKlass::cast(_object_klass)->java_mirror();
   477   //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = InstanceKlass::cast(_object_klass)->java_mirror();
   478 }
   480 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
   481   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
   482   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
   483   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
   484   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
   485   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
   486   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
   487   // Cache the start of the static fields
   488   InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
   490   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
   491   int list_length = list->length();
   492   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
   493     Klass* k = list->at(i);
   494     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
   495     EXCEPTION_MARK;
   496     KlassHandle kh(THREAD, k);
   497     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(kh, CATCH);
   498 }
   499   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
   500   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
   501 }
   503 static bool has_run_finalizers_on_exit = false;
   505 void Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit() {
   506   if (has_run_finalizers_on_exit) return;
   507   has_run_finalizers_on_exit = true;
   509   // Called on VM exit. This ought to be run in a separate thread.
   510   if (TraceReferenceGC) tty->print_cr("Callback to run finalizers on exit");
   511   {
   512     PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;
   513     KlassHandle finalizer_klass(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass());
   514     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
   515     JavaCalls::call_static(
   516       &result,
   517       finalizer_klass,
   518       vmSymbols::run_finalizers_on_exit_name(),
   519       vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
   520       THREAD
   521     );
   522     // Ignore any pending exceptions
   523     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
   524   }
   525 }
   528 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
   529 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
   530 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
   531 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
   532 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(KlassHandle k_h, TRAPS) {
   533   // init vtable of k and all subclasses
   534   Klass* ko = k_h();
   535   klassVtable* vt = ko->vtable();
   536   if (vt) vt->initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
   537   if (ko->oop_is_instance()) {
   538     InstanceKlass* ik = (InstanceKlass*)ko;
   539     for (KlassHandle s_h(THREAD, ik->subklass());
   540          s_h() != NULL;
   541          s_h = KlassHandle(THREAD, s_h()->next_sibling())) {
   542       reinitialize_vtable_of(s_h, CHECK);
   543     }
   544   }
   545 }
   548 void initialize_itable_for_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
   549   InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable()->initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
   550 }
   553 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
   554   SystemDictionary::classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
   556 }
   559 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
   560   return ((uintptr_t) addr) % os::vm_page_size() == 0;
   561 }
   564 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
   565   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
   566   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
   567   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
   568   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
   569   // to allocate the backtrace.
   570   return ((throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap) &&
   571           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace)  &&
   572           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace)  &&
   573           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size) &&
   574           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit));
   575 }
   578 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
   579   // generate an out of memory error:
   580   // - if there is a preallocated error with backtrace available then return it wth
   581   //   a filled in stack trace.
   582   // - if there are no preallocated errors with backtrace available then return
   583   //   an error without backtrace.
   584   int next;
   585   if (_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) {
   586     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
   587     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
   588   } else {
   589     next = -1;
   590   }
   591   if (next < 0) {
   592     // all preallocated errors have been used.
   593     // return default
   594     return default_err;
   595   } else {
   596     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
   597     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
   598     oop exc = preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next);
   599     assert(exc != NULL, "slot has been used already");
   600     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
   602     // use the message from the default error
   603     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err);
   604     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
   605     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc, msg);
   607     // populate the stack trace and return it.
   608     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
   609     return exc;
   610   }
   611 }
   613 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
   615 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
   616   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
   617   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
   618   //
   619   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
   620   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
   621   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
   622   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
   623   //
   624   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
   625   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
   627   if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
   628     _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
   629   }
   631   return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
   632 }
   634 jint universe_init() {
   635   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
   636   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
   637          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
   638   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
   639   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
   640             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
   641   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TraceStartupTime);
   642   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
   644   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
   645   if (status != JNI_OK) {
   646     return status;
   647   }
   649   Metaspace::global_initialize();
   651   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
   652   // DumpSharedSpaces.
   653   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
   655   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
   656   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
   657   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
   658   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodCache();
   659   Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = new LatestMethodCache();
   661   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
   662     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
   663     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to
   664     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
   665     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
   666     // currently mapped regions.
   667     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
   668     StringTable::create_table();
   669   } else {
   670     SymbolTable::create_table();
   671     StringTable::create_table();
   672     ClassLoader::create_package_info_table();
   674     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
   675       MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
   676     }
   677   }
   679   return JNI_OK;
   680 }
   682 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
   683 // when compressed oops are used:
   684 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
   685 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
   686 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
   687 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
   688 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
   690 // 4Gb
   691 static const uint64_t UnscaledOopHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1);
   692 // 32Gb
   693 // OopEncodingHeapMax == UnscaledOopHeapMax << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
   695 char* Universe::preferred_heap_base(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment, NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
   696   assert(is_size_aligned((size_t)OopEncodingHeapMax, alignment), "Must be");
   697   assert(is_size_aligned((size_t)UnscaledOopHeapMax, alignment), "Must be");
   698   assert(is_size_aligned(heap_size, alignment), "Must be");
   700   uintx heap_base_min_address_aligned = align_size_up(HeapBaseMinAddress, alignment);
   702   size_t base = 0;
   703 #ifdef _LP64
   704   if (UseCompressedOops) {
   705     assert(mode == UnscaledNarrowOop  ||
   706            mode == ZeroBasedNarrowOop ||
   707            mode == HeapBasedNarrowOop, "mode is invalid");
   708     const size_t total_size = heap_size + heap_base_min_address_aligned;
   709     // Return specified base for the first request.
   710     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(HeapBaseMinAddress) && (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop)) {
   711       base = heap_base_min_address_aligned;
   713     // If the total size is small enough to allow UnscaledNarrowOop then
   714     // just use UnscaledNarrowOop.
   715     } else if ((total_size <= OopEncodingHeapMax) && (mode != HeapBasedNarrowOop)) {
   716       if ((total_size <= UnscaledOopHeapMax) && (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop) &&
   717           (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0)) {
   718         // Use 32-bits oops without encoding and
   719         // place heap's top on the 4Gb boundary
   720         base = (UnscaledOopHeapMax - heap_size);
   721       } else {
   722         // Can't reserve with NarrowOopShift == 0
   723         Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
   725         if (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop ||
   726             mode == ZeroBasedNarrowOop && total_size <= UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
   728           // Use zero based compressed oops with encoding and
   729           // place heap's top on the 32Gb boundary in case
   730           // total_size > 4Gb or failed to reserve below 4Gb.
   731           uint64_t heap_top = OopEncodingHeapMax;
   733           // For small heaps, save some space for compressed class pointer
   734           // space so it can be decoded with no base.
   735           if (UseCompressedClassPointers && !UseSharedSpaces &&
   736               OopEncodingHeapMax <= 32*G) {
   738             uint64_t class_space = align_size_up(CompressedClassSpaceSize, alignment);
   739             assert(is_size_aligned((size_t)OopEncodingHeapMax-class_space,
   740                    alignment), "difference must be aligned too");
   741             uint64_t new_top = OopEncodingHeapMax-class_space;
   743             if (total_size <= new_top) {
   744               heap_top = new_top;
   745             }
   746           }
   748           // Align base to the adjusted top of the heap
   749           base = heap_top - heap_size;
   750         }
   751       }
   752     } else {
   753       // UnscaledNarrowOop encoding didn't work, and no base was found for ZeroBasedOops or
   754       // HeapBasedNarrowOop encoding was requested.  So, can't reserve below 32Gb.
   755       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
   756     }
   758     // Set narrow_oop_base and narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks
   759     // used in ReservedHeapSpace() constructors.
   760     // The final values will be set in initialize_heap() below.
   761     if ((base != 0) && ((base + heap_size) <= OopEncodingHeapMax)) {
   762       // Use zero based compressed oops
   763       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(NULL);
   764       // Don't need guard page for implicit checks in indexed
   765       // addressing mode with zero based Compressed Oops.
   766       Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(true);
   767     } else {
   768       // Set to a non-NULL value so the ReservedSpace ctor computes
   769       // the correct no-access prefix.
   770       // The final value will be set in initialize_heap() below.
   771       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)UnscaledOopHeapMax);
   772 #if defined(_WIN64) || defined(AIX)
   773       if (UseLargePages) {
   774         // Cannot allocate guard pages for implicit checks in indexed
   775         // addressing mode when large pages are specified on windows.
   776         Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(false);
   777       }
   778 #endif //  _WIN64
   779     }
   780   }
   781 #endif
   783   assert(is_ptr_aligned((char*)base, alignment), "Must be");
   784   return (char*)base; // also return NULL (don't care) for 32-bit VM
   785 }
   787 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
   789   if (UseParallelGC) {
   790 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
   791     Universe::_collectedHeap = new ParallelScavengeHeap();
   792 #else  // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
   793     fatal("UseParallelGC not supported in this VM.");
   794 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
   796   } else if (UseG1GC) {
   797 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
   798     G1CollectorPolicy* g1p = new G1CollectorPolicy();
   799     g1p->initialize_all();
   800     G1CollectedHeap* g1h = new G1CollectedHeap(g1p);
   801     Universe::_collectedHeap = g1h;
   802 #else  // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
   803     fatal("UseG1GC not supported in java kernel vm.");
   804 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
   806   } else {
   807     GenCollectorPolicy *gc_policy;
   809     if (UseSerialGC) {
   810       gc_policy = new MarkSweepPolicy();
   811     } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
   812 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
   813       if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
   814         gc_policy = new ASConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy();
   815       } else {
   816         gc_policy = new ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy();
   817       }
   818 #else  // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
   819     fatal("UseConcMarkSweepGC not supported in this VM.");
   820 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
   821     } else { // default old generation
   822       gc_policy = new MarkSweepPolicy();
   823     }
   824     gc_policy->initialize_all();
   826     Universe::_collectedHeap = new GenCollectedHeap(gc_policy);
   827   }
   829   ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
   831   jint status = Universe::heap()->initialize();
   832   if (status != JNI_OK) {
   833     return status;
   834   }
   836 #ifdef _LP64
   837   if (UseCompressedOops) {
   838     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
   839     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
   840     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
   841     // See needs_explicit_null_check.
   842     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
   843     // compressed oops for pstack code.
   844     bool verbose = PrintCompressedOopsMode || (PrintMiscellaneous && Verbose);
   845     if (verbose) {
   846       tty->cr();
   847       tty->print("heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
   848                  Universe::heap()->base(), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
   849     }
   850     if (((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > OopEncodingHeapMax)) {
   851       // Can't reserve heap below 32Gb.
   852       // keep the Universe::narrow_oop_base() set in Universe::reserve_heap()
   853       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
   854 #ifdef AIX
   855       // There is no protected page before the heap. This assures all oops
   856       // are decoded so that NULL is preserved, so this page will not be accessed.
   857       Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(false);
   858 #endif
   859       if (verbose) {
   860         tty->print(", %s: "PTR_FORMAT,
   861             narrow_oop_mode_to_string(HeapBasedNarrowOop),
   862             Universe::narrow_oop_base());
   863       }
   864     } else {
   865       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
   866       if (verbose) {
   867         tty->print(", %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(ZeroBasedNarrowOop));
   868       }
   869 #ifdef _WIN64
   870       if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
   871         // Don't need guard page for implicit checks in indexed addressing
   872         // mode with zero based Compressed Oops.
   873         Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(true);
   874       }
   875 #endif //  _WIN64
   876       if((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
   877         // Can't reserve heap below 4Gb.
   878         Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
   879       } else {
   880         Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(0);
   881         if (verbose) {
   882           tty->print(", %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(UnscaledNarrowOop));
   883         }
   884       }
   885     }
   887     if (verbose) {
   888       tty->cr();
   889       tty->cr();
   890     }
   891     Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
   892   }
   893   // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
   894   assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
   895          os::vm_page_size()) ||
   896          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
   897   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
   898          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
   899 #endif
   901   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
   902   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
   904   if (UseTLAB) {
   905     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
   906            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
   907     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
   908   }
   909   return JNI_OK;
   910 }
   913 // Reserve the Java heap, which is now the same for all GCs.
   914 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
   915   assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
   916       err_msg("actual alignment "SIZE_FORMAT" must be within maximum heap alignment "SIZE_FORMAT,
   917           alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment()));
   918   size_t total_reserved = align_size_up(heap_size, alignment);
   919   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
   920       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
   922   bool use_large_pages = UseLargePages && is_size_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size());
   923   assert(!UseLargePages
   924       || UseParallelGC
   925       || use_large_pages, "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
   927   char* addr = Universe::preferred_heap_base(total_reserved, alignment, Universe::UnscaledNarrowOop);
   929   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, use_large_pages, addr);
   931   if (UseCompressedOops) {
   932     if (addr != NULL && !total_rs.is_reserved()) {
   933       // Failed to reserve at specified address - the requested memory
   934       // region is taken already, for example, by 'java' launcher.
   935       // Try again to reserver heap higher.
   936       addr = Universe::preferred_heap_base(total_reserved, alignment, Universe::ZeroBasedNarrowOop);
   938       ReservedHeapSpace total_rs0(total_reserved, alignment,
   939           use_large_pages, addr);
   941       if (addr != NULL && !total_rs0.is_reserved()) {
   942         // Failed to reserve at specified address again - give up.
   943         addr = Universe::preferred_heap_base(total_reserved, alignment, Universe::HeapBasedNarrowOop);
   944         assert(addr == NULL, "");
   946         ReservedHeapSpace total_rs1(total_reserved, alignment,
   947             use_large_pages, addr);
   948         total_rs = total_rs1;
   949       } else {
   950         total_rs = total_rs0;
   951       }
   952     }
   953   }
   955   if (!total_rs.is_reserved()) {
   956     vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap", total_reserved/K));
   957     return total_rs;
   958   }
   960   if (UseCompressedOops) {
   961     // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
   962     // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
   963     address base = (address)(total_rs.base() - os::vm_page_size());
   964     Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(base);
   965   }
   966   return total_rs;
   967 }
   970 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
   971 // (if required).
   972 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
   973   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
   974   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();
   975 }
   978 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
   979   switch (mode) {
   980     case UnscaledNarrowOop:
   981       return "32-bits Oops";
   982     case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
   983       return "zero based Compressed Oops";
   984     case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
   985       return "Compressed Oops with base";
   986   }
   988   ShouldNotReachHere();
   989   return "";
   990 }
   993 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
   994   if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
   995     return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
   996   }
   998   if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
   999     return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
  1002   return UnscaledNarrowOop;
  1006 void universe2_init() {
  1007   EXCEPTION_MARK;
  1008   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
  1012 // This function is defined in JVM.cpp
  1013 extern void initialize_converter_functions();
  1015 bool universe_post_init() {
  1016   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
  1017   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
  1018   EXCEPTION_MARK;
  1019   { ResourceMark rm;
  1020     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points
  1021     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
  1022       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
  1023       KlassHandle ok_h(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Object_klass());
  1024       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok_h, CHECK_false);
  1025       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
  1029   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
  1030   Klass* k;
  1031   instanceKlassHandle k_h;
  1032     // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
  1033     Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
  1035     // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
  1036     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
  1037     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
  1038     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
  1039     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
  1040     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
  1041     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
  1042     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
  1043       k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
  1045     // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
  1046     // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
  1047     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
  1048     Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
  1049     // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
  1050     // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
  1051     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
  1052     Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
  1053     // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
  1054     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
  1055       vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
  1056     bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
  1057     if (!linked) {
  1058       tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
  1059       return false; // initialization failed
  1061     Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
  1062       InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
  1064     Universe::_vm_exception = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
  1066   if (!DumpSharedSpaces) {
  1067     // These are the only Java fields that are currently set during shared space dumping.
  1068     // We prefer to not handle this generally, so we always reinitialize these detail messages.
  1069     Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
  1070     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
  1072     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK_false);
  1073     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
  1074     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK_false);
  1075     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
  1077     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
  1078     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
  1080     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
  1081     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
  1083     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
  1084     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
  1086     // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
  1087     k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
  1088     assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
  1089     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
  1091     int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
  1092     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(k_h(), len, CHECK_false);
  1093     for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
  1094       oop err = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
  1095       Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
  1096       java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
  1097       Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
  1099     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
  1103   // Setup static method for registering finalizers
  1104   // The finalizer klass must be linked before looking up the method, in
  1105   // case it needs to get rewritten.
  1106   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
  1107   Method* m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass())->find_method(
  1108                                   vmSymbols::register_method_name(),
  1109                                   vmSymbols::register_method_signature());
  1110   if (m == NULL || !m->is_static()) {
  1111     tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify Finalizer.register method");
  1112     return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
  1114   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache->init(
  1115     SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(), m);
  1117   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::misc_Unsafe_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
  1118   m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::misc_Unsafe_klass())->find_method(
  1119                                   vmSymbols::throwIllegalAccessError_name(),
  1120                                   vmSymbols::void_method_signature());
  1121   if (m != NULL && !m->is_static()) {
  1122     // Note null is okay; this method is used in itables, and if it is null,
  1123     // then AbstractMethodError is thrown instead.
  1124     tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify Unsafe.throwIllegalAccessError method");
  1125     return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
  1127   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error = m;
  1129   // Setup method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
  1130   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
  1131   m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass())->find_method(vmSymbols::addClass_name(), vmSymbols::class_void_signature());
  1132   if (m == NULL || m->is_static()) {
  1133     tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify ClassLoader.addClass method");
  1134     return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
  1136   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache->init(
  1137     SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(), m);
  1139   // Setup method for checking protection domain
  1140   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
  1141   m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass())->
  1142             find_method(vmSymbols::impliesCreateAccessControlContext_name(),
  1143                         vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature());
  1144   // Allow NULL which should only happen with bootstrapping.
  1145   if (m != NULL) {
  1146     if (m->is_static()) {
  1147       // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
  1148       // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
  1149       tty->print_cr("ProtectionDomain.impliesCreateAccessControlContext() has the wrong linkage");
  1150       return false; // initialization failed
  1152     Universe::_pd_implies_cache->init(
  1153       SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(), m);;
  1156   // The folowing is initializing converter functions for serialization in
  1157   // JVM.cpp. If we clean up the StrictMath code above we may want to find
  1158   // a better solution for this as well.
  1159   initialize_converter_functions();
  1161   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
  1162   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
  1164     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
  1165     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
  1168   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
  1169   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
  1171   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
  1172   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
  1173   CompressedClassSpaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
  1175   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
  1177   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::_collectedHeap);
  1178 #if INCLUDE_CDS
  1179   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
  1180     SharedClassUtil::initialize(CHECK_false);
  1182 #endif
  1183   return true;
  1187 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
  1188   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
  1192 // %%% The Universe::flush_foo methods belong in CodeCache.
  1194 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee.
  1195 void Universe::flush_dependents_on(instanceKlassHandle dependee) {
  1196   assert_lock_strong(Compile_lock);
  1198   if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;
  1200   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
  1201   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
  1202   // holding the CodeCache_lock.
  1204   KlassDepChange changes(dependee);
  1206   // Compute the dependent nmethods
  1207   if (CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization(changes) > 0) {
  1208     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
  1209     VM_Deoptimize op;
  1210     VMThread::execute(&op);
  1214 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on a particular CallSite
  1215 // instance when its target is different than the given MethodHandle.
  1216 void Universe::flush_dependents_on(Handle call_site, Handle method_handle) {
  1217   assert_lock_strong(Compile_lock);
  1219   if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;
  1221   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
  1222   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
  1223   // holding the CodeCache_lock.
  1225   CallSiteDepChange changes(call_site(), method_handle());
  1227   // Compute the dependent nmethods that have a reference to a
  1228   // CallSite object.  We use InstanceKlass::mark_dependent_nmethod
  1229   // directly instead of CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization because we
  1230   // want dependents on the call site class only not all classes in
  1231   // the ContextStream.
  1232   int marked = 0;
  1234     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  1235     InstanceKlass* call_site_klass = InstanceKlass::cast(call_site->klass());
  1236     marked = call_site_klass->mark_dependent_nmethods(changes);
  1238   if (marked > 0) {
  1239     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
  1240     VM_Deoptimize op;
  1241     VMThread::execute(&op);
  1245 #ifdef HOTSWAP
  1246 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee in the evolutionary sense
  1247 void Universe::flush_evol_dependents_on(instanceKlassHandle ev_k_h) {
  1248   // --- Compile_lock is not held. However we are at a safepoint.
  1249   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);
  1250   if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;
  1252   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
  1253   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
  1254   // holding the CodeCache_lock.
  1256   // Compute the dependent nmethods
  1257   if (CodeCache::mark_for_evol_deoptimization(ev_k_h) > 0) {
  1258     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
  1260     // All this already happens inside a VM_Operation, so we'll do all the work here.
  1261     // Stuff copied from VM_Deoptimize and modified slightly.
  1263     // We do not want any GCs to happen while we are in the middle of this VM operation
  1264     ResourceMark rm;
  1265     DeoptimizationMarker dm;
  1267     // Deoptimize all activations depending on marked nmethods
  1268     Deoptimization::deoptimize_dependents();
  1270     // Make the dependent methods not entrant (in VM_Deoptimize they are made zombies)
  1271     CodeCache::make_marked_nmethods_not_entrant();
  1274 #endif // HOTSWAP
  1277 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee
  1278 void Universe::flush_dependents_on_method(methodHandle m_h) {
  1279   // --- Compile_lock is not held. However we are at a safepoint.
  1280   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);
  1282   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
  1283   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
  1284   // holding the CodeCache_lock.
  1286   // Compute the dependent nmethods
  1287   if (CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization(m_h()) > 0) {
  1288     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
  1290     // All this already happens inside a VM_Operation, so we'll do all the work here.
  1291     // Stuff copied from VM_Deoptimize and modified slightly.
  1293     // We do not want any GCs to happen while we are in the middle of this VM operation
  1294     ResourceMark rm;
  1295     DeoptimizationMarker dm;
  1297     // Deoptimize all activations depending on marked nmethods
  1298     Deoptimization::deoptimize_dependents();
  1300     // Make the dependent methods not entrant (in VM_Deoptimize they are made zombies)
  1301     CodeCache::make_marked_nmethods_not_entrant();
  1305 void Universe::print() {
  1306   print_on(gclog_or_tty);
  1309 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st, bool extended) {
  1310   st->print_cr("Heap");
  1311   if (!extended) {
  1312     heap()->print_on(st);
  1313   } else {
  1314     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
  1318 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
  1319   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
  1320     MutexLocker hl(Heap_lock);
  1321     print_on(tty);
  1322     tty->cr();
  1323     tty->flush();
  1327 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {
  1328   st->print_cr("{Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):",
  1329                heap()->total_collections(),
  1330                heap()->total_full_collections());
  1331   if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {
  1332     heap()->print_on(st);
  1333   } else {
  1334     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
  1338 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {
  1339   st->print_cr("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):",
  1340                heap()->total_collections(),
  1341                heap()->total_full_collections());
  1342   if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {
  1343     heap()->print_on(st);
  1344   } else {
  1345     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
  1347   st->print_cr("}");
  1350 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix, bool silent) {
  1351   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
  1352   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
  1353   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
  1354   // straight forward.
  1355   _verify_in_progress = true;
  1357   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
  1358     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
  1359          "DPT should not be active during verification "
  1360          "(of thread stacks below)");
  1363   ResourceMark rm;
  1364   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
  1365   _verify_count++;
  1367   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("%s", prefix);
  1368   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("[Verifying ");
  1369   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("threads ");
  1370   Threads::verify();
  1371   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("heap ");
  1372   heap()->verify(silent, option);
  1373   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("syms ");
  1374   SymbolTable::verify();
  1375   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("strs ");
  1376   StringTable::verify();
  1378     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  1379     if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("zone ");
  1380     CodeCache::verify();
  1382   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("dict ");
  1383   SystemDictionary::verify();
  1384 #ifndef PRODUCT
  1385   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("cldg ");
  1386   ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
  1387 #endif
  1388   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("metaspace chunks ");
  1389   MetaspaceAux::verify_free_chunks();
  1390   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("hand ");
  1391   JNIHandles::verify();
  1392   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("C-heap ");
  1393   os::check_heap();
  1394   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("code cache ");
  1395   CodeCache::verify_oops();
  1396   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print_cr("]");
  1398   _verify_in_progress = false;
  1401 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
  1403 static uintptr_t _verify_oop_data[2]   = {0, (uintptr_t)-1};
  1404 static uintptr_t _verify_klass_data[2] = {0, (uintptr_t)-1};
  1407 #ifndef PRODUCT
  1409 static void calculate_verify_data(uintptr_t verify_data[2],
  1410                                   HeapWord* low_boundary,
  1411                                   HeapWord* high_boundary) {
  1412   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
  1414   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
  1415   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
  1416   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
  1418   // make an inclusive limit:
  1419   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
  1420   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
  1421   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
  1422   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
  1424   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
  1425   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
  1426   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
  1427     mask <<= 1;
  1428   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
  1429   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
  1430   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
  1431   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
  1433   // require address alignment, too:
  1434   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
  1436   if (!(verify_data[0] == 0 && verify_data[1] == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
  1437     assert(verify_data[0] == mask && verify_data[1] == bits, "mask stability");
  1439   verify_data[0] = mask;
  1440   verify_data[1] = bits;
  1443 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
  1445 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
  1446   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
  1447   calculate_verify_data(_verify_oop_data,
  1448                         m.start(),
  1449                         m.end());
  1450   return _verify_oop_data[0];
  1455 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
  1456   verify_oop_mask();
  1457   return _verify_oop_data[1];
  1460 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
  1461   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
  1464 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
  1465   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
  1466   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
  1467   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
  1468   return bits;
  1470 #endif // PRODUCT
  1473 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
  1474   verify_oop_mask();
  1475   verify_oop_bits();
  1476   verify_mark_mask();
  1477   verify_mark_bits();
  1481 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
  1482   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
  1483     _klass = k;
  1485 #ifndef PRODUCT
  1486   else {
  1487     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
  1488     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
  1490 #endif
  1492   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
  1493   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
  1497 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
  1498   if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
  1499   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
  1500   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
  1501   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
  1502   return m;
  1506 #ifdef ASSERT
  1507 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
  1508 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
  1509   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
  1510   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
  1511     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
  1512       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
  1513       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
  1514       return false;
  1516     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
  1517       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
  1518       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
  1520     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
  1521     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
  1523   return true;
  1526 #endif // ASSERT

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