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 /*

  * Copyright (c) 2001, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

  *

  */

 #include "precompiled.hpp"

 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"

 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/shared/gcTimer.hpp"

 #include "gc_implementation/shared/gcTraceTime.hpp"

 #include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.hpp"

 #include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"

 #include "memory/referencePolicy.hpp"

 #include "memory/referenceProcessor.hpp"

 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

 #include "runtime/java.hpp"

 #include "runtime/jniHandles.hpp"

 PRAGMA_FORMAT_MUTE_WARNINGS_FOR_GCC

 ReferencePolicy* ReferenceProcessor::_always_clear_soft_ref_policy = NULL;

 ReferencePolicy* ReferenceProcessor::_default_soft_ref_policy      = NULL;

 bool             ReferenceProcessor::_pending_list_uses_discovered_field = false;

 jlong            ReferenceProcessor::_soft_ref_timestamp_clock = 0;

 void referenceProcessor_init() {

   ReferenceProcessor::init_statics();

 }

 void ReferenceProcessor::init_statics() {

   // We need a monotonically non-deccreasing time in ms but

   // os::javaTimeMillis() does not guarantee monotonicity.

   jlong now = os::javaTimeNanos() / NANOSECS_PER_MILLISEC;

   // Initialize the soft ref timestamp clock.

   _soft_ref_timestamp_clock = now;

   // Also update the soft ref clock in j.l.r.SoftReference

   java_lang_ref_SoftReference::set_clock(_soft_ref_timestamp_clock);

   _always_clear_soft_ref_policy = new AlwaysClearPolicy();

   _default_soft_ref_policy      = new COMPILER2_PRESENT(LRUMaxHeapPolicy())

                                       NOT_COMPILER2(LRUCurrentHeapPolicy());

   if (_always_clear_soft_ref_policy == NULL || _default_soft_ref_policy == NULL) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not allocate reference policy object");

   }

   guarantee(RefDiscoveryPolicy == ReferenceBasedDiscovery ||

             RefDiscoveryPolicy == ReferentBasedDiscovery,

             "Unrecongnized RefDiscoveryPolicy");

   _pending_list_uses_discovered_field = JDK_Version::current().pending_list_uses_discovered_field();

 }

 void ReferenceProcessor::enable_discovery(bool verify_disabled, bool check_no_refs) {

 #ifdef ASSERT

   // Verify that we're not currently discovering refs

   assert(!verify_disabled || !_discovering_refs, "nested call?");

   if (check_no_refs) {

     // Verify that the discovered lists are empty

     verify_no_references_recorded();

   }

 #endif // ASSERT

   // Someone could have modified the value of the static

   // field in the j.l.r.SoftReference class that holds the

   // soft reference timestamp clock using reflection or

   // Unsafe between GCs. Unconditionally update the static

   // field in ReferenceProcessor here so that we use the new

   // value during reference discovery.

   _soft_ref_timestamp_clock = java_lang_ref_SoftReference::clock();

   _discovering_refs = true;

 }

 ReferenceProcessor::ReferenceProcessor(MemRegion span,

                                        bool      mt_processing,

                                        uint      mt_processing_degree,

                                        bool      mt_discovery,

                                        uint      mt_discovery_degree,

                                        bool      atomic_discovery,

                                        BoolObjectClosure* is_alive_non_header)  :

   _discovering_refs(false),

   _enqueuing_is_done(false),

   _is_alive_non_header(is_alive_non_header),

   _processing_is_mt(mt_processing),

   _next_id(0)

 {

   _span = span;

   _discovery_is_atomic = atomic_discovery;

   _discovery_is_mt     = mt_discovery;

   _num_q               = MAX2(1U, mt_processing_degree);

   _max_num_q           = MAX2(_num_q, mt_discovery_degree);

   _discovered_refs     = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(DiscoveredList,

             _max_num_q * number_of_subclasses_of_ref(), mtGC);

   if (_discovered_refs == NULL) {

     vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not allocated RefProc Array");

   }

   _discoveredSoftRefs    = &_discovered_refs[0];

   _discoveredWeakRefs    = &_discoveredSoftRefs[_max_num_q];

   _discoveredFinalRefs   = &_discoveredWeakRefs[_max_num_q];

   _discoveredPhantomRefs = &_discoveredFinalRefs[_max_num_q];

   _discoveredCleanerRefs = &_discoveredPhantomRefs[_max_num_q];

   // Initialize all entries to NULL

   for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q * number_of_subclasses_of_ref(); i++) {

     _discovered_refs[i].set_head(NULL);

     _discovered_refs[i].set_length(0);

   }

   setup_policy(false /* default soft ref policy */);

 }

 #ifndef PRODUCT

 void ReferenceProcessor::verify_no_references_recorded() {

   guarantee(!_discovering_refs, "Discovering refs?");

   for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q * number_of_subclasses_of_ref(); i++) {

     guarantee(_discovered_refs[i].is_empty(),

               "Found non-empty discovered list");

   }

 }

 #endif

 void ReferenceProcessor::weak_oops_do(OopClosure* f) {

   for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q * number_of_subclasses_of_ref(); i++) {

     if (UseCompressedOops) {

       f->do_oop((narrowOop*)_discovered_refs[i].adr_head());

     } else {

       f->do_oop((oop*)_discovered_refs[i].adr_head());

     }

   }

 }

 void ReferenceProcessor::update_soft_ref_master_clock() {

   // Update (advance) the soft ref master clock field. This must be done

   // after processing the soft ref list.

   // We need a monotonically non-deccreasing time in ms but

   // os::javaTimeMillis() does not guarantee monotonicity.

   jlong now = os::javaTimeNanos() / NANOSECS_PER_MILLISEC;

   jlong soft_ref_clock = java_lang_ref_SoftReference::clock();

   assert(soft_ref_clock == _soft_ref_timestamp_clock, "soft ref clocks out of sync");

   NOT_PRODUCT(

   if (now < _soft_ref_timestamp_clock) {

     warning("time warp: "INT64_FORMAT" to "INT64_FORMAT,

             _soft_ref_timestamp_clock, now);

   }

   )

   // The values of now and _soft_ref_timestamp_clock are set using

   // javaTimeNanos(), which is guaranteed to be monotonically

   // non-decreasing provided the underlying platform provides such

   // a time source (and it is bug free).

   // In product mode, however, protect ourselves from non-monotonicty.

   if (now > _soft_ref_timestamp_clock) {

     _soft_ref_timestamp_clock = now;

     java_lang_ref_SoftReference::set_clock(now);

   }

   // Else leave clock stalled at its old value until time progresses

   // past clock value.

 }

 size_t ReferenceProcessor::total_count(DiscoveredList lists[]) {

   size_t total = 0;

   for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q; ++i) {

     total += lists[i].length();

   }

   return total;

 }

 ReferenceProcessorStats ReferenceProcessor::process_discovered_references(

   BoolObjectClosure*           is_alive,

   OopClosure*                  keep_alive,

   VoidClosure*                 complete_gc,

   AbstractRefProcTaskExecutor* task_executor,

   GCTimer*                     gc_timer) {

   NOT_PRODUCT(verify_ok_to_handle_reflists());

   assert(!enqueuing_is_done(), "If here enqueuing should not be complete");

   // Stop treating discovered references specially.

   disable_discovery();

   // If discovery was concurrent, someone could have modified

   // the value of the static field in the j.l.r.SoftReference

   // class that holds the soft reference timestamp clock using

   // reflection or Unsafe between when discovery was enabled and

   // now. Unconditionally update the static field in ReferenceProcessor

   // here so that we use the new value during processing of the

   // discovered soft refs.

   _soft_ref_timestamp_clock = java_lang_ref_SoftReference::clock();

   bool trace_time = PrintGCDetails && PrintReferenceGC;

   // Soft references

   size_t soft_count = 0;

   {

     GCTraceTime tt("SoftReference", trace_time, false, gc_timer);

     soft_count =

       process_discovered_reflist(_discoveredSoftRefs, _current_soft_ref_policy, true,

                                  is_alive, keep_alive, complete_gc, task_executor);

   }

   update_soft_ref_master_clock();

   // Weak references

   size_t weak_count = 0;

   {

     GCTraceTime tt("WeakReference", trace_time, false, gc_timer);

     weak_count =

       process_discovered_reflist(_discoveredWeakRefs, NULL, true,

                                  is_alive, keep_alive, complete_gc, task_executor);

   }

   // Final references

   size_t final_count = 0;

   {

     GCTraceTime tt("FinalReference", trace_time, false, gc_timer);

     final_count =

       process_discovered_reflist(_discoveredFinalRefs, NULL, false,

                                  is_alive, keep_alive, complete_gc, task_executor);

   }

   // Phantom references

   size_t phantom_count = 0;

   {

     GCTraceTime tt("PhantomReference", trace_time, false, gc_timer);

     phantom_count =

       process_discovered_reflist(_discoveredPhantomRefs, NULL, false,

                                  is_alive, keep_alive, complete_gc, task_executor);

     // Process cleaners, but include them in phantom statistics.  We expect

     // Cleaner references to be temporary, and don't want to deal with

     // possible incompatibilities arising from making it more visible.

     phantom_count +=

       process_discovered_reflist(_discoveredCleanerRefs, NULL, false,

                                  is_alive, keep_alive, complete_gc, task_executor);

   }

   // Weak global JNI references. It would make more sense (semantically) to

   // traverse these simultaneously with the regular weak references above, but

   // that is not how the JDK1.2 specification is. See #4126360. Native code can

   // thus use JNI weak references to circumvent the phantom references and

   // resurrect a "post-mortem" object.

   {

     GCTraceTime tt("JNI Weak Reference", trace_time, false, gc_timer);

     if (task_executor != NULL) {

       task_executor->set_single_threaded_mode();

     }

     process_phaseJNI(is_alive, keep_alive, complete_gc);

   }

   return ReferenceProcessorStats(soft_count, weak_count, final_count, phantom_count);

 }

 #ifndef PRODUCT

 // Calculate the number of jni handles.

 uint ReferenceProcessor::count_jni_refs() {

   class AlwaysAliveClosure: public BoolObjectClosure {

   public:

     virtual bool do_object_b(oop obj) { return true; }

   };

   class CountHandleClosure: public OopClosure {

   private:

     int _count;

   public:

     CountHandleClosure(): _count(0) {}

     void do_oop(oop* unused)       { _count++; }

     void do_oop(narrowOop* unused) { ShouldNotReachHere(); }

     int count() { return _count; }

   };

   CountHandleClosure global_handle_count;

   AlwaysAliveClosure always_alive;

   JNIHandles::weak_oops_do(&always_alive, &global_handle_count);

   return global_handle_count.count();

 }

 #endif

 void ReferenceProcessor::process_phaseJNI(BoolObjectClosure* is_alive,

                                           OopClosure*        keep_alive,

                                           VoidClosure*       complete_gc) {

 #ifndef PRODUCT

   if (PrintGCDetails && PrintReferenceGC) {

     unsigned int count = count_jni_refs();

     gclog_or_tty->print(", %u refs", count);

   }

 #endif

   JNIHandles::weak_oops_do(is_alive, keep_alive);

   complete_gc->do_void();

 }

 template <class T>

 bool enqueue_discovered_ref_helper(ReferenceProcessor* ref,

                                    AbstractRefProcTaskExecutor* task_executor) {

   // Remember old value of pending references list

   T* pending_list_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::pending_list_addr();

   T old_pending_list_value = *pending_list_addr;

   // Enqueue references that are not made active again, and

   // clear the decks for the next collection (cycle).

   ref->enqueue_discovered_reflists((HeapWord*)pending_list_addr, task_executor);

   // Do the post-barrier on pending_list_addr missed in

   // enqueue_discovered_reflist.

   oopDesc::bs()->write_ref_field(pending_list_addr, oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop(pending_list_addr));

   // Stop treating discovered references specially.

   ref->disable_discovery();

   // Return true if new pending references were added

   return old_pending_list_value != *pending_list_addr;

 }

 bool ReferenceProcessor::enqueue_discovered_references(AbstractRefProcTaskExecutor* task_executor) {

   NOT_PRODUCT(verify_ok_to_handle_reflists());

   if (UseCompressedOops) {

     return enqueue_discovered_ref_helper<narrowOop>(this, task_executor);

   } else {

     return enqueue_discovered_ref_helper<oop>(this, task_executor);

   }

 }

 void ReferenceProcessor::enqueue_discovered_reflist(DiscoveredList& refs_list,

                                                     HeapWord* pending_list_addr) {

   // Given a list of refs linked through the "discovered" field

   // (java.lang.ref.Reference.discovered), self-loop their "next" field

   // thus distinguishing them from active References, then

   // prepend them to the pending list.

   //

   // The Java threads will see the Reference objects linked together through

   // the discovered field. Instead of trying to do the write barrier updates

   // in all places in the reference processor where we manipulate the discovered

   // field we make sure to do the barrier here where we anyway iterate through

   // all linked Reference objects. Note that it is important to not dirty any

   // cards during reference processing since this will cause card table

   // verification to fail for G1.

   //

   // BKWRD COMPATIBILITY NOTE: For older JDKs (prior to the fix for 4956777),

   // the "next" field is used to chain the pending list, not the discovered

   // field.

   if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("ReferenceProcessor::enqueue_discovered_reflist list "

                            INTPTR_FORMAT, (address)refs_list.head());

   }

   oop obj = NULL;

   oop next_d = refs_list.head();

   if (pending_list_uses_discovered_field()) { // New behavior

     // Walk down the list, self-looping the next field

     // so that the References are not considered active.

     while (obj != next_d) {

       obj = next_d;

       assert(obj->is_instanceRef(), "should be reference object");

       next_d = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);

       if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("        obj " INTPTR_FORMAT "/next_d " INTPTR_FORMAT,

                                (void *)obj, (void *)next_d);

       }

       assert(java_lang_ref_Reference::next(obj) == NULL,

              "Reference not active; should not be discovered");

       // Self-loop next, so as to make Ref not active.

       java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next_raw(obj, obj);

       if (next_d != obj) {

         oopDesc::bs()->write_ref_field(java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered_addr(obj), next_d);

       } else {

         // This is the last object.

         // Swap refs_list into pending_list_addr and

         // set obj's discovered to what we read from pending_list_addr.

         oop old = oopDesc::atomic_exchange_oop(refs_list.head(), pending_list_addr);

         // Need post-barrier on pending_list_addr. See enqueue_discovered_ref_helper() above.

         java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered_raw(obj, old); // old may be NULL

         oopDesc::bs()->write_ref_field(java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered_addr(obj), old);

       }

     }

   } else { // Old behaviour

     // Walk down the list, copying the discovered field into

     // the next field and clearing the discovered field.

     while (obj != next_d) {

       obj = next_d;

       assert(obj->is_instanceRef(), "should be reference object");

       next_d = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);

       if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("        obj " INTPTR_FORMAT "/next_d " INTPTR_FORMAT,

                                (void *)obj, (void *)next_d);

       }

       assert(java_lang_ref_Reference::next(obj) == NULL,

              "The reference should not be enqueued");

       if (next_d == obj) {  // obj is last

         // Swap refs_list into pendling_list_addr and

         // set obj's next to what we read from pending_list_addr.

         oop old = oopDesc::atomic_exchange_oop(refs_list.head(), pending_list_addr);

         // Need oop_check on pending_list_addr above;

         // see special oop-check code at the end of

         // enqueue_discovered_reflists() further below.

         if (old == NULL) {

           // obj should be made to point to itself, since

           // pending list was empty.

           java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next(obj, obj);

         } else {

           java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next(obj, old);

         }

       } else {

         java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next(obj, next_d);

       }

       java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered(obj, (oop) NULL);

     }

   }

 }

 // Parallel enqueue task

 class RefProcEnqueueTask: public AbstractRefProcTaskExecutor::EnqueueTask {

 public:

   RefProcEnqueueTask(ReferenceProcessor& ref_processor,

                      DiscoveredList      discovered_refs[],

                      HeapWord*           pending_list_addr,

                      int                 n_queues)

     : EnqueueTask(ref_processor, discovered_refs,

                   pending_list_addr, n_queues)

   { }

   virtual void work(unsigned int work_id) {

     assert(work_id < (unsigned int)_ref_processor.max_num_q(), "Index out-of-bounds");

     // Simplest first cut: static partitioning.

     int index = work_id;

     // The increment on "index" must correspond to the maximum number of queues

     // (n_queues) with which that ReferenceProcessor was created.  That

     // is because of the "clever" way the discovered references lists were

     // allocated and are indexed into.

     assert(_n_queues == (int) _ref_processor.max_num_q(), "Different number not expected");

     for (int j = 0;

          j < ReferenceProcessor::number_of_subclasses_of_ref();

          j++, index += _n_queues) {

       _ref_processor.enqueue_discovered_reflist(

         _refs_lists[index], _pending_list_addr);

       _refs_lists[index].set_head(NULL);

       _refs_lists[index].set_length(0);

     }

   }

 };

 // Enqueue references that are not made active again

 void ReferenceProcessor::enqueue_discovered_reflists(HeapWord* pending_list_addr,

   AbstractRefProcTaskExecutor* task_executor) {

   if (_processing_is_mt && task_executor != NULL) {

     // Parallel code

     RefProcEnqueueTask tsk(*this, _discovered_refs,

                            pending_list_addr, _max_num_q);

     task_executor->execute(tsk);

   } else {

     // Serial code: call the parent class's implementation

     for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q * number_of_subclasses_of_ref(); i++) {

       enqueue_discovered_reflist(_discovered_refs[i], pending_list_addr);

       _discovered_refs[i].set_head(NULL);

       _discovered_refs[i].set_length(0);

     }

   }

 }

 void DiscoveredListIterator::load_ptrs(DEBUG_ONLY(bool allow_null_referent)) {

   _discovered_addr = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered_addr(_ref);

   oop discovered = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(_ref);

   assert(_discovered_addr && discovered->is_oop_or_null(),

          "discovered field is bad");

   _next = discovered;

   _referent_addr = java_lang_ref_Reference::referent_addr(_ref);

   _referent = java_lang_ref_Reference::referent(_ref);

   assert(Universe::heap()->is_in_reserved_or_null(_referent),

          "Wrong oop found in java.lang.Reference object");

   assert(allow_null_referent ?

              _referent->is_oop_or_null()

            : _referent->is_oop(),

          "bad referent");

 }

 void DiscoveredListIterator::remove() {

   assert(_ref->is_oop(), "Dropping a bad reference");

   oop_store_raw(_discovered_addr, NULL);

   // First _prev_next ref actually points into DiscoveredList (gross).

   oop new_next;

   if (_next == _ref) {

     // At the end of the list, we should make _prev point to itself.

     // If _ref is the first ref, then _prev_next will be in the DiscoveredList,

     // and _prev will be NULL.

     new_next = _prev;

   } else {

     new_next = _next;

   }

   // Remove Reference object from discovered list. Note that G1 does not need a

   // pre-barrier here because we know the Reference has already been found/marked,

   // that's how it ended up in the discovered list in the first place.

   oop_store_raw(_prev_next, new_next);

   NOT_PRODUCT(_removed++);

   _refs_list.dec_length(1);

 }

 // Make the Reference object active again.

 void DiscoveredListIterator::make_active() {

   // The pre barrier for G1 is probably just needed for the old

   // reference processing behavior. Should we guard this with

   // ReferenceProcessor::pending_list_uses_discovered_field() ?

   if (UseG1GC) {

     HeapWord* next_addr = java_lang_ref_Reference::next_addr(_ref);

     if (UseCompressedOops) {

       oopDesc::bs()->write_ref_field_pre((narrowOop*)next_addr, NULL);

     } else {

       oopDesc::bs()->write_ref_field_pre((oop*)next_addr, NULL);

     }

   }

   java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next_raw(_ref, NULL);

 }

 void DiscoveredListIterator::clear_referent() {

   oop_store_raw(_referent_addr, NULL);

 }

 // NOTE: process_phase*() are largely similar, and at a high level

 // merely iterate over the extant list applying a predicate to

 // each of its elements and possibly removing that element from the

 // list and applying some further closures to that element.

 // We should consider the possibility of replacing these

 // process_phase*() methods by abstracting them into

 // a single general iterator invocation that receives appropriate

 // closures that accomplish this work.

 // (SoftReferences only) Traverse the list and remove any SoftReferences whose

 // referents are not alive, but that should be kept alive for policy reasons.

 // Keep alive the transitive closure of all such referents.

 void

 ReferenceProcessor::process_phase1(DiscoveredList&    refs_list,

                                    ReferencePolicy*   policy,

                                    BoolObjectClosure* is_alive,

                                    OopClosure*        keep_alive,

                                    VoidClosure*       complete_gc) {

   assert(policy != NULL, "Must have a non-NULL policy");

   DiscoveredListIterator iter(refs_list, keep_alive, is_alive);

   // Decide which softly reachable refs should be kept alive.

   while (iter.has_next()) {

     iter.load_ptrs(DEBUG_ONLY(!discovery_is_atomic() /* allow_null_referent */));

     bool referent_is_dead = (iter.referent() != NULL) && !iter.is_referent_alive();

     if (referent_is_dead &&

         !policy->should_clear_reference(iter.obj(), _soft_ref_timestamp_clock)) {

       if (TraceReferenceGC) {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Dropping reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s"  ") by policy",

                                (void *)iter.obj(), iter.obj()->klass()->internal_name());

       }

       // Remove Reference object from list

       iter.remove();

       // Make the Reference object active again

       iter.make_active();

       // keep the referent around

       iter.make_referent_alive();

       iter.move_to_next();

     } else {

       iter.next();

     }

   }

   // Close the reachable set

   complete_gc->do_void();

   NOT_PRODUCT(

     if (PrintGCDetails && TraceReferenceGC) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" Dropped %d dead Refs out of %d "

         "discovered Refs by policy, from list " INTPTR_FORMAT,

         iter.removed(), iter.processed(), (address)refs_list.head());

     }

   )

 }

 // Traverse the list and remove any Refs that are not active, or

 // whose referents are either alive or NULL.

 void

 ReferenceProcessor::pp2_work(DiscoveredList&    refs_list,

                              BoolObjectClosure* is_alive,

                              OopClosure*        keep_alive) {

   assert(discovery_is_atomic(), "Error");

   DiscoveredListIterator iter(refs_list, keep_alive, is_alive);

   while (iter.has_next()) {

     iter.load_ptrs(DEBUG_ONLY(false /* allow_null_referent */));

     DEBUG_ONLY(oop next = java_lang_ref_Reference::next(iter.obj());)

     assert(next == NULL, "Should not discover inactive Reference");

     if (iter.is_referent_alive()) {

       if (TraceReferenceGC) {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Dropping strongly reachable reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",

                                (void *)iter.obj(), iter.obj()->klass()->internal_name());

       }

       // The referent is reachable after all.

       // Remove Reference object from list.

       iter.remove();

       // Update the referent pointer as necessary: Note that this

       // should not entail any recursive marking because the

       // referent must already have been traversed.

       iter.make_referent_alive();

       iter.move_to_next();

     } else {

       iter.next();

     }

   }

   NOT_PRODUCT(

     if (PrintGCDetails && TraceReferenceGC && (iter.processed() > 0)) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" Dropped %d active Refs out of %d "

         "Refs in discovered list " INTPTR_FORMAT,

         iter.removed(), iter.processed(), (address)refs_list.head());

     }

   )

 }

 void

 ReferenceProcessor::pp2_work_concurrent_discovery(DiscoveredList&    refs_list,

                                                   BoolObjectClosure* is_alive,

                                                   OopClosure*        keep_alive,

                                                   VoidClosure*       complete_gc) {

   assert(!discovery_is_atomic(), "Error");

   DiscoveredListIterator iter(refs_list, keep_alive, is_alive);

   while (iter.has_next()) {

     iter.load_ptrs(DEBUG_ONLY(true /* allow_null_referent */));

     HeapWord* next_addr = java_lang_ref_Reference::next_addr(iter.obj());

     oop next = java_lang_ref_Reference::next(iter.obj());

     if ((iter.referent() == NULL || iter.is_referent_alive() ||

          next != NULL)) {

       assert(next->is_oop_or_null(), "bad next field");

       // Remove Reference object from list

       iter.remove();

       // Trace the cohorts

       iter.make_referent_alive();

       if (UseCompressedOops) {

         keep_alive->do_oop((narrowOop*)next_addr);

       } else {

         keep_alive->do_oop((oop*)next_addr);

       }

       iter.move_to_next();

     } else {

       iter.next();

     }

   }

   // Now close the newly reachable set

   complete_gc->do_void();

   NOT_PRODUCT(

     if (PrintGCDetails && TraceReferenceGC && (iter.processed() > 0)) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" Dropped %d active Refs out of %d "

         "Refs in discovered list " INTPTR_FORMAT,

         iter.removed(), iter.processed(), (address)refs_list.head());

     }

   )

 }

 // Traverse the list and process the referents, by either

 // clearing them or keeping them (and their reachable

 // closure) alive.

 void

 ReferenceProcessor::process_phase3(DiscoveredList&    refs_list,

                                    bool               clear_referent,

                                    BoolObjectClosure* is_alive,

                                    OopClosure*        keep_alive,

                                    VoidClosure*       complete_gc) {

   ResourceMark rm;

   DiscoveredListIterator iter(refs_list, keep_alive, is_alive);

   while (iter.has_next()) {

     iter.update_discovered();

     iter.load_ptrs(DEBUG_ONLY(false /* allow_null_referent */));

     if (clear_referent) {

       // NULL out referent pointer

       iter.clear_referent();

     } else {

       // keep the referent around

       iter.make_referent_alive();

     }

     if (TraceReferenceGC) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Adding %sreference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s) as pending",

                              clear_referent ? "cleared " : "",

                              (void *)iter.obj(), iter.obj()->klass()->internal_name());

     }

     assert(iter.obj()->is_oop(UseConcMarkSweepGC), "Adding a bad reference");

     iter.next();

   }

   // Remember to update the next pointer of the last ref.

   iter.update_discovered();

   // Close the reachable set

   complete_gc->do_void();

 }

 void

 ReferenceProcessor::clear_discovered_references(DiscoveredList& refs_list) {

   oop obj = NULL;

   oop next = refs_list.head();

   while (next != obj) {

     obj = next;

     next = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);

     java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered_raw(obj, NULL);

   }

   refs_list.set_head(NULL);

   refs_list.set_length(0);

 }

 void

 ReferenceProcessor::abandon_partial_discovered_list(DiscoveredList& refs_list) {

   clear_discovered_references(refs_list);

 }

 void ReferenceProcessor::abandon_partial_discovery() {

   // loop over the lists

   for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q * number_of_subclasses_of_ref(); i++) {

     if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails && ((i % _max_num_q) == 0)) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("\nAbandoning %s discovered list", list_name(i));

     }

     abandon_partial_discovered_list(_discovered_refs[i]);

   }

 }

 class RefProcPhase1Task: public AbstractRefProcTaskExecutor::ProcessTask {

 public:

   RefProcPhase1Task(ReferenceProcessor& ref_processor,

                     DiscoveredList      refs_lists[],

                     ReferencePolicy*    policy,

                     bool                marks_oops_alive)

     : ProcessTask(ref_processor, refs_lists, marks_oops_alive),

       _policy(policy)

   { }

   virtual void work(unsigned int i, BoolObjectClosure& is_alive,

                     OopClosure& keep_alive,

                     VoidClosure& complete_gc)

   {

     Thread* thr = Thread::current();

     int refs_list_index = ((WorkerThread*)thr)->id();

     _ref_processor.process_phase1(_refs_lists[refs_list_index], _policy,

                                   &is_alive, &keep_alive, &complete_gc);

   }

 private:

   ReferencePolicy* _policy;

 };

 class RefProcPhase2Task: public AbstractRefProcTaskExecutor::ProcessTask {

 public:

   RefProcPhase2Task(ReferenceProcessor& ref_processor,

                     DiscoveredList      refs_lists[],

                     bool                marks_oops_alive)

     : ProcessTask(ref_processor, refs_lists, marks_oops_alive)

   { }

   virtual void work(unsigned int i, BoolObjectClosure& is_alive,

                     OopClosure& keep_alive,

                     VoidClosure& complete_gc)

   {

     _ref_processor.process_phase2(_refs_lists[i],

                                   &is_alive, &keep_alive, &complete_gc);

   }

 };

 class RefProcPhase3Task: public AbstractRefProcTaskExecutor::ProcessTask {

 public:

   RefProcPhase3Task(ReferenceProcessor& ref_processor,

                     DiscoveredList      refs_lists[],

                     bool                clear_referent,

                     bool                marks_oops_alive)

     : ProcessTask(ref_processor, refs_lists, marks_oops_alive),

       _clear_referent(clear_referent)

   { }

   virtual void work(unsigned int i, BoolObjectClosure& is_alive,

                     OopClosure& keep_alive,

                     VoidClosure& complete_gc)

   {

     // Don't use "refs_list_index" calculated in this way because

     // balance_queues() has moved the Ref's into the first n queues.

     // Thread* thr = Thread::current();

     // int refs_list_index = ((WorkerThread*)thr)->id();

     // _ref_processor.process_phase3(_refs_lists[refs_list_index], _clear_referent,

     _ref_processor.process_phase3(_refs_lists[i], _clear_referent,

                                   &is_alive, &keep_alive, &complete_gc);

   }

 private:

   bool _clear_referent;

 };

 // Balances reference queues.

 // Move entries from all queues[0, 1, ..., _max_num_q-1] to

 // queues[0, 1, ..., _num_q-1] because only the first _num_q

 // corresponding to the active workers will be processed.

 void ReferenceProcessor::balance_queues(DiscoveredList ref_lists[])

 {

   // calculate total length

   size_t total_refs = 0;

   if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("\nBalance ref_lists ");

   }

   for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q; ++i) {

     total_refs += ref_lists[i].length();

     if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {

       gclog_or_tty->print("%d ", ref_lists[i].length());

     }

   }

   if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" = %d", total_refs);

   }

   size_t avg_refs = total_refs / _num_q + 1;

   uint to_idx = 0;

   for (uint from_idx = 0; from_idx < _max_num_q; from_idx++) {

     bool move_all = false;

     if (from_idx >= _num_q) {

       move_all = ref_lists[from_idx].length() > 0;

     }

     while ((ref_lists[from_idx].length() > avg_refs) ||

            move_all) {

       assert(to_idx < _num_q, "Sanity Check!");

       if (ref_lists[to_idx].length() < avg_refs) {

         // move superfluous refs

         size_t refs_to_move;

         // Move all the Ref's if the from queue will not be processed.

         if (move_all) {

           refs_to_move = MIN2(ref_lists[from_idx].length(),

                               avg_refs - ref_lists[to_idx].length());

         } else {

           refs_to_move = MIN2(ref_lists[from_idx].length() - avg_refs,

                               avg_refs - ref_lists[to_idx].length());

         }

         assert(refs_to_move > 0, "otherwise the code below will fail");

         oop move_head = ref_lists[from_idx].head();

         oop move_tail = move_head;

         oop new_head  = move_head;

         // find an element to split the list on

         for (size_t j = 0; j < refs_to_move; ++j) {

           move_tail = new_head;

           new_head = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(new_head);

         }

         // Add the chain to the to list.

         if (ref_lists[to_idx].head() == NULL) {

           // to list is empty. Make a loop at the end.

           java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered_raw(move_tail, move_tail);

         } else {

           java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered_raw(move_tail, ref_lists[to_idx].head());

         }

         ref_lists[to_idx].set_head(move_head);

         ref_lists[to_idx].inc_length(refs_to_move);

         // Remove the chain from the from list.

         if (move_tail == new_head) {

           // We found the end of the from list.

           ref_lists[from_idx].set_head(NULL);

         } else {

           ref_lists[from_idx].set_head(new_head);

         }

         ref_lists[from_idx].dec_length(refs_to_move);

         if (ref_lists[from_idx].length() == 0) {

           break;

         }

       } else {

         to_idx = (to_idx + 1) % _num_q;

       }

     }

   }

 #ifdef ASSERT

   size_t balanced_total_refs = 0;

   for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q; ++i) {

     balanced_total_refs += ref_lists[i].length();

     if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {

       gclog_or_tty->print("%d ", ref_lists[i].length());

     }

   }

   if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" = %d", balanced_total_refs);

     gclog_or_tty->flush();

   }

   assert(total_refs == balanced_total_refs, "Balancing was incomplete");

 #endif

 }

 void ReferenceProcessor::balance_all_queues() {

   balance_queues(_discoveredSoftRefs);

   balance_queues(_discoveredWeakRefs);

   balance_queues(_discoveredFinalRefs);

   balance_queues(_discoveredPhantomRefs);

   balance_queues(_discoveredCleanerRefs);

 }

 size_t

 ReferenceProcessor::process_discovered_reflist(

   DiscoveredList               refs_lists[],

   ReferencePolicy*             policy,

   bool                         clear_referent,

   BoolObjectClosure*           is_alive,

   OopClosure*                  keep_alive,

   VoidClosure*                 complete_gc,

   AbstractRefProcTaskExecutor* task_executor)

 {

   bool mt_processing = task_executor != NULL && _processing_is_mt;

   // If discovery used MT and a dynamic number of GC threads, then

   // the queues must be balanced for correctness if fewer than the

   // maximum number of queues were used.  The number of queue used

   // during discovery may be different than the number to be used

   // for processing so don't depend of _num_q < _max_num_q as part

   // of the test.

   bool must_balance = _discovery_is_mt;

   if ((mt_processing && ParallelRefProcBalancingEnabled) ||

       must_balance) {

     balance_queues(refs_lists);

   }

   size_t total_list_count = total_count(refs_lists);

   if (PrintReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {

     gclog_or_tty->print(", %u refs", total_list_count);

   }

   // Phase 1 (soft refs only):

   // . Traverse the list and remove any SoftReferences whose

   //   referents are not alive, but that should be kept alive for

   //   policy reasons. Keep alive the transitive closure of all

   //   such referents.

   if (policy != NULL) {

     if (mt_processing) {

       RefProcPhase1Task phase1(*this, refs_lists, policy, true /*marks_oops_alive*/);

       task_executor->execute(phase1);

     } else {

       for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q; i++) {

         process_phase1(refs_lists[i], policy,

                        is_alive, keep_alive, complete_gc);

       }

     }

   } else { // policy == NULL

     assert(refs_lists != _discoveredSoftRefs,

            "Policy must be specified for soft references.");

   }

   // Phase 2:

   // . Traverse the list and remove any refs whose referents are alive.

   if (mt_processing) {

     RefProcPhase2Task phase2(*this, refs_lists, !discovery_is_atomic() /*marks_oops_alive*/);

     task_executor->execute(phase2);

   } else {

     for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q; i++) {

       process_phase2(refs_lists[i], is_alive, keep_alive, complete_gc);

     }

   }

   // Phase 3:

   // . Traverse the list and process referents as appropriate.

   if (mt_processing) {

     RefProcPhase3Task phase3(*this, refs_lists, clear_referent, true /*marks_oops_alive*/);

     task_executor->execute(phase3);

   } else {

     for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q; i++) {

       process_phase3(refs_lists[i], clear_referent,

                      is_alive, keep_alive, complete_gc);

     }

   }

   return total_list_count;

 }

 void ReferenceProcessor::clean_up_discovered_references() {

   // loop over the lists

   for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q * number_of_subclasses_of_ref(); i++) {

     if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails && ((i % _max_num_q) == 0)) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr(

         "\nScrubbing %s discovered list of Null referents",

         list_name(i));

     }

     clean_up_discovered_reflist(_discovered_refs[i]);

   }

 }

 void ReferenceProcessor::clean_up_discovered_reflist(DiscoveredList& refs_list) {

   assert(!discovery_is_atomic(), "Else why call this method?");

   DiscoveredListIterator iter(refs_list, NULL, NULL);

   while (iter.has_next()) {

     iter.load_ptrs(DEBUG_ONLY(true /* allow_null_referent */));

     oop next = java_lang_ref_Reference::next(iter.obj());

     assert(next->is_oop_or_null(), "bad next field");

     // If referent has been cleared or Reference is not active,

     // drop it.

     if (iter.referent() == NULL || next != NULL) {

       debug_only(

         if (PrintGCDetails && TraceReferenceGC) {

           gclog_or_tty->print_cr("clean_up_discovered_list: Dropping Reference: "

             INTPTR_FORMAT " with next field: " INTPTR_FORMAT

             " and referent: " INTPTR_FORMAT,

             (void *)iter.obj(), (void *)next, (void *)iter.referent());

         }

       )

       // Remove Reference object from list

       iter.remove();

       iter.move_to_next();

     } else {

       iter.next();

     }

   }

   NOT_PRODUCT(

     if (PrintGCDetails && TraceReferenceGC) {

       gclog_or_tty->print(

         " Removed %d Refs with NULL referents out of %d discovered Refs",

         iter.removed(), iter.processed());

     }

   )

 }

 inline DiscoveredList* ReferenceProcessor::get_discovered_list(ReferenceType rt) {

   uint id = 0;

   // Determine the queue index to use for this object.

   if (_discovery_is_mt) {

     // During a multi-threaded discovery phase,

     // each thread saves to its "own" list.

     Thread* thr = Thread::current();

     id = thr->as_Worker_thread()->id();

   } else {

     // single-threaded discovery, we save in round-robin

     // fashion to each of the lists.

     if (_processing_is_mt) {

       id = next_id();

     }

   }

   assert(0 <= id && id < _max_num_q, "Id is out-of-bounds (call Freud?)");

   // Get the discovered queue to which we will add

   DiscoveredList* list = NULL;

   switch (rt) {

     case REF_OTHER:

       // Unknown reference type, no special treatment

       break;

     case REF_SOFT:

       list = &_discoveredSoftRefs[id];

       break;

     case REF_WEAK:

       list = &_discoveredWeakRefs[id];

       break;

     case REF_FINAL:

       list = &_discoveredFinalRefs[id];

       break;

     case REF_PHANTOM:

       list = &_discoveredPhantomRefs[id];

       break;

     case REF_CLEANER:

       list = &_discoveredCleanerRefs[id];

       break;

     case REF_NONE:

       // we should not reach here if we are an InstanceRefKlass

     default:

       ShouldNotReachHere();

   }

   if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {

     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Thread %d gets list " INTPTR_FORMAT, id, list);

   }

   return list;

 }

 inline void

 ReferenceProcessor::add_to_discovered_list_mt(DiscoveredList& refs_list,

                                               oop             obj,

                                               HeapWord*       discovered_addr) {

   assert(_discovery_is_mt, "!_discovery_is_mt should have been handled by caller");

   // First we must make sure this object is only enqueued once. CAS in a non null

   // discovered_addr.

   oop current_head = refs_list.head();

   // The last ref must have its discovered field pointing to itself.

   oop next_discovered = (current_head != NULL) ? current_head : obj;

   oop retest = oopDesc::atomic_compare_exchange_oop(next_discovered, discovered_addr,

                                                     NULL);

   if (retest == NULL) {

     // This thread just won the right to enqueue the object.

     // We have separate lists for enqueueing, so no synchronization

     // is necessary.

     refs_list.set_head(obj);

     refs_list.inc_length(1);

     if (TraceReferenceGC) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Discovered reference (mt) (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",

                              (void *)obj, obj->klass()->internal_name());

     }

   } else {

     // If retest was non NULL, another thread beat us to it:

     // The reference has already been discovered...

     if (TraceReferenceGC) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Already discovered reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",

                              (void *)obj, obj->klass()->internal_name());

     }

   }

 }

 #ifndef PRODUCT

 // Non-atomic (i.e. concurrent) discovery might allow us

 // to observe j.l.References with NULL referents, being those

 // cleared concurrently by mutators during (or after) discovery.

 void ReferenceProcessor::verify_referent(oop obj) {

   bool da = discovery_is_atomic();

   oop referent = java_lang_ref_Reference::referent(obj);

   assert(da ? referent->is_oop() : referent->is_oop_or_null(),

          err_msg("Bad referent " INTPTR_FORMAT " found in Reference "

                  INTPTR_FORMAT " during %satomic discovery ",

                  (void *)referent, (void *)obj, da ? "" : "non-"));

 }

 #endif

 // We mention two of several possible choices here:

 // #0: if the reference object is not in the "originating generation"

 //     (or part of the heap being collected, indicated by our "span"

 //     we don't treat it specially (i.e. we scan it as we would

 //     a normal oop, treating its references as strong references).

 //     This means that references can't be discovered unless their

 //     referent is also in the same span. This is the simplest,

 //     most "local" and most conservative approach, albeit one

 //     that may cause weak references to be enqueued least promptly.

 //     We call this choice the "ReferenceBasedDiscovery" policy.

 // #1: the reference object may be in any generation (span), but if

 //     the referent is in the generation (span) being currently collected

 //     then we can discover the reference object, provided

 //     the object has not already been discovered by

 //     a different concurrently running collector (as may be the

 //     case, for instance, if the reference object is in CMS and

 //     the referent in DefNewGeneration), and provided the processing

 //     of this reference object by the current collector will

 //     appear atomic to every other collector in the system.

 //     (Thus, for instance, a concurrent collector may not

 //     discover references in other generations even if the

 //     referent is in its own generation). This policy may,

 //     in certain cases, enqueue references somewhat sooner than

 //     might Policy #0 above, but at marginally increased cost

 //     and complexity in processing these references.

 //     We call this choice the "RefeferentBasedDiscovery" policy.

 bool ReferenceProcessor::discover_reference(oop obj, ReferenceType rt) {

   // Make sure we are discovering refs (rather than processing discovered refs).

   if (!_discovering_refs || !RegisterReferences) {

     return false;

   }

   // We only discover active references.

   oop next = java_lang_ref_Reference::next(obj);

   if (next != NULL) {   // Ref is no longer active

     return false;

   }

   HeapWord* obj_addr = (HeapWord*)obj;

   if (RefDiscoveryPolicy == ReferenceBasedDiscovery &&

       !_span.contains(obj_addr)) {

     // Reference is not in the originating generation;

     // don't treat it specially (i.e. we want to scan it as a normal

     // object with strong references).

     return false;

   }

   // We only discover references whose referents are not (yet)

   // known to be strongly reachable.

   if (is_alive_non_header() != NULL) {

     verify_referent(obj);

     if (is_alive_non_header()->do_object_b(java_lang_ref_Reference::referent(obj))) {

       return false;  // referent is reachable

     }

   }

   if (rt == REF_SOFT) {

     // For soft refs we can decide now if these are not

     // current candidates for clearing, in which case we

     // can mark through them now, rather than delaying that

     // to the reference-processing phase. Since all current

     // time-stamp policies advance the soft-ref clock only

     // at a major collection cycle, this is always currently

     // accurate.

     if (!_current_soft_ref_policy->should_clear_reference(obj, _soft_ref_timestamp_clock)) {

       return false;

     }

   }

   ResourceMark rm;      // Needed for tracing.

   HeapWord* const discovered_addr = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered_addr(obj);

   const oop  discovered = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);

   assert(discovered->is_oop_or_null(), "bad discovered field");

   if (discovered != NULL) {

     // The reference has already been discovered...

     if (TraceReferenceGC) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Already discovered reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",

                              (void *)obj, obj->klass()->internal_name());

     }

     if (RefDiscoveryPolicy == ReferentBasedDiscovery) {

       // assumes that an object is not processed twice;

       // if it's been already discovered it must be on another

       // generation's discovered list; so we won't discover it.

       return false;

     } else {

       assert(RefDiscoveryPolicy == ReferenceBasedDiscovery,

              "Unrecognized policy");

       // Check assumption that an object is not potentially

       // discovered twice except by concurrent collectors that potentially

       // trace the same Reference object twice.

       assert(UseConcMarkSweepGC || UseG1GC,

              "Only possible with a concurrent marking collector");

       return true;

     }

   }

   if (RefDiscoveryPolicy == ReferentBasedDiscovery) {

     verify_referent(obj);

     // Discover if and only if EITHER:

     // .. reference is in our span, OR

     // .. we are an atomic collector and referent is in our span

     if (_span.contains(obj_addr) ||

         (discovery_is_atomic() &&

          _span.contains(java_lang_ref_Reference::referent(obj)))) {

       // should_enqueue = true;

     } else {

       return false;

     }

   } else {

     assert(RefDiscoveryPolicy == ReferenceBasedDiscovery &&

            _span.contains(obj_addr), "code inconsistency");

   }

   // Get the right type of discovered queue head.

   DiscoveredList* list = get_discovered_list(rt);

   if (list == NULL) {

     return false;   // nothing special needs to be done

   }

   if (_discovery_is_mt) {

     add_to_discovered_list_mt(*list, obj, discovered_addr);

   } else {

     // We do a raw store here: the field will be visited later when processing

     // the discovered references.

     oop current_head = list->head();

     // The last ref must have its discovered field pointing to itself.

     oop next_discovered = (current_head != NULL) ? current_head : obj;

     assert(discovered == NULL, "control point invariant");

     oop_store_raw(discovered_addr, next_discovered);

     list->set_head(obj);

     list->inc_length(1);

     if (TraceReferenceGC) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Discovered reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",

                                 (void *)obj, obj->klass()->internal_name());

     }

   }

   assert(obj->is_oop(), "Discovered a bad reference");

   verify_referent(obj);

   return true;

 }

 // Preclean the discovered references by removing those

 // whose referents are alive, and by marking from those that

 // are not active. These lists can be handled here

 // in any order and, indeed, concurrently.

 void ReferenceProcessor::preclean_discovered_references(

   BoolObjectClosure* is_alive,

   OopClosure* keep_alive,

   VoidClosure* complete_gc,

   YieldClosure* yield,

   GCTimer* gc_timer) {

   NOT_PRODUCT(verify_ok_to_handle_reflists());

   // Soft references

   {

     GCTraceTime tt("Preclean SoftReferences", PrintGCDetails && PrintReferenceGC,

               false, gc_timer);

     for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q; i++) {

       if (yield->should_return()) {

         return;

       }

       preclean_discovered_reflist(_discoveredSoftRefs[i], is_alive,

                                   keep_alive, complete_gc, yield);

     }

   }

   // Weak references

   {

     GCTraceTime tt("Preclean WeakReferences", PrintGCDetails && PrintReferenceGC,

               false, gc_timer);

     for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q; i++) {

       if (yield->should_return()) {

         return;

       }

       preclean_discovered_reflist(_discoveredWeakRefs[i], is_alive,

                                   keep_alive, complete_gc, yield);

     }

   }

   // Final references

   {

     GCTraceTime tt("Preclean FinalReferences", PrintGCDetails && PrintReferenceGC,

               false, gc_timer);

     for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q; i++) {

       if (yield->should_return()) {

         return;

       }

       preclean_discovered_reflist(_discoveredFinalRefs[i], is_alive,

                                   keep_alive, complete_gc, yield);

     }

   }

   // Phantom references

   {

     GCTraceTime tt("Preclean PhantomReferences", PrintGCDetails && PrintReferenceGC,

               false, gc_timer);

     for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q; i++) {

       if (yield->should_return()) {

         return;

       }

       preclean_discovered_reflist(_discoveredPhantomRefs[i], is_alive,

                                   keep_alive, complete_gc, yield);

     }

     // Cleaner references.  Included in timing for phantom references.  We

     // expect Cleaner references to be temporary, and don't want to deal with

     // possible incompatibilities arising from making it more visible.

     for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q; i++) {

       if (yield->should_return()) {

         return;

       }

       preclean_discovered_reflist(_discoveredCleanerRefs[i], is_alive,

                                   keep_alive, complete_gc, yield);

     }

   }

 }

 // Walk the given discovered ref list, and remove all reference objects

 // whose referents are still alive, whose referents are NULL or which

 // are not active (have a non-NULL next field). NOTE: When we are

 // thus precleaning the ref lists (which happens single-threaded today),

 // we do not disable refs discovery to honour the correct semantics of

 // java.lang.Reference. As a result, we need to be careful below

 // that ref removal steps interleave safely with ref discovery steps

 // (in this thread).

 void

 ReferenceProcessor::preclean_discovered_reflist(DiscoveredList&    refs_list,

                                                 BoolObjectClosure* is_alive,

                                                 OopClosure*        keep_alive,

                                                 VoidClosure*       complete_gc,

                                                 YieldClosure*      yield) {

   DiscoveredListIterator iter(refs_list, keep_alive, is_alive);

   while (iter.has_next()) {

     iter.load_ptrs(DEBUG_ONLY(true /* allow_null_referent */));

     oop obj = iter.obj();

     oop next = java_lang_ref_Reference::next(obj);

     if (iter.referent() == NULL || iter.is_referent_alive() ||

         next != NULL) {

       // The referent has been cleared, or is alive, or the Reference is not

       // active; we need to trace and mark its cohort.

       if (TraceReferenceGC) {

         gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Precleaning Reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",

                                (void *)iter.obj(), iter.obj()->klass()->internal_name());

       }

       // Remove Reference object from list

       iter.remove();

       // Keep alive its cohort.

       iter.make_referent_alive();

       if (UseCompressedOops) {

         narrowOop* next_addr = (narrowOop*)java_lang_ref_Reference::next_addr(obj);

         keep_alive->do_oop(next_addr);

       } else {

         oop* next_addr = (oop*)java_lang_ref_Reference::next_addr(obj);

         keep_alive->do_oop(next_addr);

       }

       iter.move_to_next();

     } else {

       iter.next();

     }

   }

   // Close the reachable set

   complete_gc->do_void();

   NOT_PRODUCT(

     if (PrintGCDetails && PrintReferenceGC && (iter.processed() > 0)) {

       gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" Dropped %d Refs out of %d "

         "Refs in discovered list " INTPTR_FORMAT,

         iter.removed(), iter.processed(), (address)refs_list.head());

     }

   )

 }

 const char* ReferenceProcessor::list_name(uint i) {

    assert(i >= 0 && i <= _max_num_q * number_of_subclasses_of_ref(),

           "Out of bounds index");

    int j = i / _max_num_q;

    switch (j) {

      case 0: return "SoftRef";

      case 1: return "WeakRef";

      case 2: return "FinalRef";

      case 3: return "PhantomRef";

      case 4: return "CleanerRef";

    }

    ShouldNotReachHere();

    return NULL;

 }

 #ifndef PRODUCT

 void ReferenceProcessor::verify_ok_to_handle_reflists() {

   // empty for now

 }

 #endif

 #ifndef PRODUCT

 void ReferenceProcessor::clear_discovered_references() {

   guarantee(!_discovering_refs, "Discovering refs?");

   for (uint i = 0; i < _max_num_q * number_of_subclasses_of_ref(); i++) {

     clear_discovered_references(_discovered_refs[i]);

   }

 }

 #endif // PRODUCT