Mercurial > jdk8-mips64-public > hotspot / file revision

 /*

  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

  *

  */

 #include "precompiled.hpp"

 #include "classfile/altHashing.hpp"

 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"

 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"

 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"

 #include "code/debugInfo.hpp"

 #include "code/pcDesc.hpp"

 #include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"

 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"

 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"

 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"

 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"

 #include "oops/fieldStreams.hpp"

 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"

 #include "oops/klass.hpp"

 #include "oops/method.hpp"

 #include "oops/symbol.hpp"

 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.hpp"

 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.hpp"

 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"

 #include "runtime/java.hpp"

 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"

 #include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"

 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/vframe.hpp"

 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"

 PRAGMA_FORMAT_MUTE_WARNINGS_FOR_GCC

 #define INJECTED_FIELD_COMPUTE_OFFSET(klass, name, signature, may_be_java)    \

   klass::_##name##_offset = JavaClasses::compute_injected_offset(JavaClasses::klass##_##name##_enum);

 #define DECLARE_INJECTED_FIELD(klass, name, signature, may_be_java)           \

   { SystemDictionary::WK_KLASS_ENUM_NAME(klass), vmSymbols::VM_SYMBOL_ENUM_NAME(name##_name), vmSymbols::VM_SYMBOL_ENUM_NAME(signature), may_be_java },

 InjectedField JavaClasses::_injected_fields[] = {

   ALL_INJECTED_FIELDS(DECLARE_INJECTED_FIELD)

 };

 int JavaClasses::compute_injected_offset(InjectedFieldID id) {

   return _injected_fields[id].compute_offset();

 }

 InjectedField* JavaClasses::get_injected(Symbol* class_name, int* field_count) {

   *field_count = 0;

   vmSymbols::SID sid = vmSymbols::find_sid(class_name);

   if (sid == vmSymbols::NO_SID) {

     // Only well known classes can inject fields

     return NULL;

   }

   int count = 0;

   int start = -1;

 #define LOOKUP_INJECTED_FIELD(klass, name, signature, may_be_java) \

   if (sid == vmSymbols::VM_SYMBOL_ENUM_NAME(klass)) {              \

     count++;                                                       \

     if (start == -1) start = klass##_##name##_enum;                \

   }

   ALL_INJECTED_FIELDS(LOOKUP_INJECTED_FIELD);

 #undef LOOKUP_INJECTED_FIELD

   if (start != -1) {

     *field_count = count;

     return _injected_fields + start;

   }

   return NULL;

 }

 static bool find_field(InstanceKlass* ik,

                        Symbol* name_symbol, Symbol* signature_symbol,

                        fieldDescriptor* fd,

                        bool allow_super = false) {

   if (allow_super)

     return ik->find_field(name_symbol, signature_symbol, fd) != NULL;

   else

     return ik->find_local_field(name_symbol, signature_symbol, fd);

 }

 // Helpful routine for computing field offsets at run time rather than hardcoding them

 static void

 compute_offset(int &dest_offset,

                Klass* klass_oop, Symbol* name_symbol, Symbol* signature_symbol,

                bool allow_super = false) {

   fieldDescriptor fd;

   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass_oop);

   if (!find_field(ik, name_symbol, signature_symbol, &fd, allow_super)) {

     ResourceMark rm;

     tty->print_cr("Invalid layout of %s at %s", ik->external_name(), name_symbol->as_C_string());

 #ifndef PRODUCT

     klass_oop->print();

     tty->print_cr("all fields:");

     for (AllFieldStream fs(InstanceKlass::cast(klass_oop)); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {

       tty->print_cr("  name: %s, sig: %s, flags: %08x", fs.name()->as_C_string(), fs.signature()->as_C_string(), fs.access_flags().as_int());

     }

 #endif //PRODUCT

     fatal("Invalid layout of preloaded class");

   }

   dest_offset = fd.offset();

 }

 // Same as above but for "optional" offsets that might not be present in certain JDK versions

 static void

 compute_optional_offset(int& dest_offset,

                         Klass* klass_oop, Symbol* name_symbol, Symbol* signature_symbol,

                         bool allow_super = false) {

   fieldDescriptor fd;

   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass_oop);

   if (find_field(ik, name_symbol, signature_symbol, &fd, allow_super)) {

     dest_offset = fd.offset();

   }

 }

 int java_lang_String::value_offset  = 0;

 int java_lang_String::offset_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_String::count_offset  = 0;

 int java_lang_String::hash_offset   = 0;

 bool java_lang_String::initialized  = false;

 void java_lang_String::compute_offsets() {

   assert(!initialized, "offsets should be initialized only once");

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::String_klass();

   compute_offset(value_offset,           k, vmSymbols::value_name(),  vmSymbols::char_array_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(offset_offset, k, vmSymbols::offset_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(count_offset,  k, vmSymbols::count_name(),  vmSymbols::int_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(hash_offset,   k, vmSymbols::hash_name(),   vmSymbols::int_signature());

   initialized = true;

 }

 Handle java_lang_String::basic_create(int length, TRAPS) {

   assert(initialized, "Must be initialized");

   // Create the String object first, so there's a chance that the String

   // and the char array it points to end up in the same cache line.

   oop obj;

   obj = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::String_klass())->allocate_instance(CHECK_NH);

   // Create the char array.  The String object must be handlized here

   // because GC can happen as a result of the allocation attempt.

   Handle h_obj(THREAD, obj);

   typeArrayOop buffer;

     buffer = oopFactory::new_charArray(length, CHECK_NH);

   // Point the String at the char array

   obj = h_obj();

   set_value(obj, buffer);

   // No need to zero the offset, allocation zero'ed the entire String object

   assert(offset(obj) == 0, "initial String offset should be zero");

 //set_offset(obj, 0);

   set_count(obj, length);

   return h_obj;

 }

 Handle java_lang_String::create_from_unicode(jchar* unicode, int length, TRAPS) {

   Handle h_obj = basic_create(length, CHECK_NH);

   typeArrayOop buffer = value(h_obj());

   for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {

     buffer->char_at_put(index, unicode[index]);

   }

   return h_obj;

 }

 oop java_lang_String::create_oop_from_unicode(jchar* unicode, int length, TRAPS) {

   Handle h_obj = create_from_unicode(unicode, length, CHECK_0);

   return h_obj();

 }

 Handle java_lang_String::create_from_str(const char* utf8_str, TRAPS) {

   if (utf8_str == NULL) {

     return Handle();

   }

   int length = UTF8::unicode_length(utf8_str);

   Handle h_obj = basic_create(length, CHECK_NH);

   if (length > 0) {

     UTF8::convert_to_unicode(utf8_str, value(h_obj())->char_at_addr(0), length);

   }

   return h_obj;

 }

 oop java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str(const char* utf8_str, TRAPS) {

   Handle h_obj = create_from_str(utf8_str, CHECK_0);

   return h_obj();

 }

 Handle java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(Symbol* symbol, TRAPS) {

   int length = UTF8::unicode_length((char*)symbol->bytes(), symbol->utf8_length());

   Handle h_obj = basic_create(length, CHECK_NH);

   if (length > 0) {

     UTF8::convert_to_unicode((char*)symbol->bytes(), value(h_obj())->char_at_addr(0), length);

   }

   return h_obj;

 }

 // Converts a C string to a Java String based on current encoding

 Handle java_lang_String::create_from_platform_dependent_str(const char* str, TRAPS) {

   assert(str != NULL, "bad arguments");

   typedef jstring (*to_java_string_fn_t)(JNIEnv*, const char *);

   static to_java_string_fn_t _to_java_string_fn = NULL;

   if (_to_java_string_fn == NULL) {

     void *lib_handle = os::native_java_library();

     _to_java_string_fn = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(to_java_string_fn_t, os::dll_lookup(lib_handle, "NewStringPlatform"));

     if (_to_java_string_fn == NULL) {

       fatal("NewStringPlatform missing");

     }

   }

   jstring js = NULL;

   { JavaThread* thread = (JavaThread*)THREAD;

     assert(thread->is_Java_thread(), "must be java thread");

     HandleMark hm(thread);

     ThreadToNativeFromVM ttn(thread);

     js = (_to_java_string_fn)(thread->jni_environment(), str);

   }

   return Handle(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(js));

 }

 // Converts a Java String to a native C string that can be used for

 // native OS calls.

 char* java_lang_String::as_platform_dependent_str(Handle java_string, TRAPS) {

   typedef char* (*to_platform_string_fn_t)(JNIEnv*, jstring, bool*);

   static to_platform_string_fn_t _to_platform_string_fn = NULL;

   if (_to_platform_string_fn == NULL) {

     void *lib_handle = os::native_java_library();

     _to_platform_string_fn = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(to_platform_string_fn_t, os::dll_lookup(lib_handle, "GetStringPlatformChars"));

     if (_to_platform_string_fn == NULL) {

       fatal("GetStringPlatformChars missing");

     }

   }

   char *native_platform_string;

   { JavaThread* thread = (JavaThread*)THREAD;

     assert(thread->is_Java_thread(), "must be java thread");

     JNIEnv *env = thread->jni_environment();

     jstring js = (jstring) JNIHandles::make_local(env, java_string());

     bool is_copy;

     HandleMark hm(thread);

     ThreadToNativeFromVM ttn(thread);

     native_platform_string = (_to_platform_string_fn)(env, js, &is_copy);

     assert(is_copy == JNI_TRUE, "is_copy value changed");

     JNIHandles::destroy_local(js);

   }

   return native_platform_string;

 }

 Handle java_lang_String::char_converter(Handle java_string, jchar from_char, jchar to_char, TRAPS) {

   oop          obj    = java_string();

   // Typical usage is to convert all '/' to '.' in string.

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(obj);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(obj);

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(obj);

   // First check if any from_char exist

   int index; // Declared outside, used later

   for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {

     if (value->char_at(index + offset) == from_char) {

       break;

     }

   }

   if (index == length) {

     // No from_char, so do not copy.

     return java_string;

   }

   // Create new UNICODE buffer. Must handlize value because GC

   // may happen during String and char array creation.

   typeArrayHandle h_value(THREAD, value);

   Handle string = basic_create(length, CHECK_NH);

   typeArrayOop from_buffer = h_value();

   typeArrayOop to_buffer   = java_lang_String::value(string());

   // Copy contents

   for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {

     jchar c = from_buffer->char_at(index + offset);

     if (c == from_char) {

       c = to_char;

     }

     to_buffer->char_at_put(index, c);

   }

   return string;

 }

 jchar* java_lang_String::as_unicode_string(oop java_string, int& length, TRAPS) {

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);

                length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);

   jchar* result = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(jchar, length);

   if (result != NULL) {

     for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {

       result[index] = value->char_at(index + offset);

     }

   } else {

     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "could not allocate Unicode string");

   }

   return result;

 }

 unsigned int java_lang_String::hash_code(oop java_string) {

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);

   // Zero length string will hash to zero with String.hashCode() function.

   if (length == 0) return 0;

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);

   return java_lang_String::hash_code(value->char_at_addr(offset), length);

 }

 char* java_lang_String::as_quoted_ascii(oop java_string) {

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);

   jchar* base = (length == 0) ? NULL : value->char_at_addr(offset);

   if (base == NULL) return NULL;

   int result_length = UNICODE::quoted_ascii_length(base, length) + 1;

   char* result = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, result_length);

   UNICODE::as_quoted_ascii(base, length, result, result_length);

   assert(result_length >= length + 1, "must not be shorter");

   assert(result_length == (int)strlen(result) + 1, "must match");

   return result;

 }

 unsigned int java_lang_String::hash_string(oop java_string) {

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);

   // Zero length string doesn't hash necessarily hash to zero.

   if (length == 0) {

     return StringTable::hash_string(NULL, 0);

   }

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);

   return StringTable::hash_string(value->char_at_addr(offset), length);

 }

 Symbol* java_lang_String::as_symbol(Handle java_string, TRAPS) {

   oop          obj    = java_string();

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(obj);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(obj);

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(obj);

   jchar* base = (length == 0) ? NULL : value->char_at_addr(offset);

   Symbol* sym = SymbolTable::lookup_unicode(base, length, THREAD);

   return sym;

 }

 Symbol* java_lang_String::as_symbol_or_null(oop java_string) {

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);

   jchar* base = (length == 0) ? NULL : value->char_at_addr(offset);

   return SymbolTable::probe_unicode(base, length);

 }

 int java_lang_String::utf8_length(oop java_string) {

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);

   jchar* position = (length == 0) ? NULL : value->char_at_addr(offset);

   return UNICODE::utf8_length(position, length);

 }

 char* java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(oop java_string) {

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);

   jchar* position = (length == 0) ? NULL : value->char_at_addr(offset);

   return UNICODE::as_utf8(position, length);

 }

 char* java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(oop java_string, char* buf, int buflen) {

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);

   jchar* position = (length == 0) ? NULL : value->char_at_addr(offset);

   return UNICODE::as_utf8(position, length, buf, buflen);

 }

 char* java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(oop java_string, int start, int len) {

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);

   assert(start + len <= length, "just checking");

   jchar* position = value->char_at_addr(offset + start);

   return UNICODE::as_utf8(position, len);

 }

 bool java_lang_String::equals(oop java_string, jchar* chars, int len) {

   assert(java_string->klass() == SystemDictionary::String_klass(),

          "must be java_string");

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);

   if (length != len) {

     return false;

   }

   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {

     if (value->char_at(i + offset) != chars[i]) {

       return false;

     }

   }

   return true;

 }

 bool java_lang_String::equals(oop str1, oop str2) {

   assert(str1->klass() == SystemDictionary::String_klass(),

          "must be java String");

   assert(str2->klass() == SystemDictionary::String_klass(),

          "must be java String");

   typeArrayOop value1  = java_lang_String::value(str1);

   int          offset1 = java_lang_String::offset(str1);

   int          length1 = java_lang_String::length(str1);

   typeArrayOop value2  = java_lang_String::value(str2);

   int          offset2 = java_lang_String::offset(str2);

   int          length2 = java_lang_String::length(str2);

   if (length1 != length2) {

     return false;

   }

   for (int i = 0; i < length1; i++) {

     if (value1->char_at(i + offset1) != value2->char_at(i + offset2)) {

       return false;

     }

   }

   return true;

 }

 void java_lang_String::print(oop java_string, outputStream* st) {

   assert(java_string->klass() == SystemDictionary::String_klass(), "must be java_string");

   typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);

   int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);

   int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);

   int end = MIN2(length, 100);

   if (value == NULL) {

     // This can happen if, e.g., printing a String

     // object before its initializer has been called

     st->print_cr("NULL");

   } else {

     st->print("\"");

     for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {

       st->print("%c", value->char_at(index + offset));

     }

     st->print("\"");

   }

 }

 static void initialize_static_field(fieldDescriptor* fd, Handle mirror, TRAPS) {

   assert(mirror.not_null() && fd->is_static(), "just checking");

   if (fd->has_initial_value()) {

     BasicType t = fd->field_type();

     switch (t) {

       case T_BYTE:

         mirror()->byte_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->int_initial_value());

               break;

       case T_BOOLEAN:

         mirror()->bool_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->int_initial_value());

               break;

       case T_CHAR:

         mirror()->char_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->int_initial_value());

               break;

       case T_SHORT:

         mirror()->short_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->int_initial_value());

               break;

       case T_INT:

         mirror()->int_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->int_initial_value());

         break;

       case T_FLOAT:

         mirror()->float_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->float_initial_value());

         break;

       case T_DOUBLE:

         mirror()->double_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->double_initial_value());

         break;

       case T_LONG:

         mirror()->long_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->long_initial_value());

         break;

       case T_OBJECT:

         {

           #ifdef ASSERT

           TempNewSymbol sym = SymbolTable::new_symbol("Ljava/lang/String;", CHECK);

           assert(fd->signature() == sym, "just checking");

           #endif

           oop string = fd->string_initial_value(CHECK);

           mirror()->obj_field_put(fd->offset(), string);

         }

         break;

       default:

         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassFormatError(),

                   "Illegal ConstantValue attribute in class file");

     }

   }

 }

 void java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(KlassHandle k, TRAPS) {

   assert(InstanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields() != 0, "must have been computed already");

   // If the offset was read from the shared archive, it was fixed up already

   if (!k->is_shared()) {

     if (k->oop_is_instance()) {

       // During bootstrap, java.lang.Class wasn't loaded so static field

       // offsets were computed without the size added it.  Go back and

       // update all the static field offsets to included the size.

         for (JavaFieldStream fs(InstanceKlass::cast(k())); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {

         if (fs.access_flags().is_static()) {

           int real_offset = fs.offset() + InstanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields();

           fs.set_offset(real_offset);

         }

       }

     }

   }

   create_mirror(k, Handle(NULL), CHECK);

 }

 void java_lang_Class::initialize_mirror_fields(KlassHandle k,

                                                Handle mirror,

                                                Handle protection_domain,

                                                TRAPS) {

   // Allocate a simple java object for a lock.

   // This needs to be a java object because during class initialization

   // it can be held across a java call.

   typeArrayOop r = oopFactory::new_typeArray(T_INT, 0, CHECK);

   set_init_lock(mirror(), r);

   // Set protection domain also

   set_protection_domain(mirror(), protection_domain());

   // Initialize static fields

   InstanceKlass::cast(k())->do_local_static_fields(&initialize_static_field, mirror, CHECK);

 }

 void java_lang_Class::create_mirror(KlassHandle k, Handle protection_domain, TRAPS) {

   assert(k->java_mirror() == NULL, "should only assign mirror once");

   // Use this moment of initialization to cache modifier_flags also,

   // to support Class.getModifiers().  Instance classes recalculate

   // the cached flags after the class file is parsed, but before the

   // class is put into the system dictionary.

   int computed_modifiers = k->compute_modifier_flags(CHECK);

   k->set_modifier_flags(computed_modifiers);

   // Class_klass has to be loaded because it is used to allocate

   // the mirror.

   if (SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded()) {

     // Allocate mirror (java.lang.Class instance)

     Handle mirror = InstanceMirrorKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Class_klass())->allocate_instance(k, CHECK);

     // Setup indirection from mirror->klass

     if (!k.is_null()) {

       java_lang_Class::set_klass(mirror(), k());

     }

     InstanceMirrorKlass* mk = InstanceMirrorKlass::cast(mirror->klass());

     assert(oop_size(mirror()) == mk->instance_size(k), "should have been set");

     java_lang_Class::set_static_oop_field_count(mirror(), mk->compute_static_oop_field_count(mirror()));

     // It might also have a component mirror.  This mirror must already exist.

     if (k->oop_is_array()) {

       Handle comp_mirror;

       if (k->oop_is_typeArray()) {

         BasicType type = TypeArrayKlass::cast(k())->element_type();

         comp_mirror = Universe::java_mirror(type);

       } else {

         assert(k->oop_is_objArray(), "Must be");

         Klass* element_klass = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k())->element_klass();

         assert(element_klass != NULL, "Must have an element klass");

         comp_mirror = element_klass->java_mirror();

       }

       assert(comp_mirror.not_null(), "must have a mirror");

       // Two-way link between the array klass and its component mirror:

       ArrayKlass::cast(k())->set_component_mirror(comp_mirror());

       set_array_klass(comp_mirror(), k());

     } else {

       assert(k->oop_is_instance(), "Must be");

       initialize_mirror_fields(k, mirror, protection_domain, THREAD);

       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {

         // If any of the fields throws an exception like OOM remove the klass field

         // from the mirror so GC doesn't follow it after the klass has been deallocated.

         // This mirror looks like a primitive type, which logically it is because it

         // it represents no class.

         java_lang_Class::set_klass(mirror(), NULL);

         return;

       }

     }

     // Setup indirection from klass->mirror last

     // after any exceptions can happen during allocations.

     if (!k.is_null()) {

       k->set_java_mirror(mirror());

     }

   } else {

     if (fixup_mirror_list() == NULL) {

       GrowableArray<Klass*>* list =

        new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtClass) GrowableArray<Klass*>(40, true);

       set_fixup_mirror_list(list);

     }

     fixup_mirror_list()->push(k());

   }

 }

 int  java_lang_Class::oop_size(oop java_class) {

   assert(_oop_size_offset != 0, "must be set");

   return java_class->int_field(_oop_size_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_Class::set_oop_size(oop java_class, int size) {

   assert(_oop_size_offset != 0, "must be set");

   java_class->int_field_put(_oop_size_offset, size);

 }

 int  java_lang_Class::static_oop_field_count(oop java_class) {

   assert(_static_oop_field_count_offset != 0, "must be set");

   return java_class->int_field(_static_oop_field_count_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_Class::set_static_oop_field_count(oop java_class, int size) {

   assert(_static_oop_field_count_offset != 0, "must be set");

   java_class->int_field_put(_static_oop_field_count_offset, size);

 }

 oop java_lang_Class::protection_domain(oop java_class) {

   assert(_protection_domain_offset != 0, "must be set");

   return java_class->obj_field(_protection_domain_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_Class::set_protection_domain(oop java_class, oop pd) {

   assert(_protection_domain_offset != 0, "must be set");

   java_class->obj_field_put(_protection_domain_offset, pd);

 }

 oop java_lang_Class::init_lock(oop java_class) {

   assert(_init_lock_offset != 0, "must be set");

   return java_class->obj_field(_init_lock_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_Class::set_init_lock(oop java_class, oop init_lock) {

   assert(_init_lock_offset != 0, "must be set");

   java_class->obj_field_put(_init_lock_offset, init_lock);

 }

 objArrayOop java_lang_Class::signers(oop java_class) {

   assert(_signers_offset != 0, "must be set");

   return (objArrayOop)java_class->obj_field(_signers_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_Class::set_signers(oop java_class, objArrayOop signers) {

   assert(_signers_offset != 0, "must be set");

   java_class->obj_field_put(_signers_offset, (oop)signers);

 }

 oop java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror(const char* basic_type_name, BasicType type, TRAPS) {

   // This should be improved by adding a field at the Java level or by

   // introducing a new VM klass (see comment in ClassFileParser)

   oop java_class = InstanceMirrorKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Class_klass())->allocate_instance(NULL, CHECK_0);

   if (type != T_VOID) {

     Klass* aklass = Universe::typeArrayKlassObj(type);

     assert(aklass != NULL, "correct bootstrap");

     set_array_klass(java_class, aklass);

   }

 #ifdef ASSERT

   InstanceMirrorKlass* mk = InstanceMirrorKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Class_klass());

   assert(java_lang_Class::static_oop_field_count(java_class) == 0, "should have been zeroed by allocation");

 #endif

   return java_class;

 }

 Klass* java_lang_Class::as_Klass(oop java_class) {

   //%note memory_2

   assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");

   Klass* k = ((Klass*)java_class->metadata_field(_klass_offset));

   assert(k == NULL || k->is_klass(), "type check");

   return k;

 }

 void java_lang_Class::set_klass(oop java_class, Klass* klass) {

   assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");

   java_class->metadata_field_put(_klass_offset, klass);

 }

 void java_lang_Class::print_signature(oop java_class, outputStream* st) {

   assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");

   Symbol* name = NULL;

   bool is_instance = false;

   if (is_primitive(java_class)) {

     name = vmSymbols::type_signature(primitive_type(java_class));

   } else {

     Klass* k = as_Klass(java_class);

     is_instance = k->oop_is_instance();

     name = k->name();

   }

   if (name == NULL) {

     st->print("<null>");

     return;

   }

   if (is_instance)  st->print("L");

   st->write((char*) name->base(), (int) name->utf8_length());

   if (is_instance)  st->print(";");

 }

 Symbol* java_lang_Class::as_signature(oop java_class, bool intern_if_not_found, TRAPS) {

   assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");

   Symbol* name;

   if (is_primitive(java_class)) {

     name = vmSymbols::type_signature(primitive_type(java_class));

     // Because this can create a new symbol, the caller has to decrement

     // the refcount, so make adjustment here and below for symbols returned

     // that are not created or incremented due to a successful lookup.

     name->increment_refcount();

   } else {

     Klass* k = as_Klass(java_class);

     if (!k->oop_is_instance()) {

       name = k->name();

       name->increment_refcount();

     } else {

       ResourceMark rm;

       const char* sigstr = k->signature_name();

       int         siglen = (int) strlen(sigstr);

       if (!intern_if_not_found) {

         name = SymbolTable::probe(sigstr, siglen);

       } else {

         name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(sigstr, siglen, THREAD);

       }

     }

   }

   return name;

 }

 Klass* java_lang_Class::array_klass(oop java_class) {

   Klass* k = ((Klass*)java_class->metadata_field(_array_klass_offset));

   assert(k == NULL || k->is_klass() && k->oop_is_array(), "should be array klass");

   return k;

 }

 void java_lang_Class::set_array_klass(oop java_class, Klass* klass) {

   assert(klass->is_klass() && klass->oop_is_array(), "should be array klass");

   java_class->metadata_field_put(_array_klass_offset, klass);

 }

 bool java_lang_Class::is_primitive(oop java_class) {

   // should assert:

   //assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");

   bool is_primitive = (java_class->metadata_field(_klass_offset) == NULL);

 #ifdef ASSERT

   if (is_primitive) {

     Klass* k = ((Klass*)java_class->metadata_field(_array_klass_offset));

     assert(k == NULL || is_java_primitive(ArrayKlass::cast(k)->element_type()),

         "Should be either the T_VOID primitive or a java primitive");

   }

 #endif

   return is_primitive;

 }

 BasicType java_lang_Class::primitive_type(oop java_class) {

   assert(java_lang_Class::is_primitive(java_class), "just checking");

   Klass* ak = ((Klass*)java_class->metadata_field(_array_klass_offset));

   BasicType type = T_VOID;

   if (ak != NULL) {

     // Note: create_basic_type_mirror above initializes ak to a non-null value.

     type = ArrayKlass::cast(ak)->element_type();

   } else {

     assert(java_class == Universe::void_mirror(), "only valid non-array primitive");

   }

   assert(Universe::java_mirror(type) == java_class, "must be consistent");

   return type;

 }

 BasicType java_lang_Class::as_BasicType(oop java_class, Klass** reference_klass) {

   assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");

   if (is_primitive(java_class)) {

     if (reference_klass != NULL)

       (*reference_klass) = NULL;

     return primitive_type(java_class);

   } else {

     if (reference_klass != NULL)

       (*reference_klass) = as_Klass(java_class);

     return T_OBJECT;

   }

 }

 oop java_lang_Class::primitive_mirror(BasicType t) {

   oop mirror = Universe::java_mirror(t);

   assert(mirror != NULL && mirror->is_a(SystemDictionary::Class_klass()), "must be a Class");

   assert(java_lang_Class::is_primitive(mirror), "must be primitive");

   return mirror;

 }

 bool java_lang_Class::offsets_computed = false;

 int  java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount_offset = -1;

 void java_lang_Class::compute_offsets() {

   assert(!offsets_computed, "offsets should be initialized only once");

   offsets_computed = true;

   Klass* klass_oop = SystemDictionary::Class_klass();

   // The classRedefinedCount field is only present starting in 1.5,

   // so don't go fatal.

   compute_optional_offset(classRedefinedCount_offset,

                           klass_oop, vmSymbols::classRedefinedCount_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature());

   CLASS_INJECTED_FIELDS(INJECTED_FIELD_COMPUTE_OFFSET);

 }

 int java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount(oop the_class_mirror) {

   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk15x_version()

       || classRedefinedCount_offset == -1) {

     // The classRedefinedCount field is only present starting in 1.5.

     // If we don't have an offset for it then just return -1 as a marker.

     return -1;

   }

   return the_class_mirror->int_field(classRedefinedCount_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_Class::set_classRedefinedCount(oop the_class_mirror, int value) {

   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk15x_version()

       || classRedefinedCount_offset == -1) {

     // The classRedefinedCount field is only present starting in 1.5.

     // If we don't have an offset for it then nothing to set.

     return;

   }

   the_class_mirror->int_field_put(classRedefinedCount_offset, value);

 }

 // Note: JDK1.1 and before had a privateInfo_offset field which was used for the

 //       platform thread structure, and a eetop offset which was used for thread

 //       local storage (and unused by the HotSpot VM). In JDK1.2 the two structures

 //       merged, so in the HotSpot VM we just use the eetop field for the thread

 //       instead of the privateInfo_offset.

 //

 // Note: The stackSize field is only present starting in 1.4.

 int java_lang_Thread::_name_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_group_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_contextClassLoader_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_inheritedAccessControlContext_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_priority_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_eetop_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_daemon_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_stillborn_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_stackSize_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_tid_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_thread_status_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_park_blocker_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_Thread::_park_event_offset = 0 ;

 void java_lang_Thread::compute_offsets() {

   assert(_group_offset == 0, "offsets should be initialized only once");

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::Thread_klass();

   compute_offset(_name_offset,      k, vmSymbols::name_name(),      vmSymbols::char_array_signature());

   compute_offset(_group_offset,     k, vmSymbols::group_name(),     vmSymbols::threadgroup_signature());

   compute_offset(_contextClassLoader_offset, k, vmSymbols::contextClassLoader_name(), vmSymbols::classloader_signature());

   compute_offset(_inheritedAccessControlContext_offset, k, vmSymbols::inheritedAccessControlContext_name(), vmSymbols::accesscontrolcontext_signature());

   compute_offset(_priority_offset,  k, vmSymbols::priority_name(),  vmSymbols::int_signature());

   compute_offset(_daemon_offset,    k, vmSymbols::daemon_name(),    vmSymbols::bool_signature());

   compute_offset(_eetop_offset,     k, vmSymbols::eetop_name(),     vmSymbols::long_signature());

   compute_offset(_stillborn_offset, k, vmSymbols::stillborn_name(), vmSymbols::bool_signature());

   // The stackSize field is only present starting in 1.4, so don't go fatal.

   compute_optional_offset(_stackSize_offset, k, vmSymbols::stackSize_name(), vmSymbols::long_signature());

   // The tid and thread_status fields are only present starting in 1.5, so don't go fatal.

   compute_optional_offset(_tid_offset, k, vmSymbols::thread_id_name(), vmSymbols::long_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(_thread_status_offset, k, vmSymbols::thread_status_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature());

   // The parkBlocker field is only present starting in 1.6, so don't go fatal.

   compute_optional_offset(_park_blocker_offset, k, vmSymbols::park_blocker_name(), vmSymbols::object_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(_park_event_offset, k, vmSymbols::park_event_name(),

  vmSymbols::long_signature());

 }

 JavaThread* java_lang_Thread::thread(oop java_thread) {

   return (JavaThread*)java_thread->address_field(_eetop_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_Thread::set_thread(oop java_thread, JavaThread* thread) {

   java_thread->address_field_put(_eetop_offset, (address)thread);

 }

 typeArrayOop java_lang_Thread::name(oop java_thread) {

   oop name = java_thread->obj_field(_name_offset);

   assert(name == NULL || (name->is_typeArray() && TypeArrayKlass::cast(name->klass())->element_type() == T_CHAR), "just checking");

   return typeArrayOop(name);

 }

 void java_lang_Thread::set_name(oop java_thread, typeArrayOop name) {

   assert(java_thread->obj_field(_name_offset) == NULL, "name should be NULL");

   java_thread->obj_field_put(_name_offset, name);

 }

 ThreadPriority java_lang_Thread::priority(oop java_thread) {

   return (ThreadPriority)java_thread->int_field(_priority_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_Thread::set_priority(oop java_thread, ThreadPriority priority) {

   java_thread->int_field_put(_priority_offset, priority);

 }

 oop java_lang_Thread::threadGroup(oop java_thread) {

   return java_thread->obj_field(_group_offset);

 }

 bool java_lang_Thread::is_stillborn(oop java_thread) {

   return java_thread->bool_field(_stillborn_offset) != 0;

 }

 // We never have reason to turn the stillborn bit off

 void java_lang_Thread::set_stillborn(oop java_thread) {

   java_thread->bool_field_put(_stillborn_offset, true);

 }

 bool java_lang_Thread::is_alive(oop java_thread) {

   JavaThread* thr = java_lang_Thread::thread(java_thread);

   return (thr != NULL);

 }

 bool java_lang_Thread::is_daemon(oop java_thread) {

   return java_thread->bool_field(_daemon_offset) != 0;

 }

 void java_lang_Thread::set_daemon(oop java_thread) {

   java_thread->bool_field_put(_daemon_offset, true);

 }

 oop java_lang_Thread::context_class_loader(oop java_thread) {

   return java_thread->obj_field(_contextClassLoader_offset);

 }

 oop java_lang_Thread::inherited_access_control_context(oop java_thread) {

   return java_thread->obj_field(_inheritedAccessControlContext_offset);

 }

 jlong java_lang_Thread::stackSize(oop java_thread) {

   // The stackSize field is only present starting in 1.4

   if (_stackSize_offset > 0) {

     assert(JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk14x_version(), "sanity check");

     return java_thread->long_field(_stackSize_offset);

   } else {

     return 0;

   }

 }

 // Write the thread status value to threadStatus field in java.lang.Thread java class.

 void java_lang_Thread::set_thread_status(oop java_thread,

                                          java_lang_Thread::ThreadStatus status) {

   // The threadStatus is only present starting in 1.5

   if (_thread_status_offset > 0) {

     java_thread->int_field_put(_thread_status_offset, status);

   }

 }

 // Read thread status value from threadStatus field in java.lang.Thread java class.

 java_lang_Thread::ThreadStatus java_lang_Thread::get_thread_status(oop java_thread) {

   assert(Thread::current()->is_Watcher_thread() || Thread::current()->is_VM_thread() ||

          JavaThread::current()->thread_state() == _thread_in_vm,

          "Java Thread is not running in vm");

   // The threadStatus is only present starting in 1.5

   if (_thread_status_offset > 0) {

     return (java_lang_Thread::ThreadStatus)java_thread->int_field(_thread_status_offset);

   } else {

     // All we can easily figure out is if it is alive, but that is

     // enough info for a valid unknown status.

     // These aren't restricted to valid set ThreadStatus values, so

     // use JVMTI values and cast.

     JavaThread* thr = java_lang_Thread::thread(java_thread);

     if (thr == NULL) {

       // the thread hasn't run yet or is in the process of exiting

       return NEW;

     }

     return (java_lang_Thread::ThreadStatus)JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_ALIVE;

   }

 }

 jlong java_lang_Thread::thread_id(oop java_thread) {

   // The thread ID field is only present starting in 1.5

   if (_tid_offset > 0) {

     return java_thread->long_field(_tid_offset);

   } else {

     return 0;

   }

 }

 oop java_lang_Thread::park_blocker(oop java_thread) {

   assert(JDK_Version::current().supports_thread_park_blocker() &&

          _park_blocker_offset != 0, "Must support parkBlocker field");

   if (_park_blocker_offset > 0) {

     return java_thread->obj_field(_park_blocker_offset);

   }

   return NULL;

 }

 jlong java_lang_Thread::park_event(oop java_thread) {

   if (_park_event_offset > 0) {

     return java_thread->long_field(_park_event_offset);

   }

   return 0;

 }

 bool java_lang_Thread::set_park_event(oop java_thread, jlong ptr) {

   if (_park_event_offset > 0) {

     java_thread->long_field_put(_park_event_offset, ptr);

     return true;

   }

   return false;

 }

 const char* java_lang_Thread::thread_status_name(oop java_thread) {

   assert(JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk15x_version() && _thread_status_offset != 0, "Must have thread status");

   ThreadStatus status = (java_lang_Thread::ThreadStatus)java_thread->int_field(_thread_status_offset);

   switch (status) {

     case NEW                      : return "NEW";

     case RUNNABLE                 : return "RUNNABLE";

     case SLEEPING                 : return "TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)";

     case IN_OBJECT_WAIT           : return "WAITING (on object monitor)";

     case IN_OBJECT_WAIT_TIMED     : return "TIMED_WAITING (on object monitor)";

     case PARKED                   : return "WAITING (parking)";

     case PARKED_TIMED             : return "TIMED_WAITING (parking)";

     case BLOCKED_ON_MONITOR_ENTER : return "BLOCKED (on object monitor)";

     case TERMINATED               : return "TERMINATED";

     default                       : return "UNKNOWN";

   };

 }

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_parent_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_name_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_threads_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_groups_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_maxPriority_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_destroyed_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_daemon_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_vmAllowSuspension_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_nthreads_offset = 0;

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_ngroups_offset = 0;

 oop  java_lang_ThreadGroup::parent(oop java_thread_group) {

   assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");

   return java_thread_group->obj_field(_parent_offset);

 }

 // ("name as oop" accessor is not necessary)

 typeArrayOop java_lang_ThreadGroup::name(oop java_thread_group) {

   oop name = java_thread_group->obj_field(_name_offset);

   // ThreadGroup.name can be null

   return name == NULL ? (typeArrayOop)NULL : java_lang_String::value(name);

 }

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::nthreads(oop java_thread_group) {

   assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");

   return java_thread_group->int_field(_nthreads_offset);

 }

 objArrayOop java_lang_ThreadGroup::threads(oop java_thread_group) {

   oop threads = java_thread_group->obj_field(_threads_offset);

   assert(threads != NULL, "threadgroups should have threads");

   assert(threads->is_objArray(), "just checking"); // Todo: Add better type checking code

   return objArrayOop(threads);

 }

 int java_lang_ThreadGroup::ngroups(oop java_thread_group) {

   assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");

   return java_thread_group->int_field(_ngroups_offset);

 }

 objArrayOop java_lang_ThreadGroup::groups(oop java_thread_group) {

   oop groups = java_thread_group->obj_field(_groups_offset);

   assert(groups == NULL || groups->is_objArray(), "just checking"); // Todo: Add better type checking code

   return objArrayOop(groups);

 }

 ThreadPriority java_lang_ThreadGroup::maxPriority(oop java_thread_group) {

   assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");

   return (ThreadPriority) java_thread_group->int_field(_maxPriority_offset);

 }

 bool java_lang_ThreadGroup::is_destroyed(oop java_thread_group) {

   assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");

   return java_thread_group->bool_field(_destroyed_offset) != 0;

 }

 bool java_lang_ThreadGroup::is_daemon(oop java_thread_group) {

   assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");

   return java_thread_group->bool_field(_daemon_offset) != 0;

 }

 bool java_lang_ThreadGroup::is_vmAllowSuspension(oop java_thread_group) {

   assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");

   return java_thread_group->bool_field(_vmAllowSuspension_offset) != 0;

 }

 void java_lang_ThreadGroup::compute_offsets() {

   assert(_parent_offset == 0, "offsets should be initialized only once");

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::ThreadGroup_klass();

   compute_offset(_parent_offset,      k, vmSymbols::parent_name(),      vmSymbols::threadgroup_signature());

   compute_offset(_name_offset,        k, vmSymbols::name_name(),        vmSymbols::string_signature());

   compute_offset(_threads_offset,     k, vmSymbols::threads_name(),     vmSymbols::thread_array_signature());

   compute_offset(_groups_offset,      k, vmSymbols::groups_name(),      vmSymbols::threadgroup_array_signature());

   compute_offset(_maxPriority_offset, k, vmSymbols::maxPriority_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature());

   compute_offset(_destroyed_offset,   k, vmSymbols::destroyed_name(),   vmSymbols::bool_signature());

   compute_offset(_daemon_offset,      k, vmSymbols::daemon_name(),      vmSymbols::bool_signature());

   compute_offset(_vmAllowSuspension_offset, k, vmSymbols::vmAllowSuspension_name(), vmSymbols::bool_signature());

   compute_offset(_nthreads_offset,    k, vmSymbols::nthreads_name(),    vmSymbols::int_signature());

   compute_offset(_ngroups_offset,     k, vmSymbols::ngroups_name(),     vmSymbols::int_signature());

 }

 oop java_lang_Throwable::unassigned_stacktrace() {

   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass());

   address addr = ik->static_field_addr(static_unassigned_stacktrace_offset);

   if (UseCompressedOops) {

     return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((narrowOop *)addr);

   } else {

     return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((oop*)addr);

   }

 }

 oop java_lang_Throwable::backtrace(oop throwable) {

   return throwable->obj_field_acquire(backtrace_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::set_backtrace(oop throwable, oop value) {

   throwable->release_obj_field_put(backtrace_offset, value);

 }

 oop java_lang_Throwable::message(oop throwable) {

   return throwable->obj_field(detailMessage_offset);

 }

 oop java_lang_Throwable::message(Handle throwable) {

   return throwable->obj_field(detailMessage_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oop throwable, oop value) {

   throwable->obj_field_put(detailMessage_offset, value);

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::set_stacktrace(oop throwable, oop st_element_array) {

   throwable->obj_field_put(stackTrace_offset, st_element_array);

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::clear_stacktrace(oop throwable) {

   assert(JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk14x_version(), "should only be called in >= 1.4");

   set_stacktrace(throwable, NULL);

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::print(oop throwable, outputStream* st) {

   ResourceMark rm;

   Klass* k = throwable->klass();

   assert(k != NULL, "just checking");

   st->print("%s", InstanceKlass::cast(k)->external_name());

   oop msg = message(throwable);

   if (msg != NULL) {

     st->print(": %s", java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(msg));

   }

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::print(Handle throwable, outputStream* st) {

   ResourceMark rm;

   Klass* k = throwable->klass();

   assert(k != NULL, "just checking");

   st->print("%s", InstanceKlass::cast(k)->external_name());

   oop msg = message(throwable);

   if (msg != NULL) {

     st->print(": %s", java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(msg));

   }

 }

 // After this many redefines, the stack trace is unreliable.

 const int MAX_VERSION = USHRT_MAX;

 // Helper backtrace functions to store bci|version together.

 static inline int merge_bci_and_version(int bci, int version) {

   // only store u2 for version, checking for overflow.

   if (version > USHRT_MAX || version < 0) version = MAX_VERSION;

   assert((jushort)bci == bci, "bci should be short");

   return build_int_from_shorts(version, bci);

 }

 static inline int bci_at(unsigned int merged) {

   return extract_high_short_from_int(merged);

 }

 static inline int version_at(unsigned int merged) {

   return extract_low_short_from_int(merged);

 }

 static inline bool version_matches(Method* method, int version) {

   return (method->constants()->version() == version && version < MAX_VERSION);

 }

 static inline int get_line_number(Method* method, int bci) {

   int line_number = 0;

   if (method->is_native()) {

     // Negative value different from -1 below, enabling Java code in

     // class java.lang.StackTraceElement to distinguish "native" from

     // "no LineNumberTable".  JDK tests for -2.

     line_number = -2;

   } else {

     // Returns -1 if no LineNumberTable, and otherwise actual line number

     line_number = method->line_number_from_bci(bci);

     if (line_number == -1 && ShowHiddenFrames) {

       line_number = bci + 1000000;

     }

   }

   return line_number;

 }

 // This class provides a simple wrapper over the internal structure of

 // exception backtrace to insulate users of the backtrace from needing

 // to know what it looks like.

 class BacktraceBuilder: public StackObj {

  private:

   Handle          _backtrace;

   objArrayOop     _head;

   typeArrayOop    _methods;

   typeArrayOop    _bcis;

   objArrayOop     _mirrors;

   int             _index;

   No_Safepoint_Verifier _nsv;

  public:

   enum {

     trace_methods_offset = java_lang_Throwable::trace_methods_offset,

     trace_bcis_offset = java_lang_Throwable::trace_bcis_offset,

     trace_mirrors_offset = java_lang_Throwable::trace_mirrors_offset,

     trace_next_offset    = java_lang_Throwable::trace_next_offset,

     trace_size           = java_lang_Throwable::trace_size,

     trace_chunk_size     = java_lang_Throwable::trace_chunk_size

   };

   // get info out of chunks

   static typeArrayOop get_methods(objArrayHandle chunk) {

     typeArrayOop methods = typeArrayOop(chunk->obj_at(trace_methods_offset));

     assert(methods != NULL, "method array should be initialized in backtrace");

     return methods;

   }

   static typeArrayOop get_bcis(objArrayHandle chunk) {

     typeArrayOop bcis = typeArrayOop(chunk->obj_at(trace_bcis_offset));

     assert(bcis != NULL, "bci array should be initialized in backtrace");

     return bcis;

   }

   static objArrayOop get_mirrors(objArrayHandle chunk) {

     objArrayOop mirrors = objArrayOop(chunk->obj_at(trace_mirrors_offset));

     assert(mirrors != NULL, "mirror array should be initialized in backtrace");

     return mirrors;

   }

   // constructor for new backtrace

   BacktraceBuilder(TRAPS): _methods(NULL), _bcis(NULL), _head(NULL), _mirrors(NULL) {

     expand(CHECK);

     _backtrace = _head;

     _index = 0;

   }

   BacktraceBuilder(objArrayHandle backtrace) {

     _methods = get_methods(backtrace);

     _bcis = get_bcis(backtrace);

     _mirrors = get_mirrors(backtrace);

     assert(_methods->length() == _bcis->length() &&

            _methods->length() == _mirrors->length(),

            "method and source information arrays should match");

     // head is the preallocated backtrace

     _backtrace = _head = backtrace();

     _index = 0;

   }

   void expand(TRAPS) {

     objArrayHandle old_head(THREAD, _head);

     Pause_No_Safepoint_Verifier pnsv(&_nsv);

     objArrayOop head = oopFactory::new_objectArray(trace_size, CHECK);

     objArrayHandle new_head(THREAD, head);

     typeArrayOop methods = oopFactory::new_shortArray(trace_chunk_size, CHECK);

     typeArrayHandle new_methods(THREAD, methods);

     typeArrayOop bcis = oopFactory::new_intArray(trace_chunk_size, CHECK);

     typeArrayHandle new_bcis(THREAD, bcis);

     objArrayOop mirrors = oopFactory::new_objectArray(trace_chunk_size, CHECK);

     objArrayHandle new_mirrors(THREAD, mirrors);

     if (!old_head.is_null()) {

       old_head->obj_at_put(trace_next_offset, new_head());

     }

     new_head->obj_at_put(trace_methods_offset, new_methods());

     new_head->obj_at_put(trace_bcis_offset, new_bcis());

     new_head->obj_at_put(trace_mirrors_offset, new_mirrors());

     _head    = new_head();

     _methods = new_methods();

     _bcis = new_bcis();

     _mirrors = new_mirrors();

     _index = 0;

   }

   oop backtrace() {

     return _backtrace();

   }

   inline void push(Method* method, int bci, TRAPS) {

     // Smear the -1 bci to 0 since the array only holds unsigned

     // shorts.  The later line number lookup would just smear the -1

     // to a 0 even if it could be recorded.

     if (bci == SynchronizationEntryBCI) bci = 0;

     if (_index >= trace_chunk_size) {

       methodHandle mhandle(THREAD, method);

       expand(CHECK);

       method = mhandle();

     }

     _methods->short_at_put(_index, method->method_idnum());

     _bcis->int_at_put(_index, merge_bci_and_version(bci, method->constants()->version()));

     // We need to save the mirrors in the backtrace to keep the class

     // from being unloaded while we still have this stack trace.

     assert(method->method_holder()->java_mirror() != NULL, "never push null for mirror");

     _mirrors->obj_at_put(_index, method->method_holder()->java_mirror());

     _index++;

   }

 };

 // Print stack trace element to resource allocated buffer

 char* java_lang_Throwable::print_stack_element_to_buffer(Handle mirror,

                                   int method_id, int version, int bci) {

   // Get strings and string lengths

   InstanceKlass* holder = InstanceKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror()));

   const char* klass_name  = holder->external_name();

   int buf_len = (int)strlen(klass_name);

   // The method id may point to an obsolete method, can't get more stack information

   Method* method = holder->method_with_idnum(method_id);

   if (method == NULL) {

     char* buf = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, buf_len + 64);

     // This is what the java code prints in this case - added Redefined

     sprintf(buf, "\tat %s.null (Redefined)", klass_name);

     return buf;

   }

   char* method_name = method->name()->as_C_string();

   buf_len += (int)strlen(method_name);

   char* source_file_name = NULL;

   if (version_matches(method, version)) {

     Symbol* source = holder->source_file_name();

     if (source != NULL) {

       source_file_name = source->as_C_string();

       buf_len += (int)strlen(source_file_name);

     }

   }

   // Allocate temporary buffer with extra space for formatting and line number

   char* buf = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, buf_len + 64);

   // Print stack trace line in buffer

   sprintf(buf, "\tat %s.%s", klass_name, method_name);

   if (!version_matches(method, version)) {

     strcat(buf, "(Redefined)");

   } else {

     int line_number = get_line_number(method, bci);

     if (line_number == -2) {

       strcat(buf, "(Native Method)");

     } else {

       if (source_file_name != NULL && (line_number != -1)) {

         // Sourcename and linenumber

         sprintf(buf + (int)strlen(buf), "(%s:%d)", source_file_name, line_number);

       } else if (source_file_name != NULL) {

         // Just sourcename

         sprintf(buf + (int)strlen(buf), "(%s)", source_file_name);

       } else {

         // Neither sourcename nor linenumber

         sprintf(buf + (int)strlen(buf), "(Unknown Source)");

       }

       nmethod* nm = method->code();

       if (WizardMode && nm != NULL) {

         sprintf(buf + (int)strlen(buf), "(nmethod " INTPTR_FORMAT ")", (intptr_t)nm);

       }

     }

   }

   return buf;

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::print_stack_element(outputStream *st, Handle mirror,

                                               int method_id, int version, int bci) {

   ResourceMark rm;

   char* buf = print_stack_element_to_buffer(mirror, method_id, version, bci);

   st->print_cr("%s", buf);

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::print_stack_element(outputStream *st, methodHandle method, int bci) {

   Handle mirror = method->method_holder()->java_mirror();

   int method_id = method->method_idnum();

   int version = method->constants()->version();

   print_stack_element(st, mirror, method_id, version, bci);

 }

 const char* java_lang_Throwable::no_stack_trace_message() {

   return "\t<<no stack trace available>>";

 }

 // Currently used only for exceptions occurring during startup

 void java_lang_Throwable::print_stack_trace(oop throwable, outputStream* st) {

   Thread *THREAD = Thread::current();

   Handle h_throwable(THREAD, throwable);

   while (h_throwable.not_null()) {

     objArrayHandle result (THREAD, objArrayOop(backtrace(h_throwable())));

     if (result.is_null()) {

       st->print_cr("%s", no_stack_trace_message());

       return;

     }

     while (result.not_null()) {

       // Get method id, bci, version and mirror from chunk

       typeArrayHandle methods (THREAD, BacktraceBuilder::get_methods(result));

       typeArrayHandle bcis (THREAD, BacktraceBuilder::get_bcis(result));

       objArrayHandle mirrors (THREAD, BacktraceBuilder::get_mirrors(result));

       int length = methods()->length();

       for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {

         Handle mirror(THREAD, mirrors->obj_at(index));

         // NULL mirror means end of stack trace

         if (mirror.is_null()) goto handle_cause;

         int method = methods->short_at(index);

         int version = version_at(bcis->int_at(index));

         int bci = bci_at(bcis->int_at(index));

         print_stack_element(st, mirror, method, version, bci);

       }

       result = objArrayHandle(THREAD, objArrayOop(result->obj_at(trace_next_offset)));

     }

   handle_cause:

     {

       EXCEPTION_MARK;

       JavaValue cause(T_OBJECT);

       JavaCalls::call_virtual(&cause,

                               h_throwable,

                               KlassHandle(THREAD, h_throwable->klass()),

                               vmSymbols::getCause_name(),

                               vmSymbols::void_throwable_signature(),

                               THREAD);

       // Ignore any exceptions. we are in the middle of exception handling. Same as classic VM.

       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {

         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;

         h_throwable = Handle();

       } else {

         h_throwable = Handle(THREAD, (oop) cause.get_jobject());

         if (h_throwable.not_null()) {

           st->print("Caused by: ");

           print(h_throwable, st);

           st->cr();

         }

       }

     }

   }

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable, methodHandle method, TRAPS) {

   if (!StackTraceInThrowable) return;

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   // Start out by clearing the backtrace for this object, in case the VM

   // runs out of memory while allocating the stack trace

   set_backtrace(throwable(), NULL);

   if (JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk14x_version()) {

     // New since 1.4, clear lazily constructed Java level stacktrace if

     // refilling occurs

     // This is unnecessary in 1.7+ but harmless

     clear_stacktrace(throwable());

   }

   int max_depth = MaxJavaStackTraceDepth;

   JavaThread* thread = (JavaThread*)THREAD;

   BacktraceBuilder bt(CHECK);

   // If there is no Java frame just return the method that was being called

   // with bci 0

   if (!thread->has_last_Java_frame()) {

     if (max_depth >= 1 && method() != NULL) {

       bt.push(method(), 0, CHECK);

       set_backtrace(throwable(), bt.backtrace());

     }

     return;

   }

   // Instead of using vframe directly, this version of fill_in_stack_trace

   // basically handles everything by hand. This significantly improved the

   // speed of this method call up to 28.5% on Solaris sparc. 27.1% on Windows.

   // See bug 6333838 for  more details.

   // The "ASSERT" here is to verify this method generates the exactly same stack

   // trace as utilizing vframe.

 #ifdef ASSERT

   vframeStream st(thread);

   methodHandle st_method(THREAD, st.method());

 #endif

   int total_count = 0;

   RegisterMap map(thread, false);

   int decode_offset = 0;

   nmethod* nm = NULL;

   bool skip_fillInStackTrace_check = false;

   bool skip_throwableInit_check = false;

   bool skip_hidden = !ShowHiddenFrames;

   for (frame fr = thread->last_frame(); max_depth != total_count;) {

     Method* method = NULL;

     int bci = 0;

     // Compiled java method case.

     if (decode_offset != 0) {

       DebugInfoReadStream stream(nm, decode_offset);

       decode_offset = stream.read_int();

       method = (Method*)nm->metadata_at(stream.read_int());

       bci = stream.read_bci();

     } else {

       if (fr.is_first_frame()) break;

       address pc = fr.pc();

       if (fr.is_interpreted_frame()) {

         intptr_t bcx = fr.interpreter_frame_bcx();

         method = fr.interpreter_frame_method();

         bci =  fr.is_bci(bcx) ? bcx : method->bci_from((address)bcx);

         fr = fr.sender(&map);

       } else {

         CodeBlob* cb = fr.cb();

         // HMMM QQQ might be nice to have frame return nm as NULL if cb is non-NULL

         // but non nmethod

         fr = fr.sender(&map);

         if (cb == NULL || !cb->is_nmethod()) {

           continue;

         }

         nm = (nmethod*)cb;

         if (nm->method()->is_native()) {

           method = nm->method();

           bci = 0;

         } else {

           PcDesc* pd = nm->pc_desc_at(pc);

           decode_offset = pd->scope_decode_offset();

           // if decode_offset is not equal to 0, it will execute the

           // "compiled java method case" at the beginning of the loop.

           continue;

         }

       }

     }

 #ifdef ASSERT

     assert(st_method() == method && st.bci() == bci,

            "Wrong stack trace");

     st.next();

     // vframeStream::method isn't GC-safe so store off a copy

     // of the Method* in case we GC.

     if (!st.at_end()) {

       st_method = st.method();

     }

 #endif

     // the format of the stacktrace will be:

     // - 1 or more fillInStackTrace frames for the exception class (skipped)

     // - 0 or more <init> methods for the exception class (skipped)

     // - rest of the stack

     if (!skip_fillInStackTrace_check) {

       if ((method->name() == vmSymbols::fillInStackTrace_name() ||

            method->name() == vmSymbols::fillInStackTrace0_name()) &&

           throwable->is_a(method->method_holder())) {

         continue;

       }

       else {

         skip_fillInStackTrace_check = true; // gone past them all

       }

     }

     if (!skip_throwableInit_check) {

       assert(skip_fillInStackTrace_check, "logic error in backtrace filtering");

       // skip <init> methods of the exception class and superclasses

       // This is simlar to classic VM.

       if (method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name() &&

           throwable->is_a(method->method_holder())) {

         continue;

       } else {

         // there are none or we've seen them all - either way stop checking

         skip_throwableInit_check = true;

       }

     }

     if (method->is_hidden()) {

       if (skip_hidden)  continue;

     }

     bt.push(method, bci, CHECK);

     total_count++;

   }

   // Put completed stack trace into throwable object

   set_backtrace(throwable(), bt.backtrace());

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable, methodHandle method) {

   // No-op if stack trace is disabled

   if (!StackTraceInThrowable) {

     return;

   }

   // Disable stack traces for some preallocated out of memory errors

   if (!Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(throwable)) {

     return;

   }

   PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;

   JavaThread* thread = JavaThread::active();

   fill_in_stack_trace(throwable, method, thread);

   // ignore exceptions thrown during stack trace filling

   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(Handle throwable, TRAPS) {

   // Allocate stack trace - backtrace is created but not filled in

   // No-op if stack trace is disabled

   if (!StackTraceInThrowable) return;

   BacktraceBuilder bt(CHECK);   // creates a backtrace

   set_backtrace(throwable(), bt.backtrace());

 }

 void java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(Handle throwable) {

   // Fill in stack trace into preallocated backtrace (no GC)

   // No-op if stack trace is disabled

   if (!StackTraceInThrowable) return;

   assert(throwable->is_a(SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass()), "sanity check");

   JavaThread* THREAD = JavaThread::current();

   objArrayHandle backtrace (THREAD, (objArrayOop)java_lang_Throwable::backtrace(throwable()));

   assert(backtrace.not_null(), "backtrace should have been preallocated");

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   vframeStream st(THREAD);

   BacktraceBuilder bt(backtrace);

   // Unlike fill_in_stack_trace we do not skip fillInStackTrace or throwable init

   // methods as preallocated errors aren't created by "java" code.

   // fill in as much stack trace as possible

   typeArrayOop methods = BacktraceBuilder::get_methods(backtrace);

   int max_chunks = MIN2(methods->length(), (int)MaxJavaStackTraceDepth);

   int chunk_count = 0;

   for (;!st.at_end(); st.next()) {

     bt.push(st.method(), st.bci(), CHECK);

     chunk_count++;

     // Bail-out for deep stacks

     if (chunk_count >= max_chunks) break;

   }

   // For Java 7+ we support the Throwable immutability protocol defined for Java 7. This support

   // was missing in 7u0 so in 7u0 there is a workaround in the Throwable class. That workaround

   // can be removed in a JDK using this JVM version

   if (JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {

       java_lang_Throwable::set_stacktrace(throwable(), java_lang_Throwable::unassigned_stacktrace());

       assert(java_lang_Throwable::unassigned_stacktrace() != NULL, "not initialized");

   }

 }

 int java_lang_Throwable::get_stack_trace_depth(oop throwable, TRAPS) {

   if (throwable == NULL) {

     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());

   }

   objArrayOop chunk = objArrayOop(backtrace(throwable));

   int depth = 0;

   if (chunk != NULL) {

     // Iterate over chunks and count full ones

     while (true) {

       objArrayOop next = objArrayOop(chunk->obj_at(trace_next_offset));

       if (next == NULL) break;

       depth += trace_chunk_size;

       chunk = next;

     }

     assert(chunk != NULL && chunk->obj_at(trace_next_offset) == NULL, "sanity check");

     // Count element in remaining partial chunk.  NULL value for mirror

     // marks the end of the stack trace elements that are saved.

     objArrayOop mirrors = BacktraceBuilder::get_mirrors(chunk);

     assert(mirrors != NULL, "sanity check");

     for (int i = 0; i < mirrors->length(); i++) {

       if (mirrors->obj_at(i) == NULL) break;

       depth++;

     }

   }

   return depth;

 }

 oop java_lang_Throwable::get_stack_trace_element(oop throwable, int index, TRAPS) {

   if (throwable == NULL) {

     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());

   }

   if (index < 0) {

     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IndexOutOfBoundsException(), NULL);

   }

   // Compute how many chunks to skip and index into actual chunk

   objArrayOop chunk = objArrayOop(backtrace(throwable));

   int skip_chunks = index / trace_chunk_size;

   int chunk_index = index % trace_chunk_size;

   while (chunk != NULL && skip_chunks > 0) {

     chunk = objArrayOop(chunk->obj_at(trace_next_offset));

         skip_chunks--;

   }

   if (chunk == NULL) {

     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IndexOutOfBoundsException(), NULL);

   }

   // Get method id, bci, version and mirror from chunk

   typeArrayOop methods = BacktraceBuilder::get_methods(chunk);

   typeArrayOop bcis = BacktraceBuilder::get_bcis(chunk);

   objArrayOop mirrors = BacktraceBuilder::get_mirrors(chunk);

   assert(methods != NULL && bcis != NULL && mirrors != NULL, "sanity check");

   int method = methods->short_at(chunk_index);

   int version = version_at(bcis->int_at(chunk_index));

   int bci = bci_at(bcis->int_at(chunk_index));

   Handle mirror(THREAD, mirrors->obj_at(chunk_index));

   // Chunk can be partial full

   if (mirror.is_null()) {

     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IndexOutOfBoundsException(), NULL);

   }

   oop element = java_lang_StackTraceElement::create(mirror, method, version, bci, CHECK_0);

   return element;

 }

 oop java_lang_StackTraceElement::create(Handle mirror, int method_id,

                                         int version, int bci, TRAPS) {

   // Allocate java.lang.StackTraceElement instance

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::StackTraceElement_klass();

   assert(k != NULL, "must be loaded in 1.4+");

   instanceKlassHandle ik (THREAD, k);

   if (ik->should_be_initialized()) {

     ik->initialize(CHECK_0);

   }

   Handle element = ik->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_0);

   // Fill in class name

   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

   InstanceKlass* holder = InstanceKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror()));

   const char* str = holder->external_name();

   oop classname = StringTable::intern((char*) str, CHECK_0);

   java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_declaringClass(element(), classname);

   Method* method = holder->method_with_idnum(method_id);

   // Method on stack may be obsolete because it was redefined so cannot be

   // found by idnum.

   if (method == NULL) {

     // leave name and fileName null

     java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_lineNumber(element(), -1);

     return element();

   }

   // Fill in method name

   oop methodname = StringTable::intern(method->name(), CHECK_0);

   java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_methodName(element(), methodname);

   if (!version_matches(method, version)) {

     // The method was redefined, accurate line number information isn't available

     java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_fileName(element(), NULL);

     java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_lineNumber(element(), -1);

   } else {

     // Fill in source file name and line number.

     Symbol* source = holder->source_file_name();

     if (ShowHiddenFrames && source == NULL)

       source = vmSymbols::unknown_class_name();

     oop filename = StringTable::intern(source, CHECK_0);

     java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_fileName(element(), filename);

     int line_number = get_line_number(method, bci);

     java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_lineNumber(element(), line_number);

   }

   return element();

 }

 oop java_lang_StackTraceElement::create(methodHandle method, int bci, TRAPS) {

   Handle mirror (THREAD, method->method_holder()->java_mirror());

   int method_id = method->method_idnum();

   return create(mirror, method_id, method->constants()->version(), bci, THREAD);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_AccessibleObject::compute_offsets() {

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::reflect_AccessibleObject_klass();

   compute_offset(override_offset, k, vmSymbols::override_name(), vmSymbols::bool_signature());

 }

 jboolean java_lang_reflect_AccessibleObject::override(oop reflect) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return (jboolean) reflect->bool_field(override_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_AccessibleObject::set_override(oop reflect, jboolean value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   reflect->bool_field_put(override_offset, (int) value);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::compute_offsets() {

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::reflect_Method_klass();

   compute_offset(clazz_offset,          k, vmSymbols::clazz_name(),          vmSymbols::class_signature());

   compute_offset(name_offset,           k, vmSymbols::name_name(),           vmSymbols::string_signature());

   compute_offset(returnType_offset,     k, vmSymbols::returnType_name(),     vmSymbols::class_signature());

   compute_offset(parameterTypes_offset, k, vmSymbols::parameterTypes_name(), vmSymbols::class_array_signature());

   compute_offset(exceptionTypes_offset, k, vmSymbols::exceptionTypes_name(), vmSymbols::class_array_signature());

   compute_offset(slot_offset,           k, vmSymbols::slot_name(),           vmSymbols::int_signature());

   compute_offset(modifiers_offset,      k, vmSymbols::modifiers_name(),      vmSymbols::int_signature());

   // The generic signature and annotations fields are only present in 1.5

   signature_offset = -1;

   annotations_offset = -1;

   parameter_annotations_offset = -1;

   annotation_default_offset = -1;

   type_annotations_offset = -1;

   compute_optional_offset(signature_offset,             k, vmSymbols::signature_name(),             vmSymbols::string_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(annotations_offset,           k, vmSymbols::annotations_name(),           vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(parameter_annotations_offset, k, vmSymbols::parameter_annotations_name(), vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(annotation_default_offset,    k, vmSymbols::annotation_default_name(),    vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(type_annotations_offset,      k, vmSymbols::type_annotations_name(),      vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());

 }

 Handle java_lang_reflect_Method::create(TRAPS) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   Klass* klass = SystemDictionary::reflect_Method_klass();

   // This class is eagerly initialized during VM initialization, since we keep a refence

   // to one of the methods

   assert(InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->is_initialized(), "must be initialized");

   return InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NH);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Method::clazz(oop reflect) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return reflect->obj_field(clazz_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_clazz(oop reflect, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

    reflect->obj_field_put(clazz_offset, value);

 }

 int java_lang_reflect_Method::slot(oop reflect) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return reflect->int_field(slot_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_slot(oop reflect, int value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   reflect->int_field_put(slot_offset, value);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Method::name(oop method) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return method->obj_field(name_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_name(oop method, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   method->obj_field_put(name_offset, value);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Method::return_type(oop method) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return method->obj_field(returnType_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_return_type(oop method, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   method->obj_field_put(returnType_offset, value);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Method::parameter_types(oop method) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return method->obj_field(parameterTypes_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_types(oop method, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   method->obj_field_put(parameterTypes_offset, value);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Method::exception_types(oop method) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return method->obj_field(exceptionTypes_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_exception_types(oop method, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   method->obj_field_put(exceptionTypes_offset, value);

 }

 int java_lang_reflect_Method::modifiers(oop method) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return method->int_field(modifiers_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_modifiers(oop method, int value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   method->int_field_put(modifiers_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Method::has_signature_field() {

   return (signature_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Method::signature(oop method) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");

   return method->obj_field(signature_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_signature(oop method, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");

   method->obj_field_put(signature_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Method::has_annotations_field() {

   return (annotations_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Method::annotations(oop method) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");

   return method->obj_field(annotations_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotations(oop method, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");

   method->obj_field_put(annotations_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Method::has_parameter_annotations_field() {

   return (parameter_annotations_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Method::parameter_annotations(oop method) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_parameter_annotations_field(), "parameter annotations field must be present");

   return method->obj_field(parameter_annotations_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_annotations(oop method, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_parameter_annotations_field(), "parameter annotations field must be present");

   method->obj_field_put(parameter_annotations_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Method::has_annotation_default_field() {

   return (annotation_default_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Method::annotation_default(oop method) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_annotation_default_field(), "annotation default field must be present");

   return method->obj_field(annotation_default_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotation_default(oop method, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_annotation_default_field(), "annotation default field must be present");

   method->obj_field_put(annotation_default_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Method::has_type_annotations_field() {

   return (type_annotations_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Method::type_annotations(oop method) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_type_annotations_field(), "type_annotations field must be present");

   return method->obj_field(type_annotations_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_type_annotations(oop method, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_type_annotations_field(), "type_annotations field must be present");

   method->obj_field_put(type_annotations_offset, value);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::compute_offsets() {

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::reflect_Constructor_klass();

   compute_offset(clazz_offset,          k, vmSymbols::clazz_name(),          vmSymbols::class_signature());

   compute_offset(parameterTypes_offset, k, vmSymbols::parameterTypes_name(), vmSymbols::class_array_signature());

   compute_offset(exceptionTypes_offset, k, vmSymbols::exceptionTypes_name(), vmSymbols::class_array_signature());

   compute_offset(slot_offset,           k, vmSymbols::slot_name(),           vmSymbols::int_signature());

   compute_offset(modifiers_offset,      k, vmSymbols::modifiers_name(),      vmSymbols::int_signature());

   // The generic signature and annotations fields are only present in 1.5

   signature_offset = -1;

   annotations_offset = -1;

   parameter_annotations_offset = -1;

   type_annotations_offset = -1;

   compute_optional_offset(signature_offset,             k, vmSymbols::signature_name(),             vmSymbols::string_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(annotations_offset,           k, vmSymbols::annotations_name(),           vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(parameter_annotations_offset, k, vmSymbols::parameter_annotations_name(), vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(type_annotations_offset,      k, vmSymbols::type_annotations_name(),      vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());

 }

 Handle java_lang_reflect_Constructor::create(TRAPS) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   Symbol* name = vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_Constructor();

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, true, CHECK_NH);

   instanceKlassHandle klass (THREAD, k);

   // Ensure it is initialized

   klass->initialize(CHECK_NH);

   return klass->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NH);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::clazz(oop reflect) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return reflect->obj_field(clazz_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_clazz(oop reflect, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

    reflect->obj_field_put(clazz_offset, value);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::parameter_types(oop constructor) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return constructor->obj_field(parameterTypes_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_types(oop constructor, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   constructor->obj_field_put(parameterTypes_offset, value);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::exception_types(oop constructor) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return constructor->obj_field(exceptionTypes_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_exception_types(oop constructor, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   constructor->obj_field_put(exceptionTypes_offset, value);

 }

 int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::slot(oop reflect) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return reflect->int_field(slot_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_slot(oop reflect, int value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   reflect->int_field_put(slot_offset, value);

 }

 int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::modifiers(oop constructor) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return constructor->int_field(modifiers_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_modifiers(oop constructor, int value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   constructor->int_field_put(modifiers_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Constructor::has_signature_field() {

   return (signature_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::signature(oop constructor) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");

   return constructor->obj_field(signature_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_signature(oop constructor, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");

   constructor->obj_field_put(signature_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Constructor::has_annotations_field() {

   return (annotations_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::annotations(oop constructor) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");

   return constructor->obj_field(annotations_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_annotations(oop constructor, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");

   constructor->obj_field_put(annotations_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Constructor::has_parameter_annotations_field() {

   return (parameter_annotations_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::parameter_annotations(oop method) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_parameter_annotations_field(), "parameter annotations field must be present");

   return method->obj_field(parameter_annotations_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_annotations(oop method, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_parameter_annotations_field(), "parameter annotations field must be present");

   method->obj_field_put(parameter_annotations_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Constructor::has_type_annotations_field() {

   return (type_annotations_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::type_annotations(oop constructor) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_type_annotations_field(), "type_annotations field must be present");

   return constructor->obj_field(type_annotations_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_type_annotations(oop constructor, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_type_annotations_field(), "type_annotations field must be present");

   constructor->obj_field_put(type_annotations_offset, value);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Field::compute_offsets() {

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::reflect_Field_klass();

   compute_offset(clazz_offset,     k, vmSymbols::clazz_name(),     vmSymbols::class_signature());

   compute_offset(name_offset,      k, vmSymbols::name_name(),      vmSymbols::string_signature());

   compute_offset(type_offset,      k, vmSymbols::type_name(),      vmSymbols::class_signature());

   compute_offset(slot_offset,      k, vmSymbols::slot_name(),      vmSymbols::int_signature());

   compute_offset(modifiers_offset, k, vmSymbols::modifiers_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature());

   // The generic signature and annotations fields are only present in 1.5

   signature_offset = -1;

   annotations_offset = -1;

   type_annotations_offset = -1;

   compute_optional_offset(signature_offset, k, vmSymbols::signature_name(), vmSymbols::string_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(annotations_offset,  k, vmSymbols::annotations_name(),  vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());

   compute_optional_offset(type_annotations_offset,  k, vmSymbols::type_annotations_name(),  vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());

 }

 Handle java_lang_reflect_Field::create(TRAPS) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   Symbol* name = vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_Field();

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, true, CHECK_NH);

   instanceKlassHandle klass (THREAD, k);

   // Ensure it is initialized

   klass->initialize(CHECK_NH);

   return klass->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NH);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(oop reflect) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return reflect->obj_field(clazz_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_clazz(oop reflect, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

    reflect->obj_field_put(clazz_offset, value);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Field::name(oop field) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return field->obj_field(name_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_name(oop field, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   field->obj_field_put(name_offset, value);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Field::type(oop field) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return field->obj_field(type_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_type(oop field, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   field->obj_field_put(type_offset, value);

 }

 int java_lang_reflect_Field::slot(oop reflect) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return reflect->int_field(slot_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_slot(oop reflect, int value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   reflect->int_field_put(slot_offset, value);

 }

 int java_lang_reflect_Field::modifiers(oop field) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return field->int_field(modifiers_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_modifiers(oop field, int value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   field->int_field_put(modifiers_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Field::has_signature_field() {

   return (signature_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Field::signature(oop field) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");

   return field->obj_field(signature_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_signature(oop field, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");

   field->obj_field_put(signature_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Field::has_annotations_field() {

   return (annotations_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Field::annotations(oop field) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");

   return field->obj_field(annotations_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_annotations(oop field, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");

   field->obj_field_put(annotations_offset, value);

 }

 bool java_lang_reflect_Field::has_type_annotations_field() {

   return (type_annotations_offset >= 0);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Field::type_annotations(oop field) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_type_annotations_field(), "type_annotations field must be present");

   return field->obj_field(type_annotations_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_type_annotations(oop field, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   assert(has_type_annotations_field(), "type_annotations field must be present");

   field->obj_field_put(type_annotations_offset, value);

 }

 void sun_reflect_ConstantPool::compute_offsets() {

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::reflect_ConstantPool_klass();

   // This null test can be removed post beta

   if (k != NULL) {

     // The field is called ConstantPool* in the sun.reflect.ConstantPool class.

     compute_offset(_oop_offset, k, vmSymbols::ConstantPool_name(), vmSymbols::object_signature());

   }

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Parameter::compute_offsets() {

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::reflect_Parameter_klass();

   if(NULL != k) {

     compute_offset(name_offset,        k, vmSymbols::name_name(),        vmSymbols::string_signature());

     compute_offset(modifiers_offset,   k, vmSymbols::modifiers_name(),   vmSymbols::int_signature());

     compute_offset(index_offset,       k, vmSymbols::index_name(),       vmSymbols::int_signature());

     compute_offset(executable_offset,  k, vmSymbols::executable_name(),  vmSymbols::executable_signature());

   }

 }

 Handle java_lang_reflect_Parameter::create(TRAPS) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   Symbol* name = vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_Parameter();

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, true, CHECK_NH);

   instanceKlassHandle klass (THREAD, k);

   // Ensure it is initialized

   klass->initialize(CHECK_NH);

   return klass->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NH);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Parameter::name(oop param) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return param->obj_field(name_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_name(oop param, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   param->obj_field_put(name_offset, value);

 }

 int java_lang_reflect_Parameter::modifiers(oop param) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return param->int_field(modifiers_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_modifiers(oop param, int value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   param->int_field_put(modifiers_offset, value);

 }

 int java_lang_reflect_Parameter::index(oop param) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return param->int_field(index_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_index(oop param, int value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   param->int_field_put(index_offset, value);

 }

 oop java_lang_reflect_Parameter::executable(oop param) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   return param->obj_field(executable_offset);

 }

 void java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_executable(oop param, oop value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   param->obj_field_put(executable_offset, value);

 }

 Handle sun_reflect_ConstantPool::create(TRAPS) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::reflect_ConstantPool_klass();

   instanceKlassHandle klass (THREAD, k);

   // Ensure it is initialized

   klass->initialize(CHECK_NH);

   return klass->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NH);

 }

 void sun_reflect_ConstantPool::set_cp(oop reflect, ConstantPool* value) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   oop mirror = value->pool_holder()->java_mirror();

   // Save the mirror to get back the constant pool.

   reflect->obj_field_put(_oop_offset, mirror);

 }

 ConstantPool* sun_reflect_ConstantPool::get_cp(oop reflect) {

   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");

   oop mirror = reflect->obj_field(_oop_offset);

   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);

   assert(k->oop_is_instance(), "Must be");

   // Get the constant pool back from the klass.  Since class redefinition

   // merges the new constant pool into the old, this is essentially the

   // same constant pool as the original.  If constant pool merging is

   // no longer done in the future, this will have to change to save

   // the original.

   return InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants();

 }

 void sun_reflect_UnsafeStaticFieldAccessorImpl::compute_offsets() {

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::reflect_UnsafeStaticFieldAccessorImpl_klass();

   // This null test can be removed post beta

   if (k != NULL) {

     compute_offset(_base_offset, k,

                    vmSymbols::base_name(), vmSymbols::object_signature());

   }

 }

 oop java_lang_boxing_object::initialize_and_allocate(BasicType type, TRAPS) {

   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::box_klass(type);

   if (k == NULL)  return NULL;

   instanceKlassHandle h (THREAD, k);

   if (!h->is_initialized())  h->initialize(CHECK_0);

   return h->allocate_instance(THREAD);

 }

 oop java_lang_boxing_object::create(BasicType type, jvalue* value, TRAPS) {

   oop box = initialize_and_allocate(type, CHECK_0);

   if (box == NULL)  return NULL;

   switch (type) {

     case T_BOOLEAN:

       box->bool_field_put(value_offset, value->z);

       break;

     case T_CHAR:

       box->char_field_put(value_offset, value->c);

       break;

     case T_FLOAT:

       box->float_field_put(value_offset, value->f);

       break;

     case T_DOUBLE:

       box->double_field_put(long_value_offset, value->d);

       break;

     case T_BYTE:

       box->byte_field_put(value_offset, value->b);

       break;

     case T_SHORT:

       box->short_field_put(value_offset, value->s);

       break;

     case T_INT:

       box->int_field_put(value_offset, value->i);

       break;

     case T_LONG:

       box->long_field_put(long_value_offset, value->j);

       break;

     default:

       return NULL;

   }

   return box;

 }

 BasicType java_lang_boxing_object::basic_type(oop box) {

   if (box == NULL)  return T_ILLEGAL;

   BasicType type = SystemDictionary::box_klass_type(box->klass());

   if (type == T_OBJECT)         // 'unknown' value returned by SD::bkt

     return T_ILLEGAL;

   return type;

 }

 BasicType java_lang_boxing_object::get_value(oop box, jvalue* value) {

   BasicType type = SystemDictionary::box_klass_type(box->klass());

   switch (type) {

   case T_BOOLEAN:

     value->z = box->bool_field(value_offset);

     break;

   case T_CHAR:

     value->c = box->char_field(value_offset);

     break;

   case T_FLOAT:

     value->f = box->float_field(value_offset);

     break;

   case T_DOUBLE:

     value->d = box->double_field(long_value_offset);

     break;

   case T_BYTE:

     value->b = box->byte_field(value_offset);

     break;

   case T_SHORT:

     value->s = box->short_field(value_offset);

     break;

   case T_INT:

     value->i = box->int_field(value_offset);

     break;

   case T_LONG:

     value->j = box->long_field(long_value_offset);

     break;

   default:

     return T_ILLEGAL;

   } // end switch

   return type;

 }

 BasicType java_lang_boxing_object::set_value(oop box, jvalue* value) {

   BasicType type = SystemDictionary::box_klass_type(box->klass());

   switch (type) {

   case T_BOOLEAN:

     box->bool_field_put(value_offset, value->z);

     break;

   case T_CHAR:

     box->char_field_put(value_offset, value->c);

     break;

   case T_FLOAT:

     box->float_field_put(value_offset, value->f);

     break;

   case T_DOUBLE:

     box->double_field_put(long_value_offset, value->d);

     break;

   case T_BYTE:

     box->byte_field_put(value_offset, value->b);

     break;

   case T_SHORT:

     box->short_field_put(value_offset, value->s);

     break;

   case T_INT:

     box->int_field_put(value_offset, value->i);

     break;

   case T_LONG:

     box->long_field_put(long_value_offset, value->j);

     break;

   default:

     return T_ILLEGAL;

   } // end switch

   return type;

 }

 void java_lang_boxing_object::print(BasicType type, jvalue* value, outputStream* st) {

   switch (type) {

   case T_BOOLEAN:   st->print("%s", value->z ? "true" : "false");   break;

   case T_CHAR:      st->print("%d", value->c);                      break;

   case T_BYTE:      st->print("%d", value->b);                      break;

   case T_SHORT:     st->print("%d", value->s);                      break;

   case T_INT:       st->print("%d", value->i);                      break;

   case T_LONG:      st->print(INT64_FORMAT, value->j);              break;

   case T_FLOAT:     st->print("%f", value->f);                      break;

   case T_DOUBLE:    st->print("%lf", value->d);                     break;

   default:          st->print("type %d?", type);                    break;

   }

 }

 // Support for java_lang_ref_Reference

 HeapWord *java_lang_ref_Reference::pending_list_lock_addr() {

   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Reference_klass());

   address addr = ik->static_field_addr(static_lock_offset);

   return (HeapWord*) addr;

 }

 oop java_lang_ref_Reference::pending_list_lock() {

   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Reference_klass());

   address addr = ik->static_field_addr(static_lock_offset);

   if (UseCompressedOops) {

     return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((narrowOop *)addr);

   } else {

     return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((oop*)addr);

   }

 }

 HeapWord *java_lang_ref_Reference::pending_list_addr() {

   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Reference_klass());

   address addr = ik->static_field_addr(static_pending_offset);

   // XXX This might not be HeapWord aligned, almost rather be char *.

   return (HeapWord*)addr;

 }

 oop java_lang_ref_Reference::pending_list() {

   char *addr = (char *)pending_list_addr();

   if (UseCompressedOops) {

     return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((narrowOop *)addr);

   } else {

     return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((oop*)addr);

   }

 }

 // Support for java_lang_ref_SoftReference

 jlong java_lang_ref_SoftReference::timestamp(oop ref) {

   return ref->long_field(timestamp_offset);

 }

 jlong java_lang_ref_SoftReference::clock() {

   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::SoftReference_klass());

   jlong* offset = (jlong*)ik->static_field_addr(static_clock_offset);

   return *offset;

 }

 void java_lang_ref_SoftReference::set_clock(jlong value) {

   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::SoftReference_klass());

   jlong* offset = (jlong*)ik->static_field_addr(static_clock_offset);

   *offset = value;

 }

 // Support for java_lang_invoke_DirectMethodHandle

 int java_lang_invoke_DirectMethodHandle::_member_offset;

 oop java_lang_invoke_DirectMethodHandle::member(oop dmh) {

   oop member_name = NULL;

   bool is_dmh = dmh->is_oop() && java_lang_invoke_DirectMethodHandle::is_instance(dmh);

   assert(is_dmh, "a DirectMethodHandle oop is expected");

   if (is_dmh) {

     member_name = dmh->obj_field(member_offset_in_bytes());

   }

   return member_name;

 }

 void java_lang_invoke_DirectMethodHandle::compute_offsets() {

   Klass* klass_oop = SystemDictionary::DirectMethodHandle_klass();

   if (klass_oop != NULL && EnableInvokeDynamic) {

     compute_offset(_member_offset, klass_oop, vmSymbols::member_name(), vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MemberName_signature());

   }

 }