Mercurial > jdk8-mips64-public > hotspot / file revision

 /*

  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

  *

  */

 #include "precompiled.hpp"

 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"

 #include "code/vtableStubs.hpp"

 #include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"

 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"

 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"

 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"

 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

 #include "oops/oop.inline2.hpp"

 #include "oops/symbol.hpp"

 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"

 #include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"

 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"

 #include "runtime/stubCodeGenerator.hpp"

 #include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"

 #include "runtime/task.hpp"

 #include "runtime/vframe.hpp"

 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"

 // Static fields of FlatProfiler

 int               FlatProfiler::received_gc_ticks   = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::vm_operation_ticks  = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::threads_lock_ticks  = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::class_loader_ticks  = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::extra_ticks         = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::blocked_ticks       = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::deopt_ticks         = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::unknown_ticks       = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::interpreter_ticks   = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::compiler_ticks      = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::received_ticks      = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::delivered_ticks     = 0;

 int*              FlatProfiler::bytecode_ticks      = NULL;

 int*              FlatProfiler::bytecode_ticks_stub = NULL;

 int               FlatProfiler::all_int_ticks       = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::all_comp_ticks      = 0;

 int               FlatProfiler::all_ticks           = 0;

 bool              FlatProfiler::full_profile_flag   = false;

 ThreadProfiler*   FlatProfiler::thread_profiler     = NULL;

 ThreadProfiler*   FlatProfiler::vm_thread_profiler  = NULL;

 FlatProfilerTask* FlatProfiler::task                = NULL;

 elapsedTimer      FlatProfiler::timer;

 int               FlatProfiler::interval_ticks_previous = 0;

 IntervalData*     FlatProfiler::interval_data       = NULL;

 ThreadProfiler::ThreadProfiler() {

   // Space for the ProfilerNodes

   const int area_size = 1 * ProfilerNodeSize * 1024;

   area_bottom = AllocateHeap(area_size, mtInternal);

   area_top    = area_bottom;

   area_limit  = area_bottom + area_size;

   // ProfilerNode pointer table

   table = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ProfilerNode*, table_size, mtInternal);

   initialize();

   engaged = false;

 }

 ThreadProfiler::~ThreadProfiler() {

   FreeHeap(area_bottom);

   area_bottom = NULL;

   area_top = NULL;

   area_limit = NULL;

   FreeHeap(table);

   table = NULL;

 }

 // Statics for ThreadProfiler

 int ThreadProfiler::table_size = 1024;

 int ThreadProfiler::entry(int  value) {

   value = (value > 0) ? value : -value;

   return value % table_size;

 }

 ThreadProfilerMark::ThreadProfilerMark(ThreadProfilerMark::Region r) {

   _r = r;

   _pp = NULL;

   assert(((r > ThreadProfilerMark::noRegion) && (r < ThreadProfilerMark::maxRegion)), "ThreadProfilerMark::Region out of bounds");

   Thread* tp = Thread::current();

   if (tp != NULL && tp->is_Java_thread()) {

     JavaThread* jtp = (JavaThread*) tp;

     ThreadProfiler* pp = jtp->get_thread_profiler();

     _pp = pp;

     if (pp != NULL) {

       pp->region_flag[r] = true;

     }

   }

 }

 ThreadProfilerMark::~ThreadProfilerMark() {

   if (_pp != NULL) {

     _pp->region_flag[_r] = false;

   }

   _pp = NULL;

 }

 // Random other statics

 static const int col1 = 2;      // position of output column 1

 static const int col2 = 11;     // position of output column 2

 static const int col3 = 25;     // position of output column 3

 static const int col4 = 55;     // position of output column 4

 // Used for detailed profiling of nmethods.

 class PCRecorder : AllStatic {

  private:

   static int*    counters;

   static address base;

   enum {

    bucket_size = 16

   };

   static int     index_for(address pc) { return (pc - base)/bucket_size;   }

   static address pc_for(int index)     { return base + (index * bucket_size); }

   static int     size() {

     return ((int)CodeCache::max_capacity())/bucket_size * BytesPerWord;

   }

  public:

   static address bucket_start_for(address pc) {

     if (counters == NULL) return NULL;

     return pc_for(index_for(pc));

   }

   static int bucket_count_for(address pc)  { return counters[index_for(pc)]; }

   static void init();

   static void record(address pc);

   static void print();

   static void print_blobs(CodeBlob* cb);

 };

 int*    PCRecorder::counters = NULL;

 address PCRecorder::base     = NULL;

 void PCRecorder::init() {

   MutexLockerEx lm(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

   int s = size();

   counters = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(int, s, mtInternal);

   for (int index = 0; index < s; index++) {

     counters[index] = 0;

   }

   base = CodeCache::first_address();

 }

 void PCRecorder::record(address pc) {

   if (counters == NULL) return;

   assert(CodeCache::contains(pc), "must be in CodeCache");

   counters[index_for(pc)]++;

 }

 address FlatProfiler::bucket_start_for(address pc) {

   return PCRecorder::bucket_start_for(pc);

 }

 int FlatProfiler::bucket_count_for(address pc) {

   return PCRecorder::bucket_count_for(pc);

 }

 void PCRecorder::print() {

   if (counters == NULL) return;

   tty->cr();

   tty->print_cr("Printing compiled methods with PC buckets having more than %d ticks", ProfilerPCTickThreshold);

   tty->print_cr("===================================================================");

   tty->cr();

   GrowableArray<CodeBlob*>* candidates = new GrowableArray<CodeBlob*>(20);

   int s;

   {

     MutexLockerEx lm(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

     s = size();

   }

   for (int index = 0; index < s; index++) {

     int count = counters[index];

     if (count > ProfilerPCTickThreshold) {

       address pc = pc_for(index);

       CodeBlob* cb = CodeCache::find_blob_unsafe(pc);

       if (cb != NULL && candidates->find(cb) < 0) {

         candidates->push(cb);

       }

     }

   }

   for (int i = 0; i < candidates->length(); i++) {

     print_blobs(candidates->at(i));

   }

 }

 void PCRecorder::print_blobs(CodeBlob* cb) {

   if (cb != NULL) {

     cb->print();

     if (cb->is_nmethod()) {

       ((nmethod*)cb)->print_code();

     }

     tty->cr();

   } else {

     tty->print_cr("stub code");

   }

 }

 class tick_counter {            // holds tick info for one node

  public:

   int ticks_in_code;

   int ticks_in_native;

   tick_counter()                     {  ticks_in_code = ticks_in_native = 0; }

   tick_counter(int code, int native) {  ticks_in_code = code; ticks_in_native = native; }

   int total() const {

     return (ticks_in_code + ticks_in_native);

   }

   void add(tick_counter* a) {

     ticks_in_code += a->ticks_in_code;

     ticks_in_native += a->ticks_in_native;

   }

   void update(TickPosition where) {

     switch(where) {

       case tp_code:     ticks_in_code++;       break;

       case tp_native:   ticks_in_native++;      break;

     }

   }

   void print_code(outputStream* st, int total_ticks) {

     st->print("%5.1f%% %5d ", total() * 100.0 / total_ticks, ticks_in_code);

   }

   void print_native(outputStream* st) {

     st->print(" + %5d ", ticks_in_native);

   }

 };

 class ProfilerNode {

  private:

   ProfilerNode* _next;

  public:

   tick_counter ticks;

  public:

   void* operator new(size_t size, ThreadProfiler* tp);

   void  operator delete(void* p);

   ProfilerNode() {

     _next = NULL;

   }

   virtual ~ProfilerNode() {

     if (_next)

       delete _next;

   }

   void set_next(ProfilerNode* n) { _next = n; }

   ProfilerNode* next()           { return _next; }

   void update(TickPosition where) { ticks.update(where);}

   int total_ticks() { return ticks.total(); }

   virtual bool is_interpreted() const { return false; }

   virtual bool is_compiled()    const { return false; }

   virtual bool is_stub()        const { return false; }

   virtual bool is_runtime_stub() const{ return false; }

   virtual void oops_do(OopClosure* f) = 0;

   virtual bool interpreted_match(Method* m) const { return false; }

   virtual bool compiled_match(Method* m ) const { return false; }

   virtual bool stub_match(Method* m, const char* name) const { return false; }

   virtual bool adapter_match() const { return false; }

   virtual bool runtimeStub_match(const CodeBlob* stub, const char* name) const { return false; }

   virtual bool unknown_compiled_match(const CodeBlob* cb) const { return false; }

   static void print_title(outputStream* st) {

     st->print(" + native");

     st->fill_to(col3);

     st->print("Method");

     st->fill_to(col4);

     st->cr();

   }

   static void print_total(outputStream* st, tick_counter* t, int total, const char* msg) {

     t->print_code(st, total);

     st->fill_to(col2);

     t->print_native(st);

     st->fill_to(col3);

     st->print(msg);

     st->cr();

   }

   virtual Method* method()         = 0;

   virtual void print_method_on(outputStream* st) {

     int limit;

     int i;

     Method* m = method();

     Symbol* k = m->klass_name();

     // Print the class name with dots instead of slashes

     limit = k->utf8_length();

     for (i = 0 ; i < limit ; i += 1) {

       char c = (char) k->byte_at(i);

       if (c == '/') {

         c = '.';

       }

       st->print("%c", c);

     }

     if (limit > 0) {

       st->print(".");

     }

     Symbol* n = m->name();

     limit = n->utf8_length();

     for (i = 0 ; i < limit ; i += 1) {

       char c = (char) n->byte_at(i);

       st->print("%c", c);

     }

     if (Verbose || WizardMode) {

       // Disambiguate overloaded methods

       Symbol* sig = m->signature();

       sig->print_symbol_on(st);

     } else if (MethodHandles::is_signature_polymorphic(m->intrinsic_id()))

       // compare with Method::print_short_name

       MethodHandles::print_as_basic_type_signature_on(st, m->signature(), true);

   }

   virtual void print(outputStream* st, int total_ticks) {

     ticks.print_code(st, total_ticks);

     st->fill_to(col2);

     ticks.print_native(st);

     st->fill_to(col3);

     print_method_on(st);

     st->cr();

   }

   // for hashing into the table

   static int hash(Method* method) {

       // The point here is to try to make something fairly unique

       // out of the fields we can read without grabbing any locks

       // since the method may be locked when we need the hash.

       return (

           method->code_size() ^

           method->max_stack() ^

           method->max_locals() ^

           method->size_of_parameters());

   }

   // for sorting

   static int compare(ProfilerNode** a, ProfilerNode** b) {

     return (*b)->total_ticks() - (*a)->total_ticks();

   }

 };

 void* ProfilerNode::operator new(size_t size, ThreadProfiler* tp){

   void* result = (void*) tp->area_top;

   tp->area_top += size;

   if (tp->area_top > tp->area_limit) {

     fatal("flat profiler buffer overflow");

   }

   return result;

 }

 void ProfilerNode::operator delete(void* p){

 }

 class interpretedNode : public ProfilerNode {

  private:

    Method* _method;

    oop       _class_loader;  // needed to keep metadata for the method alive

  public:

    interpretedNode(Method* method, TickPosition where) : ProfilerNode() {

      _method = method;

      _class_loader = method->method_holder()->class_loader();

      update(where);

    }

    bool is_interpreted() const { return true; }

    bool interpreted_match(Method* m) const {

       return _method == m;

    }

    void oops_do(OopClosure* f) {

      f->do_oop(&_class_loader);

    }

    Method* method() { return _method; }

    static void print_title(outputStream* st) {

      st->fill_to(col1);

      st->print("%11s", "Interpreted");

      ProfilerNode::print_title(st);

    }

    void print(outputStream* st, int total_ticks) {

      ProfilerNode::print(st, total_ticks);

    }

    void print_method_on(outputStream* st) {

      ProfilerNode::print_method_on(st);

      if (Verbose) method()->invocation_counter()->print_short();

    }

 };

 class compiledNode : public ProfilerNode {

  private:

    Method* _method;

    oop       _class_loader;  // needed to keep metadata for the method alive

  public:

    compiledNode(Method* method, TickPosition where) : ProfilerNode() {

      _method = method;

      _class_loader = method->method_holder()->class_loader();

      update(where);

   }

   bool is_compiled()    const { return true; }

   bool compiled_match(Method* m) const {

     return _method == m;

   }

   Method* method()         { return _method; }

   void oops_do(OopClosure* f) {

     f->do_oop(&_class_loader);

   }

   static void print_title(outputStream* st) {

     st->fill_to(col1);

     st->print("%11s", "Compiled");

     ProfilerNode::print_title(st);

   }

   void print(outputStream* st, int total_ticks) {

     ProfilerNode::print(st, total_ticks);

   }

   void print_method_on(outputStream* st) {

     ProfilerNode::print_method_on(st);

   }

 };

 class stubNode : public ProfilerNode {

  private:

   Method* _method;

   oop       _class_loader;  // needed to keep metadata for the method alive

   const char* _symbol;   // The name of the nearest VM symbol (for +ProfileVM). Points to a unique string

  public:

    stubNode(Method* method, const char* name, TickPosition where) : ProfilerNode() {

      _method = method;

      _class_loader = method->method_holder()->class_loader();

      _symbol = name;

      update(where);

    }

    bool is_stub() const { return true; }

    void oops_do(OopClosure* f) {

      f->do_oop(&_class_loader);

    }

    bool stub_match(Method* m, const char* name) const {

      return (_method == m) && (_symbol == name);

    }

    Method* method() { return _method; }

    static void print_title(outputStream* st) {

      st->fill_to(col1);

      st->print("%11s", "Stub");

      ProfilerNode::print_title(st);

    }

    void print(outputStream* st, int total_ticks) {

      ProfilerNode::print(st, total_ticks);

    }

    void print_method_on(outputStream* st) {

      ProfilerNode::print_method_on(st);

      print_symbol_on(st);

    }

   void print_symbol_on(outputStream* st) {

     if(_symbol) {

       st->print("  (%s)", _symbol);

     }

   }

 };

 class adapterNode : public ProfilerNode {

  public:

    adapterNode(TickPosition where) : ProfilerNode() {

      update(where);

   }

   bool is_compiled()    const { return true; }

   bool adapter_match() const { return true; }

   Method* method()         { return NULL; }

   void oops_do(OopClosure* f) {

     ;

   }

   void print(outputStream* st, int total_ticks) {

     ProfilerNode::print(st, total_ticks);

   }

   void print_method_on(outputStream* st) {

     st->print("%s", "adapters");

   }

 };

 class runtimeStubNode : public ProfilerNode {

  private:

    const CodeBlob* _stub;

   const char* _symbol;     // The name of the nearest VM symbol when ProfileVM is on. Points to a unique string.

  public:

    runtimeStubNode(const CodeBlob* stub, const char* name, TickPosition where) : ProfilerNode(), _stub(stub),  _symbol(name) {

      assert(stub->is_runtime_stub(), "wrong code blob");

      update(where);

    }

   bool is_runtime_stub() const { return true; }

   bool runtimeStub_match(const CodeBlob* stub, const char* name) const {

     assert(stub->is_runtime_stub(), "wrong code blob");

     return ((RuntimeStub*)_stub)->entry_point() == ((RuntimeStub*)stub)->entry_point() &&

             (_symbol == name);

   }

   Method* method() { return NULL; }

   static void print_title(outputStream* st) {

     st->fill_to(col1);

     st->print("%11s", "Runtime stub");

     ProfilerNode::print_title(st);

   }

   void oops_do(OopClosure* f) {

     ;

   }

   void print(outputStream* st, int total_ticks) {

     ProfilerNode::print(st, total_ticks);

   }

   void print_method_on(outputStream* st) {

     st->print("%s", ((RuntimeStub*)_stub)->name());

     print_symbol_on(st);

   }

   void print_symbol_on(outputStream* st) {

     if(_symbol) {

       st->print("  (%s)", _symbol);

     }

   }

 };

 class unknown_compiledNode : public ProfilerNode {

  const char *_name;

  public:

    unknown_compiledNode(const CodeBlob* cb, TickPosition where) : ProfilerNode() {

      if ( cb->is_buffer_blob() )

        _name = ((BufferBlob*)cb)->name();

      else

        _name = ((SingletonBlob*)cb)->name();

      update(where);

   }

   bool is_compiled()    const { return true; }

   bool unknown_compiled_match(const CodeBlob* cb) const {

      if ( cb->is_buffer_blob() )

        return !strcmp(((BufferBlob*)cb)->name(), _name);

      else

        return !strcmp(((SingletonBlob*)cb)->name(), _name);

   }

   Method* method()         { return NULL; }

   void oops_do(OopClosure* f) {

     ;

   }

   void print(outputStream* st, int total_ticks) {

     ProfilerNode::print(st, total_ticks);

   }

   void print_method_on(outputStream* st) {

     st->print("%s", _name);

   }

 };

 class vmNode : public ProfilerNode {

  private:

   const char* _name; // "optional" name obtained by os means such as dll lookup

  public:

   vmNode(const TickPosition where) : ProfilerNode() {

     _name = NULL;

     update(where);

   }

   vmNode(const char* name, const TickPosition where) : ProfilerNode() {

     _name = name;

     update(where);

   }

   const char *name()    const { return _name; }

   bool is_compiled()    const { return true; }

   bool vm_match(const char* name) const { return strcmp(name, _name) == 0; }

   Method* method()          { return NULL; }

   static int hash(const char* name){

     // Compute a simple hash

     const char* cp = name;

     int h = 0;

     if(name != NULL){

       while(*cp != '\0'){

         h = (h << 1) ^ *cp;

         cp++;

       }

     }

     return h;

   }

   void oops_do(OopClosure* f) {

     ;

   }

   void print(outputStream* st, int total_ticks) {

     ProfilerNode::print(st, total_ticks);

   }

   void print_method_on(outputStream* st) {

     if(_name==NULL){

       st->print("%s", "unknown code");

     }

     else {

       st->print("%s", _name);

     }

   }

 };

 void ThreadProfiler::interpreted_update(Method* method, TickPosition where) {

   int index = entry(ProfilerNode::hash(method));

   if (!table[index]) {

     table[index] = new (this) interpretedNode(method, where);

   } else {

     ProfilerNode* prev = table[index];

     for(ProfilerNode* node = prev; node; node = node->next()) {

       if (node->interpreted_match(method)) {

         node->update(where);

         return;

       }

       prev = node;

     }

     prev->set_next(new (this) interpretedNode(method, where));

   }

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::compiled_update(Method* method, TickPosition where) {

   int index = entry(ProfilerNode::hash(method));

   if (!table[index]) {

     table[index] = new (this) compiledNode(method, where);

   } else {

     ProfilerNode* prev = table[index];

     for(ProfilerNode* node = prev; node; node = node->next()) {

       if (node->compiled_match(method)) {

         node->update(where);

         return;

       }

       prev = node;

     }

     prev->set_next(new (this) compiledNode(method, where));

   }

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::stub_update(Method* method, const char* name, TickPosition where) {

   int index = entry(ProfilerNode::hash(method));

   if (!table[index]) {

     table[index] = new (this) stubNode(method, name, where);

   } else {

     ProfilerNode* prev = table[index];

     for(ProfilerNode* node = prev; node; node = node->next()) {

       if (node->stub_match(method, name)) {

         node->update(where);

         return;

       }

       prev = node;

     }

     prev->set_next(new (this) stubNode(method, name, where));

   }

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::adapter_update(TickPosition where) {

   int index = 0;

   if (!table[index]) {

     table[index] = new (this) adapterNode(where);

   } else {

     ProfilerNode* prev = table[index];

     for(ProfilerNode* node = prev; node; node = node->next()) {

       if (node->adapter_match()) {

         node->update(where);

         return;

       }

       prev = node;

     }

     prev->set_next(new (this) adapterNode(where));

   }

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::runtime_stub_update(const CodeBlob* stub, const char* name, TickPosition where) {

   int index = 0;

   if (!table[index]) {

     table[index] = new (this) runtimeStubNode(stub, name, where);

   } else {

     ProfilerNode* prev = table[index];

     for(ProfilerNode* node = prev; node; node = node->next()) {

       if (node->runtimeStub_match(stub, name)) {

         node->update(where);

         return;

       }

       prev = node;

     }

     prev->set_next(new (this) runtimeStubNode(stub, name, where));

   }

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::unknown_compiled_update(const CodeBlob* cb, TickPosition where) {

   int index = 0;

   if (!table[index]) {

     table[index] = new (this) unknown_compiledNode(cb, where);

   } else {

     ProfilerNode* prev = table[index];

     for(ProfilerNode* node = prev; node; node = node->next()) {

       if (node->unknown_compiled_match(cb)) {

         node->update(where);

         return;

       }

       prev = node;

     }

     prev->set_next(new (this) unknown_compiledNode(cb, where));

   }

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::vm_update(TickPosition where) {

   vm_update(NULL, where);

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::vm_update(const char* name, TickPosition where) {

   int index = entry(vmNode::hash(name));

   assert(index >= 0, "Must be positive");

   // Note that we call strdup below since the symbol may be resource allocated

   if (!table[index]) {

     table[index] = new (this) vmNode(os::strdup(name), where);

   } else {

     ProfilerNode* prev = table[index];

     for(ProfilerNode* node = prev; node; node = node->next()) {

       if (((vmNode *)node)->vm_match(name)) {

         node->update(where);

         return;

       }

       prev = node;

     }

     prev->set_next(new (this) vmNode(os::strdup(name), where));

   }

 }

 class FlatProfilerTask : public PeriodicTask {

 public:

   FlatProfilerTask(int interval_time) : PeriodicTask(interval_time) {}

   void task();

 };

 void FlatProfiler::record_vm_operation() {

   if (Universe::heap()->is_gc_active()) {

     FlatProfiler::received_gc_ticks += 1;

     return;

   }

   if (DeoptimizationMarker::is_active()) {

     FlatProfiler::deopt_ticks += 1;

     return;

   }

   FlatProfiler::vm_operation_ticks += 1;

 }

 void FlatProfiler::record_vm_tick() {

   // Profile the VM Thread itself if needed

   // This is done without getting the Threads_lock and we can go deep

   // inside Safepoint, etc.

   if( ProfileVM  ) {

     ResourceMark rm;

     ExtendedPC epc;

     const char *name = NULL;

     char buf[256];

     buf[0] = '\0';

     vm_thread_profiler->inc_thread_ticks();

     // Get a snapshot of a current VMThread pc (and leave it running!)

     // The call may fail if, for instance the VM thread is interrupted while

     // holding the Interrupt_lock or for other reasons.

     epc = os::get_thread_pc(VMThread::vm_thread());

     if(epc.pc() != NULL) {

       if (os::dll_address_to_function_name(epc.pc(), buf, sizeof(buf), NULL)) {

          name = buf;

       }

     }

     if (name != NULL) {

       vm_thread_profiler->vm_update(name, tp_native);

     }

   }

 }

 void FlatProfiler::record_thread_ticks() {

   int maxthreads, suspendedthreadcount;

   JavaThread** threadsList;

   bool interval_expired = false;

   if (ProfileIntervals &&

       (FlatProfiler::received_ticks >= interval_ticks_previous + ProfileIntervalsTicks)) {

     interval_expired = true;

     interval_ticks_previous = FlatProfiler::received_ticks;

   }

   // Try not to wait for the Threads_lock

   if (Threads_lock->try_lock()) {

     {  // Threads_lock scope

       maxthreads = Threads::number_of_threads();

       threadsList = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(JavaThread *, maxthreads, mtInternal);

       suspendedthreadcount = 0;

       for (JavaThread* tp = Threads::first(); tp != NULL; tp = tp->next()) {

         if (tp->is_Compiler_thread()) {

           // Only record ticks for active compiler threads

           CompilerThread* cthread = (CompilerThread*)tp;

           if (cthread->task() != NULL) {

             // The compiler is active.  If we need to access any of the fields

             // of the compiler task we should suspend the CompilerThread first.

             FlatProfiler::compiler_ticks += 1;

             continue;

           }

         }

         // First externally suspend all threads by marking each for

         // external suspension - so it will stop at its next transition

         // Then do a safepoint

         ThreadProfiler* pp = tp->get_thread_profiler();

         if (pp != NULL && pp->engaged) {

           MutexLockerEx ml(tp->SR_lock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

           if (!tp->is_external_suspend() && !tp->is_exiting()) {

             tp->set_external_suspend();

             threadsList[suspendedthreadcount++] = tp;

           }

         }

       }

       Threads_lock->unlock();

     }

     // Suspend each thread. This call should just return

     // for any threads that have already self-suspended

     // Net result should be one safepoint

     for (int j = 0; j < suspendedthreadcount; j++) {

       JavaThread *tp = threadsList[j];

       if (tp) {

         tp->java_suspend();

       }

     }

     // We are responsible for resuming any thread on this list

     for (int i = 0; i < suspendedthreadcount; i++) {

       JavaThread *tp = threadsList[i];

       if (tp) {

         ThreadProfiler* pp = tp->get_thread_profiler();

         if (pp != NULL && pp->engaged) {

           HandleMark hm;

           FlatProfiler::delivered_ticks += 1;

           if (interval_expired) {

           FlatProfiler::interval_record_thread(pp);

           }

           // This is the place where we check to see if a user thread is

           // blocked waiting for compilation.

           if (tp->blocked_on_compilation()) {

             pp->compiler_ticks += 1;

             pp->interval_data_ref()->inc_compiling();

           } else {

             pp->record_tick(tp);

           }

         }

         MutexLocker ml(Threads_lock);

         tp->java_resume();

       }

     }

     if (interval_expired) {

       FlatProfiler::interval_print();

       FlatProfiler::interval_reset();

     }

   } else {

     // Couldn't get the threads lock, just record that rather than blocking

     FlatProfiler::threads_lock_ticks += 1;

   }

 }

 void FlatProfilerTask::task() {

   FlatProfiler::received_ticks += 1;

   if (ProfileVM) {

     FlatProfiler::record_vm_tick();

   }

   VM_Operation* op = VMThread::vm_operation();

   if (op != NULL) {

     FlatProfiler::record_vm_operation();

     if (SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint()) {

       return;

     }

   }

   FlatProfiler::record_thread_ticks();

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::record_interpreted_tick(JavaThread* thread, frame fr, TickPosition where, int* ticks) {

   FlatProfiler::all_int_ticks++;

   if (!FlatProfiler::full_profile()) {

     return;

   }

   if (!fr.is_interpreted_frame_valid(thread)) {

     // tick came at a bad time

     interpreter_ticks += 1;

     FlatProfiler::interpreter_ticks += 1;

     return;

   }

   // The frame has been fully validated so we can trust the method and bci

   Method* method = *fr.interpreter_frame_method_addr();

   interpreted_update(method, where);

   // update byte code table

   InterpreterCodelet* desc = Interpreter::codelet_containing(fr.pc());

   if (desc != NULL && desc->bytecode() >= 0) {

     ticks[desc->bytecode()]++;

   }

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::record_compiled_tick(JavaThread* thread, frame fr, TickPosition where) {

   const char *name = NULL;

   TickPosition localwhere = where;

   FlatProfiler::all_comp_ticks++;

   if (!FlatProfiler::full_profile()) return;

   CodeBlob* cb = fr.cb();

 // For runtime stubs, record as native rather than as compiled

    if (cb->is_runtime_stub()) {

         RegisterMap map(thread, false);

         fr = fr.sender(&map);

         cb = fr.cb();

         localwhere = tp_native;

   }

   Method* method = (cb->is_nmethod()) ? ((nmethod *)cb)->method() :

                                           (Method*)NULL;

   if (method == NULL) {

     if (cb->is_runtime_stub())

       runtime_stub_update(cb, name, localwhere);

     else

       unknown_compiled_update(cb, localwhere);

   }

   else {

     if (method->is_native()) {

       stub_update(method, name, localwhere);

     } else {

       compiled_update(method, localwhere);

     }

   }

 }

 extern "C" void find(int x);

 void ThreadProfiler::record_tick_for_running_frame(JavaThread* thread, frame fr) {

   // The tick happened in real code -> non VM code

   if (fr.is_interpreted_frame()) {

     interval_data_ref()->inc_interpreted();

     record_interpreted_tick(thread, fr, tp_code, FlatProfiler::bytecode_ticks);

     return;

   }

   if (CodeCache::contains(fr.pc())) {

     interval_data_ref()->inc_compiled();

     PCRecorder::record(fr.pc());

     record_compiled_tick(thread, fr, tp_code);

     return;

   }

   if (VtableStubs::stub_containing(fr.pc()) != NULL) {

     unknown_ticks_array[ut_vtable_stubs] += 1;

     return;

   }

   frame caller = fr.profile_find_Java_sender_frame(thread);

   if (caller.sp() != NULL && caller.pc() != NULL) {

     record_tick_for_calling_frame(thread, caller);

     return;

   }

   unknown_ticks_array[ut_running_frame] += 1;

   FlatProfiler::unknown_ticks += 1;

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::record_tick_for_calling_frame(JavaThread* thread, frame fr) {

   // The tick happened in VM code

   interval_data_ref()->inc_native();

   if (fr.is_interpreted_frame()) {

     record_interpreted_tick(thread, fr, tp_native, FlatProfiler::bytecode_ticks_stub);

     return;

   }

   if (CodeCache::contains(fr.pc())) {

     record_compiled_tick(thread, fr, tp_native);

     return;

   }

   frame caller = fr.profile_find_Java_sender_frame(thread);

   if (caller.sp() != NULL && caller.pc() != NULL) {

     record_tick_for_calling_frame(thread, caller);

     return;

   }

   unknown_ticks_array[ut_calling_frame] += 1;

   FlatProfiler::unknown_ticks += 1;

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::record_tick(JavaThread* thread) {

   FlatProfiler::all_ticks++;

   thread_ticks += 1;

   // Here's another way to track global state changes.

   // When the class loader starts it marks the ThreadProfiler to tell it it is in the class loader

   // and we check that here.

   // This is more direct, and more than one thread can be in the class loader at a time,

   // but it does mean the class loader has to know about the profiler.

   if (region_flag[ThreadProfilerMark::classLoaderRegion]) {

     class_loader_ticks += 1;

     FlatProfiler::class_loader_ticks += 1;

     return;

   } else if (region_flag[ThreadProfilerMark::extraRegion]) {

     extra_ticks += 1;

     FlatProfiler::extra_ticks += 1;

     return;

   }

   // Note that the WatcherThread can now stop for safepoints

   uint32_t debug_bits = 0;

   if (!thread->wait_for_ext_suspend_completion(SuspendRetryCount,

       SuspendRetryDelay, &debug_bits)) {

     unknown_ticks_array[ut_unknown_thread_state] += 1;

     FlatProfiler::unknown_ticks += 1;

     return;

   }

   frame fr;

   switch (thread->thread_state()) {

   case _thread_in_native:

   case _thread_in_native_trans:

   case _thread_in_vm:

   case _thread_in_vm_trans:

     if (thread->profile_last_Java_frame(&fr)) {

       if (fr.is_runtime_frame()) {

         RegisterMap map(thread, false);

         fr = fr.sender(&map);

       }

       record_tick_for_calling_frame(thread, fr);

     } else {

       unknown_ticks_array[ut_no_last_Java_frame] += 1;

       FlatProfiler::unknown_ticks += 1;

     }

     break;

   // handle_special_runtime_exit_condition self-suspends threads in Java

   case _thread_in_Java:

   case _thread_in_Java_trans:

     if (thread->profile_last_Java_frame(&fr)) {

       if (fr.is_safepoint_blob_frame()) {

         RegisterMap map(thread, false);

         fr = fr.sender(&map);

       }

       record_tick_for_running_frame(thread, fr);

     } else {

       unknown_ticks_array[ut_no_last_Java_frame] += 1;

       FlatProfiler::unknown_ticks += 1;

     }

     break;

   case _thread_blocked:

   case _thread_blocked_trans:

     if (thread->osthread() && thread->osthread()->get_state() == RUNNABLE) {

         if (thread->profile_last_Java_frame(&fr)) {

           if (fr.is_safepoint_blob_frame()) {

             RegisterMap map(thread, false);

             fr = fr.sender(&map);

             record_tick_for_running_frame(thread, fr);

           } else {

             record_tick_for_calling_frame(thread, fr);

           }

         } else {

           unknown_ticks_array[ut_no_last_Java_frame] += 1;

           FlatProfiler::unknown_ticks += 1;

         }

     } else {

           blocked_ticks += 1;

           FlatProfiler::blocked_ticks += 1;

     }

     break;

   case _thread_uninitialized:

   case _thread_new:

   // not used, included for completeness

   case _thread_new_trans:

      unknown_ticks_array[ut_no_last_Java_frame] += 1;

      FlatProfiler::unknown_ticks += 1;

      break;

   default:

     unknown_ticks_array[ut_unknown_thread_state] += 1;

     FlatProfiler::unknown_ticks += 1;

     break;

   }

   return;

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::engage() {

   engaged = true;

   timer.start();

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::disengage() {

   engaged = false;

   timer.stop();

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::initialize() {

   for (int index = 0; index < table_size; index++) {

     table[index] = NULL;

   }

   thread_ticks = 0;

   blocked_ticks = 0;

   compiler_ticks = 0;

   interpreter_ticks = 0;

   for (int ut = 0; ut < ut_end; ut += 1) {

     unknown_ticks_array[ut] = 0;

   }

   region_flag[ThreadProfilerMark::classLoaderRegion] = false;

   class_loader_ticks = 0;

   region_flag[ThreadProfilerMark::extraRegion] = false;

   extra_ticks = 0;

   timer.start();

   interval_data_ref()->reset();

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::reset() {

   timer.stop();

   if (table != NULL) {

     for (int index = 0; index < table_size; index++) {

       ProfilerNode* n = table[index];

       if (n != NULL) {

         delete n;

       }

     }

   }

   initialize();

 }

 void FlatProfiler::allocate_table() {

   { // Bytecode table

     bytecode_ticks      = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(int, Bytecodes::number_of_codes, mtInternal);

     bytecode_ticks_stub = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(int, Bytecodes::number_of_codes, mtInternal);

     for(int index = 0; index < Bytecodes::number_of_codes; index++) {

       bytecode_ticks[index]      = 0;

       bytecode_ticks_stub[index] = 0;

     }

   }

   if (ProfilerRecordPC) PCRecorder::init();

   interval_data         = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(IntervalData, interval_print_size, mtInternal);

   FlatProfiler::interval_reset();

 }

 void FlatProfiler::engage(JavaThread* mainThread, bool fullProfile) {

   full_profile_flag = fullProfile;

   if (bytecode_ticks == NULL) {

     allocate_table();

   }

   if(ProfileVM && (vm_thread_profiler == NULL)){

     vm_thread_profiler = new ThreadProfiler();

   }

   if (task == NULL) {

     task = new FlatProfilerTask(WatcherThread::delay_interval);

     task->enroll();

   }

   timer.start();

   if (mainThread != NULL) {

     // When mainThread was created, it might not have a ThreadProfiler

     ThreadProfiler* pp = mainThread->get_thread_profiler();

     if (pp == NULL) {

       mainThread->set_thread_profiler(new ThreadProfiler());

     } else {

       pp->reset();

     }

     mainThread->get_thread_profiler()->engage();

   }

   // This is where we would assign thread_profiler

   // if we wanted only one thread_profiler for all threads.

   thread_profiler = NULL;

 }

 void FlatProfiler::disengage() {

   if (!task) {

     return;

   }

   timer.stop();

   task->disenroll();

   delete task;

   task = NULL;

   if (thread_profiler != NULL) {

     thread_profiler->disengage();

   } else {

     MutexLocker tl(Threads_lock);

     for (JavaThread* tp = Threads::first(); tp != NULL; tp = tp->next()) {

       ThreadProfiler* pp = tp->get_thread_profiler();

       if (pp != NULL) {

         pp->disengage();

       }

     }

   }

 }

 void FlatProfiler::reset() {

   if (task) {

     disengage();

   }

   class_loader_ticks = 0;

   extra_ticks        = 0;

   received_gc_ticks  = 0;

   vm_operation_ticks = 0;

   compiler_ticks     = 0;

   deopt_ticks        = 0;

   interpreter_ticks  = 0;

   blocked_ticks      = 0;

   unknown_ticks      = 0;

   received_ticks     = 0;

   delivered_ticks    = 0;

   timer.stop();

 }

 bool FlatProfiler::is_active() {

   return task != NULL;

 }

 void FlatProfiler::print_byte_code_statistics() {

   GrowableArray <ProfilerNode*>* array = new GrowableArray<ProfilerNode*>(200);

   tty->print_cr(" Bytecode ticks:");

   for (int index = 0; index < Bytecodes::number_of_codes; index++) {

     if (FlatProfiler::bytecode_ticks[index] > 0 || FlatProfiler::bytecode_ticks_stub[index] > 0) {

       tty->print_cr("  %4d %4d = %s",

         FlatProfiler::bytecode_ticks[index],

         FlatProfiler::bytecode_ticks_stub[index],

         Bytecodes::name( (Bytecodes::Code) index));

     }

   }

   tty->cr();

 }

 void print_ticks(const char* title, int ticks, int total) {

   if (ticks > 0) {

     tty->print("%5.1f%% %5d", ticks * 100.0 / total, ticks);

     tty->fill_to(col3);

     tty->print("%s", title);

     tty->cr();

   }

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::print(const char* thread_name) {

   ResourceMark rm;

   MutexLocker ppl(ProfilePrint_lock);

   int index = 0; // Declared outside for loops for portability

   if (table == NULL) {

     return;

   }

   if (thread_ticks <= 0) {

     return;

   }

   const char* title = "too soon to tell";

   double secs = timer.seconds();

   GrowableArray <ProfilerNode*>* array = new GrowableArray<ProfilerNode*>(200);

   for(index = 0; index < table_size; index++) {

     for(ProfilerNode* node = table[index]; node; node = node->next())

       array->append(node);

   }

   array->sort(&ProfilerNode::compare);

   // compute total (sanity check)

   int active =

     class_loader_ticks +

     compiler_ticks +

     interpreter_ticks +

     unknown_ticks();

   for (index = 0; index < array->length(); index++) {

     active += array->at(index)->ticks.total();

   }

   int total = active + blocked_ticks;

   tty->cr();

   tty->print_cr("Flat profile of %3.2f secs (%d total ticks): %s", secs, total, thread_name);

   if (total != thread_ticks) {

     print_ticks("Lost ticks", thread_ticks-total, thread_ticks);

   }

   tty->cr();

   // print interpreted methods

   tick_counter interpreted_ticks;

   bool has_interpreted_ticks = false;

   int print_count = 0;

   for (index = 0; index < array->length(); index++) {

     ProfilerNode* n = array->at(index);

     if (n->is_interpreted()) {

       interpreted_ticks.add(&n->ticks);

       if (!has_interpreted_ticks) {

         interpretedNode::print_title(tty);

         has_interpreted_ticks = true;

       }

       if (print_count++ < ProfilerNumberOfInterpretedMethods) {

         n->print(tty, active);

       }

     }

   }

   if (has_interpreted_ticks) {

     if (print_count <= ProfilerNumberOfInterpretedMethods) {

       title = "Total interpreted";

     } else {

       title = "Total interpreted (including elided)";

     }

     interpretedNode::print_total(tty, &interpreted_ticks, active, title);

     tty->cr();

   }

   // print compiled methods

   tick_counter compiled_ticks;

   bool has_compiled_ticks = false;

   print_count = 0;

   for (index = 0; index < array->length(); index++) {

     ProfilerNode* n = array->at(index);

     if (n->is_compiled()) {

       compiled_ticks.add(&n->ticks);

       if (!has_compiled_ticks) {

         compiledNode::print_title(tty);

         has_compiled_ticks = true;

       }

       if (print_count++ < ProfilerNumberOfCompiledMethods) {

         n->print(tty, active);

       }

     }

   }

   if (has_compiled_ticks) {

     if (print_count <= ProfilerNumberOfCompiledMethods) {

       title = "Total compiled";

     } else {

       title = "Total compiled (including elided)";

     }

     compiledNode::print_total(tty, &compiled_ticks, active, title);

     tty->cr();

   }

   // print stub methods

   tick_counter stub_ticks;

   bool has_stub_ticks = false;

   print_count = 0;

   for (index = 0; index < array->length(); index++) {

     ProfilerNode* n = array->at(index);

     if (n->is_stub()) {

       stub_ticks.add(&n->ticks);

       if (!has_stub_ticks) {

         stubNode::print_title(tty);

         has_stub_ticks = true;

       }

       if (print_count++ < ProfilerNumberOfStubMethods) {

         n->print(tty, active);

       }

     }

   }

   if (has_stub_ticks) {

     if (print_count <= ProfilerNumberOfStubMethods) {

       title = "Total stub";

     } else {

       title = "Total stub (including elided)";

     }

     stubNode::print_total(tty, &stub_ticks, active, title);

     tty->cr();

   }

   // print runtime stubs

   tick_counter runtime_stub_ticks;

   bool has_runtime_stub_ticks = false;

   print_count = 0;

   for (index = 0; index < array->length(); index++) {

     ProfilerNode* n = array->at(index);

     if (n->is_runtime_stub()) {

       runtime_stub_ticks.add(&n->ticks);

       if (!has_runtime_stub_ticks) {

         runtimeStubNode::print_title(tty);

         has_runtime_stub_ticks = true;

       }

       if (print_count++ < ProfilerNumberOfRuntimeStubNodes) {

         n->print(tty, active);

       }

     }

   }

   if (has_runtime_stub_ticks) {

     if (print_count <= ProfilerNumberOfRuntimeStubNodes) {

       title = "Total runtime stubs";

     } else {

       title = "Total runtime stubs (including elided)";

     }

     runtimeStubNode::print_total(tty, &runtime_stub_ticks, active, title);

     tty->cr();

   }

   if (blocked_ticks + class_loader_ticks + interpreter_ticks + compiler_ticks + unknown_ticks() != 0) {

     tty->fill_to(col1);

     tty->print_cr("Thread-local ticks:");

     print_ticks("Blocked (of total)",  blocked_ticks,      total);

     print_ticks("Class loader",        class_loader_ticks, active);

     print_ticks("Extra",               extra_ticks,        active);

     print_ticks("Interpreter",         interpreter_ticks,  active);

     print_ticks("Compilation",         compiler_ticks,     active);

     print_ticks("Unknown: vtable stubs",  unknown_ticks_array[ut_vtable_stubs],         active);

     print_ticks("Unknown: null method",   unknown_ticks_array[ut_null_method],          active);

     print_ticks("Unknown: running frame", unknown_ticks_array[ut_running_frame],        active);

     print_ticks("Unknown: calling frame", unknown_ticks_array[ut_calling_frame],        active);

     print_ticks("Unknown: no pc",         unknown_ticks_array[ut_no_pc],                active);

     print_ticks("Unknown: no last frame", unknown_ticks_array[ut_no_last_Java_frame],   active);

     print_ticks("Unknown: thread_state",  unknown_ticks_array[ut_unknown_thread_state], active);

     tty->cr();

   }

   if (WizardMode) {

     tty->print_cr("Node area used: %dKb", (area_top - area_bottom) / 1024);

   }

   reset();

 }

 /*

 ThreadProfiler::print_unknown(){

   if (table == NULL) {

     return;

   }

   if (thread_ticks <= 0) {

     return;

   }

 } */

 void FlatProfiler::print(int unused) {

   ResourceMark rm;

   if (thread_profiler != NULL) {

     thread_profiler->print("All threads");

   } else {

     MutexLocker tl(Threads_lock);

     for (JavaThread* tp = Threads::first(); tp != NULL; tp = tp->next()) {

       ThreadProfiler* pp = tp->get_thread_profiler();

       if (pp != NULL) {

         pp->print(tp->get_thread_name());

       }

     }

   }

   if (ProfilerPrintByteCodeStatistics) {

     print_byte_code_statistics();

   }

   if (non_method_ticks() > 0) {

     tty->cr();

     tty->print_cr("Global summary of %3.2f seconds:", timer.seconds());

     print_ticks("Received ticks",      received_ticks,     received_ticks);

     print_ticks("Received GC ticks",   received_gc_ticks,  received_ticks);

     print_ticks("Compilation",         compiler_ticks,     received_ticks);

     print_ticks("Deoptimization",      deopt_ticks,        received_ticks);

     print_ticks("Other VM operations", vm_operation_ticks, received_ticks);

 #ifndef PRODUCT

     print_ticks("Blocked ticks",       blocked_ticks,      received_ticks);

     print_ticks("Threads_lock blocks", threads_lock_ticks, received_ticks);

     print_ticks("Delivered ticks",     delivered_ticks,    received_ticks);

     print_ticks("All ticks",           all_ticks,          received_ticks);

 #endif

     print_ticks("Class loader",        class_loader_ticks, received_ticks);

     print_ticks("Extra       ",        extra_ticks,        received_ticks);

     print_ticks("Interpreter",         interpreter_ticks,  received_ticks);

     print_ticks("Unknown code",        unknown_ticks,      received_ticks);

   }

   PCRecorder::print();

   if(ProfileVM){

     tty->cr();

     vm_thread_profiler->print("VM Thread");

   }

 }

 void IntervalData::print_header(outputStream* st) {

   st->print("i/c/n/g");

 }

 void IntervalData::print_data(outputStream* st) {

   st->print("%d/%d/%d/%d", interpreted(), compiled(), native(), compiling());

 }

 void FlatProfiler::interval_record_thread(ThreadProfiler* tp) {

   IntervalData id = tp->interval_data();

   int total = id.total();

   tp->interval_data_ref()->reset();

   // Insertion sort the data, if it's relevant.

   for (int i = 0; i < interval_print_size; i += 1) {

     if (total > interval_data[i].total()) {

       for (int j = interval_print_size - 1; j > i; j -= 1) {

         interval_data[j] = interval_data[j-1];

       }

       interval_data[i] = id;

       break;

     }

   }

 }

 void FlatProfiler::interval_print() {

   if ((interval_data[0].total() > 0)) {

     tty->stamp();

     tty->print("\t");

     IntervalData::print_header(tty);

     for (int i = 0; i < interval_print_size; i += 1) {

       if (interval_data[i].total() > 0) {

         tty->print("\t");

         interval_data[i].print_data(tty);

       }

     }

     tty->cr();

   }

 }

 void FlatProfiler::interval_reset() {

   for (int i = 0; i < interval_print_size; i += 1) {

     interval_data[i].reset();

   }

 }

 void ThreadProfiler::oops_do(OopClosure* f) {

   if (table == NULL) return;

   for(int index = 0; index < table_size; index++) {

     for(ProfilerNode* node = table[index]; node; node = node->next())

       node->oops_do(f);

   }

 }

 void FlatProfiler::oops_do(OopClosure* f) {

   if (thread_profiler != NULL) {

     thread_profiler->oops_do(f);

   } else {

     for (JavaThread* tp = Threads::first(); tp != NULL; tp = tp->next()) {

       ThreadProfiler* pp = tp->get_thread_profiler();

       if (pp != NULL) {

         pp->oops_do(f);

       }

     }

   }

 }